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Azha language - Wikipedia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Azha
Native to	China
Native speakers	53,000 (2007)^[1]
Language family	Sino-Tibetan Tibeto-Burman Lolo-Burmese Loloish Southeastern Sani–Azha Azha
Language codes
ISO 639-3	`aza`
Glottolog	`azha1235`

Azha (Chinese: 阿扎语) is one of the Loloish languages spoken by the Yi people of China.

Demographics

Azha (autonym: a33tsa21 or a55tʂa33) is spoken in Ganhe Township of Yanshan County, Yunnan and Dongshan and Binglie Townships of Wenshan County. Pelkey (2011) identifies the Azha 阿扎 (exonym: Pula 朴喇) of Kaiyuan, Yunnan as Phowa speakers.

 Azha is spoken by the Phula people, but it is not a Phula language and is a Sani–Azha language, closely related to Sani, Axi and Azhe. Samei of Kunming may be related. Speakers are classified as Yi people by the Chinese Government.

Innovations

In Azha, the words for ‘goat’, ‘eat’, and ‘drink’ are innovative (Pelkey 2011:377). Luojiayi Azha^[2] /mɛ33 xɛ33/ ‘goat’, /la̠45/ ‘eat’, /ŋɨ33/ ‘drink’ are not derived from Proto-Ngwi *(k)-cit^L ‘goat’, *dza² ‘eat’, and *m-daŋ¹ ‘drink’.

References

^ Azha at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
^ The representative dialect studied in Pelkey (2011) is that of Luojiayi 倮家邑, Binglie Township 秉烈乡, Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture.

Pelkey, Jamin. 2011. Dialectology as Dialectic: Interpreting Phula Variation. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.

Languages of China

Official

Standard Chinese

Regional

ARs / SARs	Cantonese^HK/MC English^HK Mongolian^NM Portuguese^MC Tibetan^XZ Uyghur^XJ Zhuang^GX
Prefecture	Hmong Kam Bouyei Tujia Korean Qiang Yi Kyrgyz Kazakh Tai Nüa Tai Lü Zaiwa Lisu Bai Hani Zhuang
Counties/Banners	numerous

Indigenous

Sino-Tibetan languages

Hanoish	Akeu Akha Amu Angluo Asuo Baihong Bisu Budu Bukong Cosao Duoni Duota Enu Habei Hani Honi Jino Kabie Kaduo Lami Laomian Laopin Mpi Muda Nuobi Nuomei Phana’ Piyo Qidi Sadu Sangkong Suobi Tsukong Woni Yiche
Lisoish	Eka Hlersu Kua-nsi Kuamasi Laizisi Lalo Lamu Lavu Lawu Limi Lipo Lisu Lolopo Mangdi Micha Mili Sonaga Toloza Xuzhang Yangliu Zibusi
Nisoish	Alingpo Alugu Aluo Axi Azha Azhe Bokha Gepo Khlula Lope Moji Muji Muzi Nasu Nisu Nuosu Phala Phola Phowa Phukha Phuma Phupa Phupha Phuza Samei Sani Thopho Zokhuo
Other	Gokhy Katso Kucong Lahu Naruo Namuyi Naxi Nusu Samu Sanie Zauzou

Qiangic

Tibetic

Other

Other languages

Austroasiatic

Hmong-Mien

Hmongic	A-Hmao Bu-Nao Gejia Guiyang Hm Nai Hmong Hmu Huishui Kiong Nai Luobohe Mashan Pa-Hng Pa Na Pingtang Qo Xiong Raojia Sheyu Small Flowery Xixiu Younuo
Mienic	Biao Min Dzao Min Iu Mien Kim Mun

Mongolic

Kra-Dai

Zhuang	Bouyei Dai Min Ningming Nong Tai Dam Tai Dón Tai Hongjin Tai Lü Tai Nüa Tai Ya Yang Yei
Other	Ai-Cham Biao Buyang Cao Miao Chadong Cun Gelao Hlai Jiamao Kam Lakkja Mak Maonan Mulam Naxi Yao Ong Be Paha Qabiao Sui Then

Tungusic

Turkic

Other

Sarikoli (Indo-European)
Tsat (Austronesian)
Formosan languages (Austronesian)

Minority

Varieties of
Chinese

Danzhou
Mandarin
- Northeastern
- Beijing
- Ji-Lu
- Jiao-Liao
- Zhongyuan
  - Lan-Yin
- Jin
- Southwestern
  - Sichuanese
- Southeastern
Gan
Hakka
Hui
Mai
Min
- Southern
  - Hokkien
  - Teoswa
  - Hainanese
- Eastern
- Puxian
- Central
- Northern
- Shaojiang
Ping
Shaozhou Tuhua
Shehua
Wu
- Chu–Qu
- Oujiang
- Taihu
  - Jinxiang
  - Northwestern
    - Changzhou
    - Hangzhou
  - Northern Zhejiang
    - Ningbo
    - Shaoxing
  - Su–Jia–Hu
    - Shanghainese
    - Suzhou
    - Wuxi
- Taizhou
  - Taizhou proper
- Wuzhou
  - Jinhua
- Xuanzhou
Xiang
- New
- Old
Yue
- Cantonese

Creole/Mixed

Extinct

Sign

GX = Guangxi
HK = Hong Kong
MC = Macau
NM = Inner Mongolia
XJ = Xinjiang
XZ = Tibet

Sino-Tibetan branches

Western Himalayas (Himachal,
Uttarakhand, Nepal, Sikkim)

West Himalayish
Tamangic
Newaric
- Newar
- Baram–Thangmi
Kiranti
Dhimalish
- Dhimal
- Toto
- Lhokpu
Lepcha

Greater Magaric	Magaric Magar Kham Chepangic Chepang Bhujel Raji–Raute Dura–Tandrange

Eastern Himalayas
(Tibet, Bhutan, Arunachal)

Bodish
- Tibetic
- East Bodish
- Tshangla
- Basum
- Nam?
Gongduk
ʼOle
Tani
Chamdo

Myanmar and Indo-
Burmese border

Karbi
Kuki-Chin
Mruic
- Mru
- Hkongso
Pyu
Taman

"Naga"	Ao Angami–Pochuri Meitei Tangkhulic Zeme
Sal	Boro–Garo Konyak Jingpho–Luish

East and Southeast Asia

Burmo-Qiangic	Qiangic Gyalrongic Ersuic Naic Lolo-Burmese Mondzish Burmish Loloish

Dubious (possible
isolates) (Arunachal)

Greater Siangic	Siangic Koro Milang Idu–Taraon

Proposed groupings

Proto-languages

Italics indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches.

Lolo-Burmese languages

Mondzish

Kathu	Kathu
Nuclear Mondzish	Maang Manga Mango Mantsi Maza Muangphe Mauphu Motang Mongphu

Loloish
(Yi)
(Ngwi)

Southern Loloish
(Southern Ngwi)
(Hanoish)

Hanoid

Akha	Akha Chepya Muteun Muda
Hani	Hani Nuomei Nuobi Lami Luomian Angluo Guohe Guozuo Gehuo Yiche Qidi Kabie
Haoni	Honi Woni Baihong Bukong Budu Suobi Duoni Duota Asuo Amu

Bisoid

Siloid

Bi-Ka

Mpi

Jino

Jino

Central Loloish
(Central Ngwi)

Lawoish

Lahoish

Lahu
Kucong

Nusoish

Nusu
Zauzou

Lisoish

Laloid	Lalo (Western Yi) Yangliu Eka Mangdi Xuzhang Alu
Taloid	Talu Lavu Lang'e Tagu Popei Naruo Kua-nsi Kuamasi Laizisi Zibusi Sonaga Gomotage

Northern Loloish
(Northern Ngwi)
(Nisoid)

Nosoid	Nuosu (Northern Yi) Nyisu (Yellow Yi)
Nasoid	Nasu (Eastern Yi) Chesu Luoji Gepo Ku Aluo

Southeastern Loloish
(Southeastern Ngwi)
(Axi-Puoid)

Nisu	Nisu (Southern Yi) Lope
Sani–Azha	Sani (Southeastern Yi) Axi Azhe Azha Alingpo Samei
Highland Phula	Khlula Muji Muzi Moji Laghuu Phowa Phukha Thopho Zokhuo
Riverine Phula	Phola Phupa