List of people executed for homosexuality in Europe

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List of people executed for homosexuality in Europe - Wikipedia

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(Redirected from Baptistam Bariliarum)

Societal attitudes towards same-sex relationships have varied over time and place, from expecting all males to engage in same-sex relationships, to casual integration, through acceptance, to seeing the practice as a minor sin, repressing it through law enforcement and judicial mechanisms, and to proscribing it under penalty of death. The following individuals received the death penalty for it.

Executed individuals

Belgium

Name	Date	Notes
John de Wettre	8 September 1292	A "maker of small knives" condemned at Ghent and burned at the pillory next to St. Peter's.^[1]^: 17
Willem Case	1373	Executed in Antwerp.^[2]
Jan van Aersdone	1373	Executed in Antwerp.^[2]
Two unknowns	1375	Executed in Ypres.^[2]
Unknown	1391	One of 17 defendants (including 2 women) at a mass trial in Mechelen; only one to confess.^[2]
Three unknowns	28 June 1578	Franciscan friars, burned in Bruges.^[2]^[3]^[4]
Unknown	1601	Jesuit, burned in Antwerp.^[2]

France

Name	Date	Notes
Robert de Peronne	1317	Also known as de Bray, burned in Laon; brother Jean given unknown sentence for same charge the next year.^[5]^[6]
Pierre Poirer	1334	Burned in Dorche.^[6]
Unknown	1344	Burned at Dorche, Savoy.^[5]
Unknown	1372	Burned at Reims.^[5]
Johannes Rorer	1400	Strasbourg bathhouse owner; his partner, carpenter Heinzmann Hiltebrant, fled the city.^[7]
Isaach Salamó	1403	Jew, burned in Perpignan.^[8]
Eighteen unknowns	24 December 1474	Lombard soldiers, executed in Burgundy.^[9]
Gilles de Nevers	1457	"Host of the golden head", burned in Lille.^[10]
Jerome	1506	A bottlemaker and Jerome, burned in Strasbourg.^[7]
Unknown	1506	A bottlemaker and Jerome, burned in Strasbourg.^[7]
Jean Moret	13 December 1519	Burned alive in Amiens, sentenced by city bailiff.^[11]^[12]
Unknown	1535	A woman from Fontaines who dressed as a man and married a maid of Foy; burned, case reported by Henri Estienne.^[13]^[14]^[15]
Dominique Phinot	1556	Composer of the Renaissance, executed in Lyon.^[16]
Unknown	1557	Pronotary of Montault, sentenced to be burned.^[11]^[12]
Marie	1580	Female weaver in Montier-en-Der, born in Chaumont; dressed as a man, married another woman, and used "illicit devices"; hanged.^[14]^[15]^[13]
Nicolas Dadon	1 February 1584	Rector of the University of Paris, from Nulli Saint-Front, hanged and burned (along with his trial) for sodomy in Paris.^[11]^[12]
Unknown	April 1584	Italian, burned alive in front of the Louvre in Paris.^[11]
Richard Renvoisy	6 March 1586	Canon of Sainte-Chapelle du Roi in Dijon and "master of children", wrote Quelques odes d'Anacreon mises en musique in 1559. His "too free association with his young students made him fall into a crime", and he was subsequently burned.^[17]^[18]
Ruffin "Defrozieres" Fortias^[a]	22 December 1598	Hanged and body burned in Issoudun. Sentenced by bailiwick on 28 November.^[11]^[12]
Jean-Imbert Brunet	4 May 1601	Local priest of Ollioules, burned by the Parliament of Provence.^[19]
Unknown	7 March 1654	Italian priest accused of sodomy, one of three tortured prisoners. He, "having confessed by all rigorosity (sic) of his pains, was condemned to be first hanged, and afterwards burnt - a sentence carried out the next day" in Paris.^[20]
Jacques Chausson	1661	attempted rape of a young nobleman, Octave des Valons.
Antoine Mazouer	1666	Burned in Paris.^[21]^[22]
Emery Ange Dugaton	1666	Burned in Paris.^[21]^[22]
Antoine Bouquet	26 August 1671	Sentenced to burn alive.^[11]^[12]
Unknown	31 March 1677	60-year-old, burned in the Marché-Neuf in Paris. Sentenced earlier that day.^[11]
Philippe Basse	1720	Burned in Paris, also convicted of blasphemy.^[5]
Bernard Mocmanesse	1720	Burned in Paris, also convicted of blasphemy.^[5]
Benjamin Deschauffours	1726	Procurer, burned on Place de Grève in Paris. Accused of killing a kidnapped boy.
Two unknowns	1745	Former associates of the bandit Raffiat, who was broken on the wheel in 1742. They were pierced in their tongues, hanged and burned; they were also charged with blasphemy.^[23]
Jean Diot	6 July 1750	The last two to be executed for sodomy in France
Bruno Lenoir	6 July 1750	The last two to be executed for sodomy in France
Unknown	1757	Parish priest of Ludres, condemned to be burned by the sovereign court of Lorraine; made an edifying speech to his parishioners speech before he was executed, and organized pilgrimages were made to the execution site afterwards.^[24]^[25]

Germany

Name	Date	Notes
Heinrich Schreiber	1378	Convicted by a Munich civil court, probably executed.^[7]
Br. Hans Storzl	1381	Two monks, two Beghards, and a peasant, burned in Augsburg for "having committed heresy with one another."^[7]
Br. Eberhard of St. Lienhart
Three unknowns
Ulrich Frey	1408^[7] or 1409	From Augsburg; one burned, other 4 (all ecclesiastics) bound hand and foot in a wooden cage to starve.^[5]
Jacob Kyss
Ulrich
Two unknowns
Two unknowns	1418	Clerics, convicted to burn in Konstanz; probably executed.^[7]
Br. Conradt	1464	Burned in Konstanz.^[7]
Ulrich Vischer	1464	Burned in Konstanz.^[7]
Georg Semler	1471	Decapitated in Regensburg.^[7]
Fritz Rottel
Stefan Karl
Andre Vetter
Katherina Hetzeldorfer	1477	German cross-dressing lesbian executed for heresy against nature after having used a dildo on two female partners.
Cristan Schriber	1488	Burned in Konstanz.^[7]
Jacob Miller	1532	Decapitated in Augsburg.^[7] Wagner was caught giving Will a jacket and a rapier "as an outward sign of their connection."^[26]
Bernhard/Berlin Wagner
Michel Will
Franz von Alsten	1536 or 1537	Decapitated in Munster.^[7]
Christopher Mayer	13 August 1594	Mayer, a weaver of fustian, and Weber, a fruiterer, both citizens of Nuremberg, committed sodomy together for 3 years until they were spotted in the act behind a hedge by a hook-maker's apprentice. Weber had also committed sodomy with Endressen, a cook, an Alexander, and others over the past 20 years. Mayer was beheaded, and his body was burnt with Weber as he was burned alive.^[27]
Hans Weber	13 August 1594
Hans Wolff Marti	11 March 1596	Marti, a tradesman, citizen of Wehr, had committed sodomy in various places and times, including first with a bargeman at Ibss, with another partner at Brauningen, and with a peasant at Miltenburck. Beheaded with the sword "as a favour" before his body was burned.^[27]
Ludwig le Gros	15 June 1704	Prussian soldiers, beheaded in Berlin after confessing to having sexual relations with each other under Charles V's code of 1532 which criminalized sodomy.^[28]^[29]^[30]^[31]
Martin Schultze	15 June 1704
Catharina Margaretha Linck	1721	Prussian cross-dressing lesbian executed for sodomy in Halberstadt; her execution was the last for lesbian sexual activity in Europe.
Ephraim Ostermann	31 January 1729	Baker, age 30. Arrested for two sexual acts with his apprentice, Martin Köhler, who allegedly died of "unnatural loss of semen". Admitted under torture to similar acts on 20 other men. Beheaded in Potsdam under the court of Friedrich Wilhelm I.^[31]^[32]

After the Nazi takeover in 1933, the persecution of homosexuals in Germany became a priority of the Nazi police state. Between 1933 and 1945, an estimated 100,000 men were arrested as homosexuals; ten thousands of which were sentenced by courts. Most of these men served time in regular prisons, and between 5,000 and 6,000 were imprisoned in concentration camps. The death rate of these prisoners has been estimated at 60 percent, a higher rate than those of other prisoner groups. A smaller number of men were sentenced to death or killed at Nazi euthanasia centres. After the war, homosexuals were initially not counted as victims of Nazism because homosexuality continued to be illegal in Nazi Germany's successor states.

Ireland


Name	Date	Notes
John Atherton	1640	Bishop of Waterford and Lismore and his tithe proctor, hanged in Waterford. They were convicted under a law Atherton had voiced support for.
John Childe	1640

Italy

Name	Date	Notes
Niger de Pulis	1287	Burned in Parma.^[33]^[34]
Adenolfo IV	13 July 1293	Count of Acerra, impaled in Perugia by Charles II of Anjou.^[35]
Agostino di Ercole	1348	Likely executed in Florence. He did not believe his crime was serious and felt that if he was worthy of death, "then many others were to be considered worthy of death".^[36]
Pietro di Ferrara	20 February 1349	Servant, burned in Venice. Tried and convicted by the Lords of the Night along with fellow servant Giacomello di Bologna on December 29, 1348, who was only banished as he did not confess.^[37]
Rolandina Roncaglia	20 March 1354	Transgender female prostitute, burned in Venice. Originally from Padua, prior to presenting as female she was sometimes mistaken for a woman because of her feminine mannerisms. Initially married to a woman, but later had sex with a man and began presenting as female before moving to Venice. Sold eggs by day and sexual favors by night; most clients did not know of Roncaglia's sex, but per her account no one in Venice objected to her transitioning. Worked for 7 years before she was reported by a client and arrested.^[38]^[39]^[40]
Nicoleto Marmagna	3 October 1357	Venetian boatman and his servant, burned by the Lords of Night. Marmagna was married to Braganza's sister.^[37]^[5]
Giovanni Braganza	3 October 1357
Giovanni di Giovanni	7 May 1365	15-year-old Italian boy charged with being "a public and notorious passive sodomite".^[36]^[41]
Nanni di Firenze	27 July 1401	Likely burned in Venice.^[42]
Nani Silvestri	20 December 1401	Merchant, likely burned in Venice.^[42]
Domenico da Fermo	3 January 1402	Barber, burned in Venice. Resisted interrogative torture, refusing to and retracting any given confessions.^[42]
Clario Contarini	1407	A group of young nobles and clerics, burned in Venice. From a group of 35, including 14 nobles, tried by the Council of Ten; scandal ensued due to the backgrounds of the accused.^[43]
Fifteen or sixteen unknowns	1407
Domenico di Giovanni	29 July 1420	Decapitated in Florence.^[44]
Alvisio	1421	Burned in Piazza del Mercato, Bologna.^[45]
Francesco Guglielimi	1422	Burned in Piazza del Mercato, Bologna. Guglielmi's house in Valdonica was also burned and his heirs' property was confiscated.^[45]
Stefano da Prato	1422
Francesco Mancini	1 December 1423	Sicilian university law professor and his servant, beheaded in Piazza del Comune, Bologna.^[46]
Antonio Micileto	1 December 1423
Antonio d'Ugolino	9 May 1443	From S. Michele di Mugello, hanged and burned in Florence. Buried in the temple.^[44]
Simon Barbiere Bizzello	28 May 1443 or 20 May 1444	Decapitated in Florence.^[44]^[47]
Mafeo Barbaro	1464	Beheaded and burned in Venice. Their younger (puer) companions, Giovanni Basadona and Giovanni Filippo Priuli, were both exiled for 8 years.^[37]
Ermolao Foscari	1464
Antonio di Giovanni Pucca	17 April 1469	Beccamorto, decapitated in Florence.^[44]
Padano d'Otranto	1474	Beheaded and burned together in Piazza San Marco, Venice, by the Council of Ten. Two from a group of six tried by the Council, and the only ones executed due to their active status; the others received lesser punishments.^[37]
Marino Alegeti	1474
Marco Baffo	11 September 1476	Hanged in Venice by the Council of Ten. Baffo was married to the daughter of Piramo da Veglia.^[48]
Francesco Toniuti	11 September 1476
Francesco Cercato	1480	Hanged between the columns of a square in Venice.^[49]
Marco Baffo	1485	Hanged in Venice.^[50]
Unknown	1490s	17-year-old hanged in Ferrara.^[51]
Geronimo	15 March 1504	Burned in the public square of Vastato, Genoa.^[52]
Giovanni di Piero Masini	25 August 1514	Baker's boy, hanged and burned in the courtyard of the Bargello.^[47]
Unknown	1540	Executed in Bologna.^[53]
Unknown	1541	Executed in Bologna.^[53]
Francesco Fabrizio	1545	Priest of San Giuliano and poet, decapitated and burned by the Council of Ten.^[48]^[54]^[49]
Two unknowns	1547	Executed (one hanged and burned, the other quartered) in Bologna.^[53]
Unknown	1549	Hanged and burned in Bologna.^[53]
Jacopo Bonfadio	19 July 1550	Humanist and historian, beheaded and burnt in Genoa.^[55]
Francesco Calcagno	23 December 1550	Franciscan friar (laicized and expelled), executed in Venice.^[56]
Antonio di Giovanni Bandoni	24 October 1551	Hanged and burned (or quartered) in Florence.^[47]^[57]
Grazia di Negroponte	15 June 1553	Turkish footman; strangled and burned in Pratello, Florence. Converted to Christianity nine months prior. Buried in the temple.^[44]
Messer Rinieri	25 September 1556	56-year-old cathedral canon and man of letters from the Franchi family, hanged and burned in Perugia by Sixtus V for "having repeatedly scaled the walls of the seminary of said Perugia, on behalf of sodomy."^[58]
Gabriele Thomaein	17 February 1559	German from Augsburg, burned in Rome with 3 heretics.^[59]
Baptistam Bariliarum	11 October 1561	Decapitated on a high platform between two columns and burned in Venice.^[60]
Paseto Portador	12 December 1562	Decapitated on a high platform between two columns in Piazza di San Marco, Venice, and burned. Also convicted of homicide.^[60]
Nicola da Germinà	12 July 1565	Burned in Bargello, Milan.^[61]
Ambrogio di Croce	8 April 1566	Hanged and burned in Milan.^[62]
Unknown	July 1566	Young man burned on a bridge in Rome.^[63]
Giuseppe D'Angelo	18 December 1566	From Monte di Trapani (Erice), hanged and burned in Palermo.^[64]
Cornelio Mantovani	1567	Policeman, burned in Bologna.^[53]
Cosimo la Mirabella	13 June 1567	Hanged and burned in Palermo.^[64]
Santoni Giuliano	13 June 1567	Hanged and burned in Palermo.^[64]
Bernardino di Marsala	8 October 1567	Hanged and burned in Palermo.^[64]
Nico	2 December 1567	Becher, beheaded and burned between the two columns of San Zulian, Venice; convicted of sodomy "among other faults", which we were read alound from a platform over the Grand Canal.^[60]
Sebastiano Vita	20 February 1568	Executed and burned in Palermo.^[64]
Unknown	21 August 1568	Young man burned in Rome; many "false doors" were ordered closed that night.^[65]
Valerio	1570	Hanged in Bologna. Surname not reported.^[53]
Luigi Fontino	March 1570	Musician and canon of the Basilica of Nostra Signora di Loreto, laicizied and beheaded in Loreto for relations with a student of his, 16-year-old Luigi Dalla Balla. Giovanni Leonardo Primavera, another lover of Dalla Balla, escaped persecution in 1585.^[66]
Cosimo la Piccola	23 June 1570	Strangled and burned in Palermo.^[64]
Francesco la Motta	7 May 1573	Strangled and burned in Palermo.^[64]
Simone Micara	7 May 1573	Strangled and burned in Palermo.^[64]
Melchiorre di Trapani	24 November 1574	Strangled and burned in Palermo.^[64]
Unknown	25 June 1576	From Pesaro, hanged and burned in Milan.^[62]
Battista	August 1578	From a group of eleven, mostly Portuguese and Spanish, who were arrested in a church near San Giovanni Laterano for organizing same-sex marriage ceremonies, burned in Rome: Battista, an Albanian boatman. Vélez, a Catalan. Herrera, from Toledo. Alfar, from Seville. Robles, from Madrid. Pinto, from Viana do Alentejo. Paz, from Toledo. Martín, from Vitoria. ^[63]^[67]
Antonio de Vélez
Francisco Hererra
Bernardino de Alfar
Alfonso de Robles
Marcos Pinto
Jerómino de Paz
Gaspar de Martín
Luciano lo Terrosi	19 November 1578	Strangled and burned in Palermo.^[64]
Giovanni di Bella	4 December 1578	Hanged and burned in Palermo.^[64]
Giuseppe Benanti	15 May 1579	Strangled in Palermo; also executed was Giacopo di Giacopo, who made false allegations against Giuseppe de Marino in another sodomy trial.^[64]
D. Carlo Barone	3 August 1579	Executed (Barone unknown, Bevaceto beheaded, Russitano and Scolaro strangled) and burned in Palermo. The father of D. Pietro Vinacito paid the court 15,000 scudi to spare the men, but the executions were still carried out.^[64]
Don Paolo Bevaceto
Giacomo Russitano
Antonio Scolaro
Prospero Magri	11 April 1580	Strangled in Palermo.^[64]
Giovanni Bentivoglio	29 July 1580	Hanged and burned in Palermo.^[64]
Fabrizio Lisci	29 July 1580	Hanged and burned in Palermo.^[64]
Matteo Paladino	25 August 1581	Brigand, strangled and burned in Palermo.^[64]
Geronimo Galesi	19 November 1582	Hanged and burned in Palermo.^[64]
Pietro d'Olieri	19 November 1582	Hanged and burned in Palermo.^[64]
Innocenzo Bonamico	2 May 1583	Hanged and burned in Palermo.^[64]
Muscato	2 May 1583	Hanged and burned in Palermo.^[64]
Antonino Polito	18 May 1583	Hanged and burned in Palermo. Also convicted of country theft.^[64]
Lazzarino Almirotto	14 January 1584	Hanged and burned in Palermo.^[64]
Giovanni Borgognone	29 November 1584	Executioner, burned outside of Porta Ticinese, Milan.^[61]
Giuseppe Serio	29 May 1585	Hanged and burned in Palermo for relations with two young beardless men.^[64]
Vincenzo Malatesta	25 June 1585	Hanged and burned in Palermo.^[64]
Leonardo d'Amadeo	2 December 1585	Hanged and burned in Palermo.^[64]
Unknown	9 May 1586	20-year-old pedant (teacher) from Ponticelo, hanged in the Archi and burned in Genoa; tried along with another teacher who was also sentenced to death but it is unknown if he too was executed.^[68]
G. Battista Inbrunetta	26 April 1586	Hanged and burned in Palermo.^[64]
Two unknowns	June 1586	Priest and boy, both burned in Rome even though they had both voluntarily confessed.^[5]
Andrea li Sarti	17 June 1586	Hanged and burned in Palermo.^[64]
Scipione di Nicolò	11 July 1586	Hanged and burned in Palermo for relations with two clean-shaven young men.^[64]
Aurelio Ciafaglione	23 December 1586	Hanged and burned in Palermo for relations with a young beardless man.^[64]
Girolamo Incudina	2 January 1587	Body quartered and displayed in the streets of Palermo. Also convicted of theft and murder.^[64]
Francesco Carlini	1588	Hanged and burned in Bologna. Also convicted of theft and heresy.^[53]
Giuseppe Magliocco	7 January 1588	Hanged and burned in Palermo.^[64]
Don Vincenzo Alteato	14 November 1589	Burned outside Porta Ticinese, Milan; buried in S. Giovanni.^[61]
Giovanni Mazzone	1 February 1590	Hanged in Palermo.^[64]
Bernardino di Camillo	1592	Hanged together in Ponte, Rome, after being led through the city.^[59]
Muzio di Senso	1592
Ottaviano Bargellini	1593	A member of a senatorial family (Bargellini) and a Jew (Orsini), beheaded together in Bologna. Orsini converted to Christianity before the execution as Paolo and his body was displayed in Piazza Maggiore.^[53]^[69]
Allegro Orsini	1593
Antonio d'Assena	24 March 1593	Hanged and burned in Palermo.^[64]
Two unknowns	23 May 1593	Likely hanged and burned after a long trial in Bologna.^[70]
Andria Badulato	24 November 1593	Hanged in Palermo.^[64]
Ioanni Costa	1 June 1594	Hanged in Palermo.^[64]
Leonardo Cortese	30 August 1594	Hanged and burned in Palermo.^[64]
Mariano Pignataro	22 April 1598	Choked and burned in Palermo.^[64]
Mario di Croce	18 January 1599	Partner of nobleman Francesco Sessa, hanged and burned in Milan.^[62]
Gio. Batta Aricardi	3 April 1599	Weaver, partner of nobleman Francesco Sessa, hanged and burned in Milan.^[62]
Paolo Ferrare	27 July 1599	Hanged and burned in Palermo.^[64]
Ausebio Bonhomo	13 August 1599	From Nicosia, hanged and burned in Piano di S. Erasmo, Palermo.^[64]
Alessandro Cabiate	14 August 1599	Partner of nobleman Francesco Sessa, hanged and burned in Milan.^[62]
Petro "Haro" Curchio	22 March 1601	Choked on a stake and burned in Palermo.^[64]
Domenico Galletti	12 September 1601	Strangled and burned on Piano di S. Erasmo, Palermo.^[64]
Francesco Cappadona	28 September 1601	Hanged and burned in Palermo.^[64]
Mustafà Giorgio	4 June 1602	Turkish slave of the Duchess of Maqueda and a Spanish soldier in the company of D. Ernando di Gusman, hanged in Palermo.^[64]
Petro Scudero	4 June 1602
Francesco La Barbara	12 June 1602	Strangled and burned on Piano della Marina, Palermo.^[64]
Bartolo di Bernabeo Aquilanti	27 August 1602	Hanged for "pimping sodomy" in Florence.^[47]
Minico la Sola	20 June 1603	From Partanna, hanged in Palermo.^[64]
Paulu Simonetto	19 April 1606	Hanged in Palermo.^[64]
Giovanni Maria Bonfiglioli	1607	Hanged and burned in Bologna.^[53]
Giovanni Garsè	21 February 1607	Hanged and burned in Palermo.^[64]
Sebastiano/Vespasiano Spalletta	26 March 1607	Hanged in Palermo.^[64]
Giuseppe di Tommaso	27 November 1607	From Castello a Mare (Longbardi), hanged and burned together in Palermo.^[64]
Antonio Longobardi	27 November 1607
Rocco Febo	15 March 1608	City executioner, hanged and burned in Palermo.^[64]
Vincenzo "Bella di Sciacca" d'Amico	17 June 1608	Habitual sodomite, hanged and burned in Palermo.^[64]
Antonio Carcano	22 September 1609	Hanged and burned in Milan.^[62]
Two unknowns	1610	Hanged and burned in Bologna.^[53]
Giovanni di Bernardo Pieri	4 July 1610	Hanged and burned in Florence.^[44]
Vincenzo "Scannaserpi" d'Abbene	1 December 1610	Hanged in Palermo. Also convicted of "field theft".^[64]
Leonardo Rocco	1 December 1610	Hanged in Palermo. Also convicted of "field theft".^[64]
Melchiore "Franzosino" da Verè	15 February 1611	Burned in Milan, buried in S. Giovanni.^[61]
Giovanni Batta d'Antonio	15 July 1611	Cloth weaver, strangled on a stake and burned in Florence.^[44]
Giuseppe Colomba	3 March 1612	From Termini and Castronovo respectively, hanged and burned together in Palermo.^[64]
Paolo Simonetta	3 March 1612
Francesco "Picalupo" Lo Re	11 July 1612	Hanged and burned in Palermo.^[64]
Paolo Zani	1613	Hanged and burned in Bologna.^[53]
Vito Anello	16 July 1613	Hanged in Palermo.^[64]
Caviaro	1613 or 1615	Executioner of Modena, hanged. He mocked the exhortations of clergy at the execution.^[71]
Giacomo Biavati	1614	Porter, hanged and burned in Bologna.^[53]
Orlando Crispo	17 February 1614	Hanged and burned in Palermo.^[64]
Bartolomeo di Giovanni Carletti	30 October 1614	Musician, hanged and burned in Florence.^[44]
Gio. Batta Rovida	24 December 1614	Hanged and burned in Milan.^[62]
Avril or Avrile	1615	Young Provençal, burned in Turin. His lover, Giovan Battista Marino, fled to France.^[72]
Domenico "Meneghino" Facchino	2 March 1615	Hanged and burned in Milan.^[62]
Maurizio "Prè Strazzone" Lana	10 October 1615	Son of Madonna Benedetta, burned in La Vetra, Milan; buried in S. Giovanni.^[61]
Antonio Crotto	14 January 1616	From Bergamo, hanged and burned in Milan.^[62]
Giovanne Corvo	5 May 1617	Hanged in Palermo.^[64]
Paolo "Pizo" Marino	7 June 1618	Hanged in Palermo.^[64]
Cola Ioanni Cassisi	12 April 1619	Hanged in Palermo.^[64]
Giulio di Giovanni Sorbi	9 July 1621	Formerly of Guardia de' Lioni, strangled on a stake and burned in the middle of Pratello, Florence.^[44]
Giovanni Incardona	10 December 1622	Hanged in Palermo.^[64]
Francesco lo Guzzo	7 December 1623	Hanged on Piano della Marina, Palermo.^[64]
Francesco "Cappellitto" Garagazzo	19 December 1623	Hanged in Palermo.^[64]
Petro Costa	19 December 1623	Hanged in Palermo.^[64]
Piero di Marsilio di Marradi	17 July 1627^[b]	34 or 40 and 43, hanged and burned in Florence. Sources are conflicting on details.^[44]^[57]^[73]
Angiolo di Ottavio Cappelli	17 July 1627^[b]
Giovanni Angelo Maggio	19 August 1627	Hanged and burned in Milan.^[62]
Antonio d'Aprile	3 August 1628	Hanged in Palermo.^[64]
Soliman Moro	26 August 1628	Turkish slave, hanged and burned in Palermo.^[64]
Pietro "D. Ramundo" l'Indovino	14 May 1631	Hanged and burned in Palermo.^[64]
Francesco Rotundo	17 April 1632	Hanged and burned in Palermo.^[64]
Vincenzo "Muratore" Dammacanale	12 October 1633	Hanged and burned in Palermo.^[64]
Francesco Turturici	20 June 1634	Hanged in Palermo.^[64]
Lorenzo Bivona	7 August 1634	Hanged in Palermo.^[64]
Filippo Bonanno Xacca/Sciacca	17 July 1638	Hanged in Palermo under the Grande Almirante.^[64]
Blasi Canizzo	5 November 1640	From Licodia, hanged and burned in Palermo.^[64]
Vincenzo Oddo	3 November 1646	Hanged in Palermo.^[64]
Nicolò Morello	22 July 1655	From Ascoli, hanged and burned in Milan.^[62]
Francesco di Vincenzo	22 August 1660	From Viterbo, carried on a cart on a donkey and then beheaded in Florence.^[47]
Bernardino Restello	6 February 1662	Hanged and burned in Milan.^[62]
Giuseppe Colombo	20 December 1664	Hanged and burned in Milan.^[62]
Giuseppe Lopez	1668	Hanged in Naples with Nicola Fanfano. At his execution he admitted that his implication of Fanfano was made under torture, but Fanfano was still hanged.^[74]
Alessandro Borromeo	3 June 1668	20-year-old Paduan noble, son of Girolamo Borromeo, beheaded and burned in Venice by the Council of Ten. Described as "scandalous" and "without Christian law" for seducing his friends.^[48]
Paolo Cricetti	10 December 1668	19-year-old friend of Borromeo, beheaded and burned in Venice.^[48]
Unknown	1686	Hanged in Bologna.^[53]
Giacomo "il Marangone" Redaello	22 April 1692	Tortured, strangled with a noose and burned in Milan; also convicted of other crimes. His accomplices were also tortured.^[75]
Unknown	29 March 1710	Hanged and beheaded in Milan. Voluntarily confessed to having passive and continued relations with his master, along with "treasonous homicide" and robbery; head displayed at Boschi di Longhignana.^[76]
Antonio Fontana	15 September 1724	From Verona, beheaded and burned in Venice. Also convicted of sacrilegious theft.^[77]
Pellegrino Torri	1727	Hanged in Bologna; his eyes and nose were also cut off to render his body unrecognizable.^[53]
Vincenzo Pelliciari	20 July 1727	Hanged in Modena. Publicly boasted that he had married the devil and had regular relations with him, along with other heresies and blasphemies; tried by the Inquisition and executed by the secular wing.^[71]
Giovanni Antonio Cremis	28 May 1736	From Felizzano, hanged and burnt in Alessandria. His accomplice, 15-year-old Giovanni Stefano Barnaba Mordea of Asti, is sentenced to row oars in the royal fleet for 5 years.^[78]
Unknown	12 September 1736	28-year-old barber of the boat in S. Giovanni de' Fiorentini, hanged on the bridge of Sant'Angelo, Rome.^[79]
Giuseppe del già Domenico Rossi	21 October 1747	Hanged and burned in Florence.^[44]
Bernardo Gabrieli	15 May 1748	Cleric, decapitated on a platform between the two columns of St. Mark's, Venice.^[60]
Andrea Brazzoi/Brasola	1749	Mantuan, beheaded and burned in Venice.^[77]
Antonio Lambranzi	31 August 1752	30-year-old becher from Cannaregio, beheaded and burned in Venice by the Council of Ten for "sodomy having used many iniquities".^[48]
Bartolomeo Luisetti	10 April 1764	Son of quondam Antonio of Villa Albese, suffocated and burned in the square of del Brolo, Milan, in front of S. Stefano. Pietro Verri reported on the case, claiming Lusietti was a pederast but that he "had never committed a misdeed in his life".^[76]
Unknown	1771	Monk burned in Venice^[23]

Malta


Name	Date	Notes
Two unknowns	March 1616	Spanish soldier (or sailor^[32]) and a local Maltese bardasso (teenage prostitute^[32]), both burned; execution described by the Scottish traveller William Lithgow.^[80] More than 100 bardassoes fled to Sicily on a galley the following night.^[81]

Netherlands

Name	Date	Notes
Gooswyn de Wilde	1447^[82]	President of the States of Holland, beheaded.^[83]
Unknown	1463	Likely burned by the Court of Holland.^[84]
Unknown	1605	Burned in Middelburg.^[84]
Ingel Harmensz	1643	A young Dutch sailor and a Mardijker, executed (Harmensz drowned, de Sal burned) in Batavia under the VOC.^[85]^[86]
Bento de Sal	1643
Jan van Cleef	1644	A soldier, a Batavia burgher, and a Council of the Indies member, strangled and burned at the orders of Anthony van Diemen.^[85]
Pieter Egbertsz
Joost Schouten
Gerrit Jansz de Wit	1645	Boatswain, drowned in a bag in Batavia, former partner of Joost Schouten.^[85]
Four unknowns	1646	Chinese, burned in Batavia, also convicted of counterfeiting money.^[85]
Two unknowns	1647	A ship's captain and a young boy, executed (the captain burnt and the boy drowned) in Batavia.^[85]
Five unknowns	1647	Chinese, executed (two burned, two strangled and burned, and one drowned) in Malacca, also convicted of counterfeiting money.^[85]
Four unknowns	1648	Chinese, presumed burned in Malacca.^[85]
Six unknowns	1652	A 40-year-old Dane and five "black" boys, executed (the Dane burnt, and the boys drowned) in Batavia.^[85]
Unknown	1676	Executed in Utrecht, one of three defendants (including a burgomaster).^[84]
Two unknowns	1686	Two men, likely drowned in a barrel in Amsterdam.^[84]
Two unknowns	1702	Two men, executed in Rotterdam for having relations in an almoner's house.^[84]
Unknown	1721	Executed in Utrecht.^[84]
Leendert Hasenbosch	1725
Adriaen Spoor	2 December 1727	Dutch sailors from St. Maertensdyck and Ghent, aged 23 and 18 respectively, on the Zeewijk which wrecked on the Houtman Abrolhos on 9 June. While on the islands, they were caught in "the abominable and god-forsaken deeds of Sodom and Gomorrah." They were subsequently marooned on separate rocky islands nearby.^[87]^[88]^[89]
Pieter Engels	2 December 1727
Two unknowns	13 May 1728	Two slaves, drowned together on the Cape of Good Hope; names not recorded.^[90]
Jan Backer	12 June 1730	hanged and burned in the Hague. Backer was a house servant hiring middleman.^[91]
Jan Schut
Frans Verheyden		Occupation unknown, milkman, coat embroiderer, occupation unknown, and servant, hanged and thrown into the sea at Scheveningen with 50-pound weights.^[91]
Cornelius Wassermaar
Pieter Styn
Dirk van Royen
Herman Mouillant
Pieter Marteyn Janes Sohn	24 June 1730	Strangled and burned in Amsterdam. Keep was a decorator.^[91]
Johannes Keep
Maurits van Eeden		House servant and Johannes Keep's servant, age 18, drowned in a barrel in Amsterdam.^[91]
Cornelius Boes
Jan Westhoff	29 June 1730	Soldiers, strangled and buried under the gallows in Kampen.^[92]
Steven Klok	29 June 1730
Leendert de Haas	17 July 1730	60-year-old candlemaker, distiller, and a gentleman's servant, strangled and burnt in Rotterdam, and their ashes dumped from a boat at sea.^[92]
Casper Schroder
Huibert van Borselen
Pieter van der Hal	21 July 1730	Grain carrier, glove launderer, agent, and tavern keeper; hanged and thrown into the sea at Scheveningen with 100-pound weights.^[91]
Adriaen Kuyleman
David Munstlager
Willem la Feber
Antonie Byweegen		Fishmonger, hanged and burned to ashes in the Hague.^[91]
Laurens Hospinjon	16 September 1730	Chief of detectives in the Navy, strangled and thrown in water with a 100-pound weight in Amsterdam.^[91]
Cornelis Palamedes	19 October 1730	Teacher, age 56, half strangled and burnt to ash in Veen near Heusden; previously had relationship with Dirk van Royen (see 12 June 1730).^[92]
Two unknowns	22 September 1731	A drummer and an orphan, beheaded in Groningen.^[92]
Gerrit Loer	24 September 1731	Executions in Zuidhorn: Loer, 48, farmer, scorched alive and strangled before being burnt to ash; had committed sodomy with several persons, including on his way to and from church. Berents, 32, a Liplander, scorched alive and strangled before being burnt to ash. Immes, 45, from Huifinga, strangled to death and burned. Jans, 40 or 41, from Aduwert, strangled to death and burned; no response. Hendrix, 40, from Nieuwkerk, strangled to death and burned; no response. Wygers, 45, from Doefem, strangled to death and burned; no response. Brakel, 37, strangled to death and burned; no response. Rol, 32 or 36,^[93] from Esinga, strangled and burnt; swayed back and forth upon being sentenced and bowed to all present before leaving. Donderen, 30, strangled and burnt; cried out "Oh! Oh!" upon hearing sentence. Egberts, 19, strangled and burnt; corrected the judge when age was listed incorrectly in sentence, and bowed saying "It is all right, sir," before leaving. Peter Cornelisz, 20 or 21, strangled and burnt; appeared to be about to faint as sentence was read but sighed instead. Hendrik Cornelisz, 21, strangled and burnt; said "I forgive you and thank you gentlemen for the sentence which I shall receive." Leuwes, 19, strangled and burned; sighed and quickly left. Idses, 18, strangled and burnt; told the court "I forgive you for the sin you have committed against me." Jan Jansz, 18, strangled and burnt; no response. Cornelis Jansz, 18; told the court "You may see how you direct me." Harms, 16, strangled and burnt; no response. Tamme Jansz, 14, strangled and burnt; remained silent when sentenced. Iacobs, 16^[94] or 18, from Nieuhooven, strangled and burnt; no response. ^[92]^[93]
Hendrick Berents
Asinga Immes
Eysse Jans
Gosen Hendrix
Jan Wygers
Jan Harms Brakel
Mindelt Jansz Rol
Jan Jacobs den Donderen
Jan Egberts
Peter Cornelisz
Hendrik Cornelisz
Hindrik Leuwes
Jan Idses
Jan Jansz
Cornelis Jansz
Gerrit Harms
Tamme Jansz
Thomas Iacobs
Jan van der Lelie		Hanged and thrown into the sea in the Hague.^[91]
Class Blanc	1735	Dutch, executed in Batavia. Jacobsz, a sailor, was formerly accused of sodomy in 1713.^[86]
Rijkaert Jacobsz	1735
Jan Kemmer	1765	Young man executed in Amsterdam. Claimed his first act took place when still in an orphanage and connected to known sodomite networks after an encounter in Amsterdam's town hall's citizens' hall. Named 15 other boys in his confession. Described as "particularly acquainted with the Truths (Biblical truths)."^[84]
Abraham Feijs	1772	19-year-old tailor in Leiden, declared in interrogation he had never slept with a woman and had committed sodomy "hundreds of times". Last execution in Leiden.^[83]
Jillis Bruggeman	9 March 1803	Last person executed for sodomy in Netherlands^[95]

Poland

Name	Date	Notes
Marcin Gołek	9 November 1633	Master baker and his apprentice, burned in Sieradz. Both accused the other of initiating the relationship.^[96]
Wojciech ze Sromotki	9 November 1633

Portugal


Name	Date	Notes
Two unknowns	1621	Effeminate dancers, burned alive in Lisbon. They were part of a group called Dança dos Fanchonos led by 30-year-old mulatto Antonio Rodrigues.^[1]
Santos de Almeida	1645	66-year-old royal chaplain, burned in Lisbon; said to have resided over a "conventicle of fanchonos".^[1]^[5]
Two unknowns	1647	Old Christians, burned for sodomy and religious visions in a Lisbon auto-da-fé.^[97]
Unknown	3 April 1669	Old Christian priest, burned for sodomy in a Lisbon auto-da-fé with 79 Judaizers.^[97]
Unknown	1671	Priest, executed by the Portuguese Inquisition in Lisbon. Last person executed as a fanchono.^[1]

Spain

Name	Date	Notes
Unknown	1290	Moor, burned at Arguedas "for lying with others".^[5]
Juce Abolfaça	1345	Jews from Puente la Reina, burned together at Olite.^[5]^[98]
Simuel Nahamán	1345
Pascoal de Rojas	1346	Burned at Tudela for "heresy with his body".^[5]
Unknown	1373	Servant, burned in Olite for relations with another servant.^[5]
Antoni	1395	Slave of Francesc Peres in Barcelona, burned.^[8]
Mahoma Mofari	1458	Muslim potters in Lleida sentenced to burn for mutual same-sex relations as well as heterosexual relations with Christian prostitutes. Mahoma converted to Christianity and adopted the name Pere Cirera before the execution, so he was drowned before being burned.^[8]
Açen	1458
Margarida Borràs	1460	Cross-dressing transgender woman.
Joan de Llobera	28 May 1464	Llobera, a councilor of Barcelona in 1463, and Polo, an "immoral hermit", were strangled and burnt in La Rambla.^[8]
Bartomeu Polo	28 May 1464
Gaspar Rajadell	21 July 1464	Rajadell and Sori, a scribe, were drowned in a wine bucket and then burnt in La Rambla.^[8]
Joan Sori	21 July 1464
Five unknowns	1476	Burned in Barcelona during a plague attack.^[23]
Six unknowns	1495	Italians, seen hanged upside down by a German traveler in Almeria.^[23]
Two unknowns	1495^[c]	Castilians, seen hanged upside down in the same manner as the Italians by the same German traveler in Madrid.^[23]
Two unknowns	1501–1600^[d]	Two nuns burned for using "material instruments", recorded by Antonio Gomez.^[13]
Twelve unknowns	1506	Dozen men, burned in Seville.^[5]
Salomon Antón^[e]	20 December 1519^[f]	Sicilian master^[g] of the Victoria, strangled and burned under Ferdinand Magellan at Santa Lucia, Brazil. Caught in the act off the coast of Guinea. His partner, Genoese apprentice sailor António Varesa,^[h] drowned on 27 April 1520 when thrown overboard by his shipmates.^[i]^[85]^[99]^[100]^[101]^[102]^[103]
Salvador Vidal	1541	Rural priest, "relaxed" (handed over to be executed) to the secular arm by Saragossa tribunal.^[5]^[23]
Unknown	1546	Layman, burned in a Saragossa auto-da-fé.^[5]
Unknown	1551	Castilian soldier, executed in Saragossa awaiting a public auto-da-fé.^[23]
Four unknowns	1558	A Castilian jurist/lawyer, 2 priests, and a French shepherd boy, all burned in a Saragossa auto-da-fé.^[5]^[23]
Unknown	1566	A French interpreter who lived with the Guale, garroted under the orders of Pedro Menéndez de Avilés at Santa Elena. Pedro's nephew and an ensign told him that he was "a Lutheran and a great sodomite," so he lured the interpreter out by claiming he had presents to give to the cacique. The cacique's oldest son, one of two natives living with the interpreter, cried upon hearing this and begged him "to return at once." The interpreter was killed in secrecy on arrival, and the Guale were told that he had disappeared.^[104]
Three unknowns	1572	Foreigners, burned in a Saragossa auto-da-fé with 9 Aragonese peasants convicted of bestiality along with their animals.^[5]^[23]
Two unknowns	1573	Trinitarian monks, executed in Valencia.^[5]
Martín de Castro	1574	Male prostitute, burned in Madrid; present at the trials of two high-ranking clients, Don Pedro Luis Galceran de Borgia and the Count of Ribagorza, in 1572.^[105]
Miguel Salvador de Morales	25 June 1574	Morales, a Trinitarian friar, and Tafolla had known each other since childhood, even sleeping in the same room. Tafolla had just returned from traveling in Italy and went to Morales's monastery in Valencia, where they were caught; both were burned.^[5]
Baptista Tafolla	25 June 1574
Juan Bautista Finocho	July 1575	Mariner on the galleon San Tadeo, burned in the harbor of La Havana.^[99]
Two unknowns	1579	Teenage boys, executed in Seville for "frolicking in bed together."^[106]
Unknown	1581	Neapolitan, burned for a "habit of Italy" in Seville.^[92]
Diego Maldonado	1585	Sodomite group, burned together in Seville by secular authorities. Maldonado, a member of a "well-to-do family" from Granada, was the group leader.^[92]^[99]^[107]
Salvador Martín
Alonso Sánchez
Five unknowns
Muyuca or Machuco^[106]	1585	African, probably a freed slave, burned in Seville as a alcahuete (procurer). Described as "very well known for the dealings he had with good-looking gentlemen."^[106] He wore a ruff, cosmetics, and a wig at his execution, likely as forced humiliation rather than by choice.^[92]
Seven unknowns	1587	7 adolescents under 21 years old, executed^[j] in Aragon (Saragossa).^[23]^[105]
Gaspar Arrimen	1588	Moriscos in Valencia, both age 20; both burned.^[5]
Pedro Alache	1588	Moriscos in Valencia, both age 20; both burned.^[5]
Two unknowns	1588	17-year-olds, executed in Aragon (Saragossa).^[23]^[105]
Two unknowns	1588	French, burned in Seville.^[92]
Twelve unknowns	1600	Dozen men, burned in Seville.^[107]
Gerónimo Ponce de Leon	1603	Mulattoes, tried and executed by the Audencia de la Casa de la Contratación in Seville.^[108]
Domingo López	1603
Unknown	1604	Street vendor of Triana, burned in Seville; described as "fat, deaf, and blind."^[109]
Jose Estravagante	1607	Galley prisoners, 31 and 20, respectively; Teixidor had been convicted of sodomy and Estravagente of another crime. Fellow prisoners denounced they were having an affair and they were subsequently burned in Valencia by the Inquisition.^[5]
Bartolomeo Teixidor	1607
Two unknowns	1616	Colored, burned in Seville. Names not recorded.^[92]
Nicolas Gonzales	1625	20-year-old prostitute from Orihuela and those he implicated under questioning (including 7 slaves, such as a 40-year-old Turk), burned together in Valencia. He named over 60 men and boys when questioned. Gonzales admitted to not only prostituting himself, but also procuring others his age (usually to slaves).^[106] 128 quintals of wood were needed to burn all 12 over a 7-hour period, "something never seen or heard of in Valencia".^[1]^[105]
Eleven unknowns	1625
Two unknowns	1626	Executed in Valencia outside of the inquisition palace "without making a noise".^[5]
Unknown	1640	Burned in Granada.^[105]
Unknown	1647	Burned in a Barcelona auto-da-fé.^[5]
Francisco	1648	Portuguese mulatto, tried and executed by the Audencia de la Casa de la Contratación in Seville.^[108]
Juan Chapinero	1651	Two blacks (one free, the latter a slave), publicly garroted and their corpses burnt in Mexico City.^[108]
Nicolás	1651
Juan de la Cruz	March 1670	Indigenous resident of La Lagunilla, publicly burned in the public market of San Juan, Mexico City on a Monday at 4:00 PM.^[108]
Five unknowns	25 June 1671	Two mulattoes and three blacks, burned in San Lázaro, Mexico City; caught in the act at Juan de Ávila's mill in Mixcoac. The site of their execution is today the location of Mexico's national archives.^[108]
Seven unknowns	13 November 1673	A group of mulattoes, blacks, and mestizos, burned in Mexico City; caught in the act in the same textile mill.^[108]
Two unknowns	20 November 1686	A mulatto and a mestizo, burned together in Mexico City; a black man was publicly shamed as an accomplice.^[108]
Two unknowns	February 1735	Sentenced to death and their corpses burned in Mexico City "for the grave crime of Sodomy"; case reported in the Gazeta de México.^[108]
Two unknowns	27 August 1738	Indigenous, sentenced to burn in Mexico City for the "nefarious crime"; on the way to be executed, members of the local cofradía accompanied them.^[108]
Unknown	23 June 1784	"The nefarious offender of this royal jail", burned in Mexico City and his body reduced to ashes in the accustomed site.^[108]

Sweden

Name	Date	Notes
Lisbetha Olsdotter	November 1679

Switzerland

Name	Date	Notes
Lord Haspisperch	1277	German-Swiss aristocrat, burned by Rudolph I in Basel. Unknown if politically motivated.^[5]
Friedrich	1399	Cook, burned in Basel; his partner, Friedrich Schregelin, was banished.^[7]
Hermann von Hohenlandberg	1431	Burgher and noble, accused of robbing travelers outside of Zurich in 1419; executed for multiple relationships with male adolescents.^[7] Reportedly offered a 14-year-old "clothes" for accompanying him.^[26]
Two unknowns	1444	Bishop of Geneva's personal chef, a Greek, and his Genevan partner, both hanged;^[92] first executions in Geneva for sodomy.^[13]
Two unknowns	1464	Sexton of a pilgrimage church and a boy, both burned in Einsiedeln.^[7]
Eighteen unknowns	1474	Captured Lombard mercenaries, burned in Basel.^[7]
Richard Puller von Hohenburg	24 September 1482	Alsatian nobleman and knight and his servant, burned in Zurich.
Anton Mätzler	24 September 1482
Hans Zogg	1489	Burned in Lucerne.^[7]
Uli im Tann	1489	Burned in Lucerne.^[7]
Hans Waldmann (mayor)	6 April 1489	Executed for multiple crimes, including sodomy.
Jehan Ruaulx	1493	Pastry chef in Fribourg, returned from France with an ear and his penis missing for attempted sodomy in Sisteron; confessed to relations with men, including a cleric, in Lausanne and Fribourg.^[7]
Heinrich Baltschmid	1506	Burned in Lucerne.^[7]
Felix Bluntschli
Caspar Noll
Hans Honegger
Jacob von Schloss	1515	Burned in Zurich;^[7] arrested for theft, found to have had relations with several men of superior age and economic status. First seduced by a notary in the Savoy court of Geneva, he blamed the welsch (French, Savoyards, etc.) of introducing "such viciousness" to Germans.^[110]
Andres von Tschafel	1519	Broken on the wheel and burned in Lucerne.^[7]
Blasius Hipold	1519	Burned in Lucerne.^[7]
Bonifaz Dorn	27 January 1519	Decapitated in Lucerne.^[7]
Johannes Nusser	1520	Broken on the wheel in Lucerne.^[7] Case brought before council of Lucerne after it was discovered he had been given a jacket for having sex with a man under a bridge in Rome. Confessed to sex with "human and animals, women and men, boys and adult men, Italians and Germans, laypeople and clerics" while serving as papal guard in Rome. Rewarded lavishly with "three double jackets" for prostituting himself to a monk in a stable. Nusser also acted as a priest, having "sermonized and heard confession."^[26]
Hans Propstli	1525	Decapitated and burned; first execution in Solothurn,^[7] blamed the welsch.^[111]
Hans Fritschi	1530	Monastery laborer from Pfungen, decapitated in Schaffhausen.^[7] Tried alongside Hans Räs for "unchristian and heretical (sodomitical) acts". They had met while working in Rheinau monastery two years prior. Fritschi asked to be decapitated instead of burned, a mercy the court granted. Fritschi was likely 15 to 25, Räs probably the same or slightly older. Räs also gave Fritschi a new pair of pants for Christmas. Räs, the instigator, may have been fugitive after the trial.^[26]
Balthasar Bar	1532	Drowned in Lucerne,^[7] blamed the welsch.^[111]
Conrat Mulibach	1533	Burned in St. Gallen.^[7]
Marx Anthon	1537	Burned in Zurich.^[7]
Jorg Sigler	1537	Burned in Lucerne.^[7]
Bonifacius Amerbach	1538	Burned in Schaffhausen.^[7]
Uli Rugger	1540	Decapitated in Zurich.^[7]
Hans Blatter	1540	Burned in Zurich.^[7]
Jacob Muller	1545	Decapitated and burned in Zurich.^[7]
Unknown	1550	Young French man, hanged in Geneva.^[91]
Jean Fontaine	1554 or 1555	Executed in Geneva, was involved with Branlard (see 1561).^[112]
Unknown	1556	French man, hanged in Geneva.^[13]
Five unknowns	1560	Three Turkish galley slaves and two French Catholics from a captured Savoy fort, burned together by Genevan forces. The slaves first admitted to the act, and implicated the Catholics when questioned.^[5]
Guillaume Brancard/Branlard	1561	Drowned in Geneva.^[113] His partner, Ramel, was given a reduced sentence due to his age. Branlard had never had a relationship with a woman per court records.^[112]
Thoni Ruttiman	1561	Hanged in Zurich.^[7]
Pierre Jobert	1562	French, had a long-standing relationship; both drowned in Geneva.^[112]^[13]
Thibaud Lespligny	1562
Unknown	1566	Italian student, age 22, drowned in Geneva.^[13]
Bartholomé Tecia	10 June 1566	Piedmontese student, age 15, drowned in Geneva.^[114]
Rudolf Bachmann	1567	Decapitated and burned in Zurich.^[7]
Uli Frei	1567	Decapitated and burned in Zurich.^[7]
Unknown	1568	French man, drowned in Geneva.^[13]
Francoise-Jeanne Morel	1568	Itinerant plague worker accused of molesting a woman she was sharing a bed with, Morel had admitted to fornication with a male 5 years earlier. She initially used this to deny the charge but later retracted this, and subsequently admitted her guilt under torture, and admitted to having relations with both men and women (she had never taken money for sex). She was subsequently drowned.^[92]^[115]
Wilhelm von Muhlhausen	1579	Burned in Zurich.^[7]
Unknown	28 May 1586	Burned between Lenzburg and Aarau.^[116]
Two unknowns	1590	French soldier, age 25, and his valet (also French), age 18; both burned in Geneva.^[92]^[13]
Three unknowns	1590	Turkish galley slaves, burned in Geneva.^[13]
Jean Chaffrey	February 1590	Two Europeans (Chaffrey, age 20, from Dauphine; Chappuis, age 15, Genevan) and 3 Muslim converts to Calvinism (Mohamet, age 35, from Martara; Assan, age 20, from Turkey; and Arnaud, age 34, from Rumania) executed following trial for group homosexuality in Geneva. A 3rd European was acquitted.^[115]
Etienne Chappuis
Tatare Mohamet
Assan
Ali Arnaud
Franciscus de Rouiere	1596	Burned in Sankt Gallen.^[7]
Pierre Dufour	13 November 1600	Genevan citizen and his partner, a local peasant. Brelat, a cowherd, openly boasted about their relationship due to Dufour's high social standing, but Brelat claimed Dufour was guilty of buggery (but not a bugger itself) after a violent fistfight.^[112] Both were subsequently drowned.^[92]^[117]
Pierre Brelat	13 November 1600
Jephat Scheurmann	1609	Possibly executed in Lucerne;^[7] claimed to have been "seduced" as a young man "in foreign countries" by an apprentice from Fribourg.^[110]
Pierre Canal	2 February 1610^[118]	Official burned in Geneva. Arrested for treason and homicide, confessed under torture.^[92]
Three unknowns	1610	3 partners of Pierre Canal, including a gatekeeper, all drowned.^[13]
Jean de la Rue	1617	Age 80, arrested for making a pass in an inn. Openly admitted to having had relations with many people in Geneva and elsewhere "for pleasure, for grain, and for poverty".^[112] Burned^[115] after this single interrogation.^[112]
Unknown	1621	Catholic Savoyard, age 50, burned in Geneva.^[13]
Melchior Brütschli	1629	Executed in Lucerne.^[7]
Unknown	1634	Neapolitan, burned in Geneva; his partner, his French valet, banished.^[13]
Two unknowns	1647	Italians, executed (one hanged and the other burned) in Geneva.^[13]

United Kingdom

The details of the accusation are often not given in contemporary sources, with euphemisms such as "unnatural offence" used. However, such terms were also used to describe bestiality, non-consensual acts, and crimes against minors. Due to this, sources discussing and listing capital offences for homosexuality, including the table below, may inadvertently include men executed for such offences.

Name	Date	Notes
Peter Chambers	5 October 1609	Catholic seminarian who converted to Protestantism, hanged in Exeter. He was convicted of sodomy with one of his choirboys at the Exeter assizes; he lived in Exeter Cathedral "to teach the singing boys" under Matthew Sutcliffe's sponsorship. Chambers protested at his execution that in Italy he was able to suppress his urges as a Catholic, but quickly relapsed in Protestantism.^[119]^[120]
Mervyn Tuchet	1631	2nd Earl of Castlehaven, executed for sodomy with his male servants and procuring the rape of his wife.
William Plaine	1646	Founder of Guilford, Connecticut, executed in New Haven. Plaine, despite being married, had committed sodomy with "two persons in England" and had "corrupted a great part of the youth of Guilford" (reason for execution unknown).^[121]^[122]
Francis Dilly	4 February 1679	Non-white sailor on the Jersey, executed as chief ringleader of a 4-man sodomite group at Port Royal. Other three members spared as they were white, "white men being scarce among us."^[20]^[123]
Unknown	September 1684	Young man, hanged in Portsmouth; name not recorded.^[20]
James Hunt	25 August 1743	Hunt was a barge builder aged 37 and Collins was 57, a former weaver and soldier. They were accused of sodomy together in a toilet at Pepper Alley in Southwark, near London Bridge, which they each denied though their accounts differed. Their trial was at Surrey assizes 4 August and they were hanged at Kennington Common.^[124]^[125]
Thomas Collins	25 August 1743
Richard Arnold	15 September 1753	Arnold was around 60 and the landlord of the Lamb and Flag and Critchard was a footman aged around 20. They were convicted 31 August 1753 of felony and buggery for an act witnessed in the Swan Inn, Broad Street, Bristol. They were hanged together at St. Michael's Hill; they declined to implicate anyone else and Arnold was reported to have kissed Critchard's hand before the cart was pulled from under them.^[126]^[127]^[128]^[129]
William Critchard^[130]	15 September 1753
Joseph Wright	15 August 1755	Trial at Coventry assizes.^[131] Hanged on Whitley Common. Wright admitted that he had been guilty of sodomy, but never with Grimes, while Grimes said that he had never committed any such offence. Wright was also found guilty of killing Mr. Warner of Winhall.^[132]
Thomas Grimes	15 August 1755
Richard Whatley^[133]	23 March 1776	Trial at Hampshire assizes 5 March. Whatley, aged 41 and also known as Richard Churchill, was convicted of sodomy against Benjamin Dupre, a coachman employed by Lovell Stanhope. He admitted that he had attempted the offence (which took place at Avington), but had not actually committed it.^[134]
Benjamin Loveday	12 October 1781	Trial at Bristol assizes.^[135] Hanged on St Michael's Hill. Loveday worked as a waiter before keeping a public house on Tower Street, Bristol while Burke was a midshipman, and they were accused of sexual activity together that they denied. Loveday was also accused by James Morgan. Joseph Giles and James Lane were also accused with Loveday, but were only sentenced for misdemeanours, and William Ward was acquitted. Loveday may have been running a molly house.^[136]^[137]
John Burke	12 October 1781
John Lad or Ladd^[138] (one source says Thomas)^[124]	10 April 1786	A Methodist preacher, he was tried at Surrey assizes on 22 March and taken from New Gaol to be hanged on Peckham Common.
Thomas Crispin^[139]^[140]	17 August 1787	Trial at Devon assizes 30 July. Hanged at Heavitree gallows near Exeter. Crispin, aged 45, was a potter from Pilton who had been living in a workhouse for seven years. His co-accused Hugh Gribble was reprieved owing to mental incapacity. Crispin acknowledged his guilt but showed no remorse.
John Southwell	3 April 1790	Trial at Suffolk assizes in Bury 17 March. Hanged at Rushmere Heath.^[141]^[142]
John Smith	3 April 1790
Henry Allen	1797	Captain of the sloop Rattler, hanged for sodomy on the ships' yardarm "despite his rank and excellent social connections."^[23]^[143]^[144]
William Powell^[141]	30 August 1797	Powell was a pauper at Melford workhouse. His trial was at Suffolk assizes on 9 August. He was hanged at Bury St Edmunds at the age of 70, but he did not confess.^[145]^[146]
Joseph Bird^[147]	26 August 1803	Trial at Warwickshire assizes, executed in Warwick. Bird was a Methodist, convicted on the testimony of John Privett. Privett withdrew his statement, only to then say this was because Bird's son bribed him.
Mathuselah Spalding aka Methuselah.^[148]^[149]^[150]	8 February 1804	His trial was at the Old Bailey in November, where he was convicted of having "a venereal affair" with James Hankinson. He was hanged at Newgate. He was hanged with a forger, Ann Hurle - they were led out of Debtor's Door and rather than the New Drop they were hanged by a cart being driven from under them.
David Robertson^[151]^[152]^[153]	13 August 1806	Trial at the Old Bailey and executed at Newgate after attempting suicide. Robertson was 48 years old and said to keep a brothel at Charles Street, Covent Garden. He was convicted of an offence with 17-year-old George Foulston.
James Stockton aka Samuel Stockton^[152]^[154]^[155]^[156]^[157]^[158]	13 September 1806	Known as the Remarkable Trials, twenty seven men aged 17 to 84 from in and around Warrington, Manchester, and Liverpool were arrested in May 1806 for sodomy and nine were tried by John Borron and Richard Gwillym at the Lancaster assizes. Harry Cocks notes that the arrests came amid concerns post-1789 about Jacobins and other men meeting in private. Men of different social classes, they met among other places on Mondays and Fridays at Hitchin's house in Great Sankey, Cheshire, and were said by the press to be Freemasons and call each other "brother". Holland was a rich pawnbroker and there were rumours that members of the gentry were involved with the group, even members of Parliament. Those hanged were convicted on the testimonies of John Knight and Thomas Taylor, members of the group who gave evidence to avoid being hanged themselves. Rix also testified that sodomy was widespread and considered normal in Warrington, Manchester, and Liverpool, describing casual encounters in the street, but the magistrate refused a deal, while Hitchin denied the charges. Stockton, Holland and Powell were hanged at Lancaster castle on 13 September, and Hitchin and Rix later that month after they were further interrogated to find other conspirators. Joshua Newsom and George Ellis were found guilty of lesser offences and the rest were acquitted. The magistrates attempted to investigate further, but were stopped by the Home Office.
Joseph Holland
John Powell
Isaac Hitchin^[152]^[154]	27 September 1806	Part of the "Remarkable Trials"
Thomas Rix	27 September 1806	Part of the "Remarkable Trials"
William Billey^[159]^[160]	31 March 1808	Aged 45, he was accused of an offence against Thomas Douglas of Crayford and for attempted offences against others. His trial was at Kent Lent Assizes in Maidstone, and he was hanged on Penenden Heath. He had no family and the Kentish Gazette said he "appeared a perfect idiot".
Richard Neighbour^[159]^[161]^[162]	24 November 1808	Neighbour of Gresse Street, Rathbone Place, aged 26, was convicted of a crime against the body of Joshua Archer, aged 17 or 18, an apprentice to an engraver. Attempts were made to bribe Archer to leave the country. Neighbour was sentenced to hang at the Old Bailey in October 1808, but he poisoned himself with arsenic at Newgate the next month, less than a week before his execution was due.
James Bartlett^[163]	4 April 1809	Trial at Surrey Assizes, executed at Horsemonger Lane Gaol. He was buried at Limehouse and left £1,500 to his daughter.
Samuel Mounser^[164]	31 August 1810	Trial at the Chelmsford Summer Assizes, from Stanford-le-Hope
Thomas White	7 March 1811	Main article: Vere Street Coterie Ensign John Newball Hepburn, in his forties, and Drummer Thomas White, 16, tried at the Old Bailey and hanged in front of Newgate Prison, London^[165]^[166]
John Hepburn	7 March 1811
David Thompson Myers^[167]^[168]^[169]	4 May 1812	Myers was a draper of Stamford, accused by Thomas Crow (or Crowe), an 18-year-old apprentice to a tailor, Mr. Horden of Stamford. Myers was acquitted in Lincolnshire due to Crow being suspected of lying, but he was then convicted at trial at Peterborough accused again by Crow of offences at Burghley Park. Myers was hanged at Fengate, Peterborough, the last man to be publicly executed in the city.
George Godfrey^[170]^[171]	1 April 1813	Godfrey was a butler in the house of Mr. Atkinson at Lee, who was indicted for "unnatural offences" with a footman, Henry Greenhurst, from May to December 1812. The latter was "unconscious of the heinous character of the offence" and told another servant, who informed Mr. Atkinson. Godfrey was hanged at Penenden Heath.
Henry Youens^[172]^[173]	18 August 1814	Trial at the Kent Assizes in Maidstone, hanged at Penenden Heath. Ottaway, 33, and Youens, 21, were soldiers.
John Ottaway (spelled variously Ottoway, Otooway, Ottway, and Otway)	18 August 1814
Abraham Adams^[174]^[175]^[176]	26 July 1815	Trial at the Old Bailey, hanged aged 51 at Newgate alongside Elizabeth Fenning
John Charles	1 February 1816	Sailors on the HMS Africaine under captain Edward Rodney, hanged at Portsmouth at 11 AM. Two other men, John Parsons and Joseph Hubbard, were whipped, with Hubbard receiving less lashes than Parsons due to medical concerns. Many reports of sodomy surfaced onboard the ship during its four-year tour of the East Indies, with Westerman being named as a participant from the start. For the first incident, Westerman was demoted from captain's servant boy to ordinary crewman, with further demotion for a later incident. More incidents surfaced until the ship returned to England in 1815, and an investigation was ordered by the Royal Navy. The initial 23 suspects identified in December 1815 was reduced to just four (Westerman, Joseph Tall, Seraco, and Treake). The origins of the sodomy amongst the crew was determined to be Seraco and Treake, both Italians. Seraco was condemned with Charles (a prisoner), Treake was initially pardoned with Joseph Tall but re-condemned with Westerman.^[177]^[178]^[179]^[180]
Raphael Seraco^[k]
Raphael Treake^[l]
John Westerman
George Siggins^[181]	21 August 1817	Trial at Kent Assizes in Maidstone for a crime in Chatham, executed on Penenden Heath
Joseph Charlton^[182]^[183]^[184]	14 April 1819	A watchmaker aged 26 who was tried at the Guildhall, Newcastle and hanged at Morpeth. His funeral was attended by 2000 people.
John Markham^[184]^[185]^[186]^[187]	29 December 1819	A pauper aged 26 who was an inmate at St. Giles's workhouse, his hanging was heard by John Cam Hobhouse, who was being held at Newgate. Hobhouse noted in his diary, "Tis dreadful hanging a man for this practice".
Thomas Foster^[188]^[189]^[190]	3 May 1820	Trial at Kent Assizes and hanged at Penenden Heath. Convicted of an offence with John Whyneard (charged as an accomplice, but not hanged) at the Isle of Sheppey.
John Holland^[191]^[192]	25 November 1822	Aged 42 and 32 respectively, tried at the Old Bailey and executed at Newgate.
William King^[191]^[192]	25 November 1822
William Arden^[193]^[194]^[195]^[196]	21 March 1823	Respectively a gentleman and half-pay officer aged 35, a valet to the Duke of Newcastle aged 36, and a cabinet maker aged 35, they were tried at Lincoln Assizes by Mr. Justice Park and convicted on the evidence of a 19-year-old apprentice draper named Henry Hackett. A love letter from Hackett to Candler had been addressed to the Duke to save on postage: the Duke received and read the letter and had Hackett confronted, upon which he also implicated Doughty and Arden, who had associated with each other in Grantham in summer 1822. They were part of a group of up to 36 men led by Arden, who went on hunger strike in jail. The convicted men were hanged at Lincoln Castle.
Benjamin Candler
John Doughty
Charles Clutton^[197]^[198]	13 August 1824	Aged 25, he was charged in June 1824 with Charles Paul, aged 17, for an offence at Weedon Bec barracks in May 1823 - they were both privates in the 53rd regiment. He was sentenced by Mr. Justice Holroyd and hanged at the New Drop, Northamptonshire
Joseph Bennett^[199]	20 April 1825	Aged about 30 and from Witney and aged 22 and from Radstock, respectively, they were hanged at Ilchester Gaol in Somerset
George Maggs	20 April 1825
Captain Henry Nicholl (also reported as Nichol and Nicholls)	12 August 1833	A 50-year-old veteran of the Peninsular War, Nicholl was hanged at Horsemonger Lane Gaol in Southwark, London. He was renounced by his prominent family, and his body was handed over to a hospital for dissection as they refused to accept it for burial.^[200]^[201]
George Cropper^[202]^[203]	26 December 1833	A 26-year-old soldier, he was convicted of an offence at Deptford with a fellow soldier, Charles Pike, who was aged 18, but Pike was acquitted. Cropper was hanged at New Sessions House in Maidstone, the same day as a rapist.
John Spershott (also reported as John Sparshott and John Sparsholt)^[204]^[205]^[206]	22 August 1835	A labourer aged 19, he was convicted of an offence with George Howard (who was not charged) at Mid Lavant and hanged at Horsham, Surrey, alongside a burglar. "Spershott's hanging was perhaps the last occasion at which was performed the folk ritual of the hangman passing the dead man's hands over the neck and bosoms of young women as a cure for glandular enlargements."
John Smith	27 November 1835	The last two men to be hanged for homosexuality in England
John Pratt	27 November 1835	The last two men to be hanged for homosexuality in England

^[207]

References

^ Also given as "Rozieres"
^ Date also given as 21 October 1627 and 27 July 1654.
^ No date given; presumed to be same year.
^ 16th century; exact date unknown.
^ Also named as Antonio Salamone and Antonio Salomón
^ Date also given as 20 September 1519
^ Also listed as quartermaster
^ Also named as Antonio Ginovés, also listed as a "ship's boy" or "grummet"
^ Also reported as a suicide or execution, with some sources stating he too was sentenced to death.
^ Both for homosexuality and bestiality; no details given.
^ Also named Ralph Serraco
^ Also named Raphaelo Troyac

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External links

Claude Courouve, Procès de sodomie en France, (1307-1783). (In French)
Stefano Bolognini & Giovanni Dall'Orto, List of executions for sodomy in Italy (1293-1782) (in Italian), "WikiPink".

v t e Criminalization of homosexuality
Death penalty	Afghanistan Brunei Iran Mauritania Saudi Arabia Uganda (Anti-Homosexuality Act, 2023) Yemen
Active	British colonies (Section 377, 1860–) Malaysia (1860–, with caning) Uganda (1894–)
Invalidated	Ecuador (1871-1997) India (Section 377, 1861–2018) Sri Lanka (Article 365, 1883–) United States
Repealed	Australia (1975/1997) Brazil (1533–1830) Canada (?–1969) Cyprus (Section 171, 1929–1998) Germany (Paragraph 175, 1871–1969/1994) New Zealand (1840–1986) Singapore (Section 377A, 1938–2007/2022) Norway (Section 213, ?–1972) Romania (Article 200, 1968–1996/2001) Russia (1832–1917, 1933–1993) South Africa (Section 20A, 1969–2007) United Kingdom (1533–1967/1982)
Related articles	Decriminalization of homosexuality Sodomy law LGBT rights Sharia law