Bobgunnia madagascariensis

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Bobgunnia madagascariensis

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Bobgunnia madagascariensis

Pod fragment and seeds
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Fabales
Family:	Fabaceae
Subfamily:	Faboideae
Genus:	Bobgunnia
Species:	B. madagascariensis
Binomial name
*Bobgunnia madagascariensis* (Desv.) J.H.Kirkbr. & Wiersema
Synonyms^[1]
Swartzia madagascariensis Desv. Swartzia marginata Benth. Swartzia sapini De Wild.

Bobgunnia madagascariensis (Bambara: samagara), also called the snake bean plant,^[2] is a species of legume in the family Fabaceae. Sometimes sold as "Pau Rosa", along with Bobgunnia fistuloides.

Description

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Bobgunnia madagascariensis is a small deciduous tree, 3–4 m tall. The plant has large pods that turn dark when ripe.^[2]

Ecology

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The larvae of Abantis zambesiaca feed on B. madagascariensis.

Toxicity

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Bobgunnia madagascarensis is toxic.^[3]

Applications

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Poison composed of the roasted seeds of Bobgunnia madagascariensis and innards of the beetle Diamphidia nigroornata is applied to the arrows of the Bushmen.^{[citation needed]} Seeds, fruits and stem bark are also used in fishing by poisoning in Africa.^[4]

Chemistry

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The methanolic extract of the fruit of B. madagascariensis contains a saponin tetraglycoside.^[5]

The root bark of B. madagascariensis contains quinone methide diterpenes.^[6]

The seed pod contains two acidic saponins, swartziasaponin A and B and swartziagenin, a mixture of oleanolic and O-acetyloleanolic acid.^[7] The pod methanolic extract yields highly glycosylated flavonoids (glycosides of kaempferol and quercetin).^[8]

The crude chloroform and methanol extracts of the stem bark of the plant show strong feeding deterrent activity against stored-product insect pest of maize Tribolium castaneum with the two compounds, methyl paraben and lupeol, being identified in these extracts.^{[citation needed]}

Other compounds in B. madagascariensis are (−)-maackiain, (−)-medicarpin, gypsogenin 3-O-rhamnosylglucuronide, (−)-homopterocarpin, pterocarpin, 4-methoxymedicarpin, 4-methoxymaackiain, 4-methoxyhomopterocarpin, 4-methoxypterocarpin, anhydrovariabilin and coumestrol dimethyl ether.^[9]

References

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^ "The Plant List".
^ ^a ^b Hyde, M. A.; Wursten, B. T.; Ballings, P.; Coates Palgrave, M. (2015). "Bobgunnia madagascariensis (Desv.) J.H. Kirkbr. & Wiersama". Flora of Zimbabwe. Retrieved 4 December 2015.
^ Perchman, GE (1978). "Toxicity of Swartzia madagascarensis Desv". Journal of the South African Veterinary Association. 49 (4): 362. PMID 752087.
^ Neuwinger, H.D. (2004). "Plants used for poison fishing in tropical Africa". Toxicon. 44 (4): 417–30. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2004.05.014. PMID 15302524.
^ Wolfender, J.-L; Rodriguez, S; Hostettmann, K (1998). "Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the screening of plant constituents". Journal of Chromatography A. 794: 299. doi:10.1016/S0021-9673(97)00939-4.
^ Schaller, Frédéric; Wolfender, Jean-Luc; Hostettmann, Kurt; Mavi, Steven (2001). "New Antifungal 'Quinone Methide' Diterpenes fromBobgunnia madagascariensis and Study of Their Interconversion by LC/NMR". Helvetica Chimica Acta. 84: 222. doi:10.1002/1522-2675(20010131)84:1<222::AID-HLCA222>3.0.CO;2-R.
^ Jewers, K.; Coker, R.D.; Dougan, J.M.; Sandberg, F. (1971). "Swartziagenin: A mixture of oleanolic and O-acetyloleanolic acids". Phytochemistry. 10 (9): 2263. doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97243-1.
^ Stevenson, Philip C.; Nyirenda, Stephen P.; Veitch, Nigel C. (2010). "Highly glycosylated flavonoids from the pods of Bobgunnia madagascariensis". Tetrahedron Letters. 51 (36): 4727. doi:10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.07.013.
^ "KNApSAcK keyword Search". kanaya.naist.jp. Archived from the original on 2014-12-13. Retrieved 2017-08-04.

External links

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Media related to B. madagascariensis at Wikimedia Commons

Bobgunnia madagascariensis in West African plants – A Photo Guide.

Taxon identifiers
Bobgunnia madagascariensis	Wikidata: Q2908048 Wikispecies: Bobgunnia madagascariensis APDB: 71053 CoL: M8BD EoL: 641852 GBIF: 2981738 GRIN: 443643 iNaturalist: 468544 IPNI: 995543-1 IRMNG: 10578507 IUCN: 62021198 NCBI: 149635 Open Tree of Life: 476515 Plant List: ild-39135 POWO: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:995543-1 Tropicos: 50091333 WFO: wfo-0000192568
Swartzia madagascariensis	Wikidata: Q39123655 APDB: 68335 CoL: 7B5RF EPPO: SWRMA GBIF: 5360525 GRIN: 35939 IPNI: 519941-1 IRMNG: 10697321 POWO: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:519941-1 Tropicos: 13033277 WFO: wfo-0000171581

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