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A helper virus is a virus that allows an otherwise-deficient coinfecting virus to replicate. These can be naturally occurring as with Hepatitis D virus, which requires Hepatitis B virus to coinfect cells in order to replicate. Helper viruses are also commonly used to replicate and spread viral vectors for gene expression and gene therapy.^[1]

References

^ Graham BS, Crowe JE, Ledgerwood JE (2007). "14 - Immunization Against Viral Diseases". In Knipe DM, Howley PM (eds.). Fields Virology (6 ed.). Wolters Kluwer Health. p. 403.

v t e Microbiology: Virus
History Introduction Social history of viruses Virology
Components	Capsid Viral envelope Viral protein
Viral life cycle	Viral entry Viral replication Viral shedding Viroplasm Virus latency Lytic cycle Lysogenic cycle
Genetics	Antigenic drift Antigenic shift Phenotype mixing Reassortment Viral evolution
By host	Animal virus Bacteriophage Virophage Human virome Mycovirus Plant virus
Other	Antiviral drug Giant virus Helper virus Viral vector Helper dependent virus Laboratory diagnosis of viral infections Marine viruses Neurotropic virus Oncovirus Satellites Viral disease Viral load Virus-like particle Virus classification Virus quantification Virome Virosphere
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Self-replicating organic structures

Cellular life

Bacteria
Archaea
Eukaryota
- Animalia
- Fungi
- Plantae
- Protista
Incertae sedis
- Parakaryon
- Biological dark matter

Virus

Subviral
agents

Viroid

Pospiviroidae
Avsunviroidae

Helper-virus
dependent

Satellite	ssRNA satellite virus dsDNA satellite virus (Virophage) ssDNA satellite virus ssDNA satellite dsRNA satellite ssRNA satellite (Virusoid) Satellite-like nucleic acids RNA DNA
Other	Defective interfering particle RNA DNA

Prion

Nucleic acid
self-replication

Mobile genetic elements	Mobilome Horizontal gene transfer Genomic island Transposable element Class I or retrotransposon Class II or DNA transposon Plasmid Fertility Resistance Col Degradative Virulence/Ti Cryptic Cosmid Fosmid Phagemid Group I intron Group II intron Retrozyme
Other aspects	DNA replication RNA replication Chromosome Linear Circular Extrachromosomal DNA Secondary chromosome Genome Gene Gene duplication Non-coding DNA Origin of replication Replicon Endogenous viral element Provirus Prophage Endogenous retrovirus Transpoviron Repeated sequences in DNA Tandem repeat Interspersed repeat

Endosymbiosis

Mitochondrion
- Mitosome
- Hydrogenosome
Plastid
Kappa organism
Organs
- Bacteriome
- Trophosome
Nitroplast

Abiogenesis

Last universal common ancestor
Earliest known life forms
?RNA life
- Ribozyme
†Protocell
Coacervate
Proteinoid
Sulphobe
Research
- Model lipid bilayer
- Jeewanu

See also

References