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Ivan II the Fair
Portrait in the Tsarskiy titulyarnik (1672)
Prince of Moscow
Reign	27 April 1353 – 13 November 1359
Predecessor	Simeon I
Successor	Dmitri I

Born	30 March 1326 Moscow
Died	13 November 1359(1359-11-13) (aged 33) Moscow
Burial	Principality of Moscow
Spouse	Fedosia of Bryansk Alexandra Velyaminova
Issue more...	Dmitri Donskoi
Dynasty	Rurik
Father	Ivan I of Moscow
Mother	Helena
Religion	Russian Orthodox

Ivan II Ivanovich the Fair (Russian: Иван II Иванович Красный, romanized: Ivan II Ivanovich Krasnyy; 30 March 1326 – 13 November 1359) was Prince of Moscow and Grand Prince of Vladimir from 1353 to 1359. Until that date, he had ruled the towns of Ruza and Zvenigorod. He was the second son of Ivan Kalita, and succeeded his brother Simeon the Proud, who died of the Black Death.

Reign

Upon succeeding his brother and because of increased civil strife among the Golden Horde, Ivan briefly toyed with the idea of abandoning traditional Moscow allegiance to the Mongols and allying himself with Lithuania, a growing power in the west. This policy was quickly abandoned and Ivan asserted his allegiance to the Golden Horde.^[1]

Contemporaries described Ivan as a pacific, apathetic ruler, who didn't flinch even when Algirdas of Lithuania captured his father-in-law's capital, Bryansk.^[2] He also allowed Oleg of Riazan to burn villages on his territory. However, Orthodox churchmen aided in consolidating the power of the Prince of Moscow. He received much aid from the capable Metropolitan Alexius. Like his brother, Ivan II was not as successful as his father or grandfather with regard to territorial expansion. Nevertheless, he was able to annex areas southwest of Moscow, including the areas of Borovsk, and Vereya.

He is buried in the Cathedral of the Archangel Michael in Moscow.

Marriages and children

Ivan was married twice. In 1341, Ivan married his first wife Fedosia Dmitrievna of Bryansk. She was a daughter of Dmitry Romanovich, Prince of Bryansk. She died childless in autumn 1342.

Ivan remained a widower for three years. In 1345, Ivan married his second wife, Alexandra Vassilievna Velyaminova. She was a daughter of Vasily Velyaminov, a mayor of Moscow. They had at least four children:

Dmitry Donskoy (12 October 1350 – 19 May 1389). His successor as Prince of Moscow.
A daughter married Prince Bobrok of Volhynia.
Ivan Ivanovich, Prince of Zvenigorod (c. 1356 – October 1364).
Maria Ivanovna.

References

^ Janet Martin (1995). Medieval Russia, 980–1584. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-36832-4.
^ Alfred Rambaud, Edgar Saltus (1902). Russia. P. F. Collier & Son. pp. 146, 147. [1]

External links

Bain, Robert Nisbet (1911). "Ivan" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). pp. 87–91.

Regnal titles
Preceded by Simeon	Prince of Moscow 1353–1359	Succeeded by Dmitriy Donskoy

v t e List of Russian monarchs
Grand princes of Vladimir and Moscow	Yuri I Dolgorukiy Andrei I Bogolyubsky Mikhail of Vladimir Vsevolod the Big Nest Yuri II of Vladimir Konstantin of Rostov Yuri II of Vladimir Yaroslav II of Vladimir Sviatoslav III of Vladimir Andrey II of Vladimir Alexander Nevsky Yaroslav of Tver Vasily of Kostroma Dmitry of Pereslavl Andrey of Gorodets Mikhail of Tver Yuri of Moscow Dmitry the Terrible Eyes Alexander of Tver Ivan I Simeon the Proud Ivan II the Fair Dmitry of Suzdal Dmitry of the Don Vasily I Vasily II the Blind Ivan III the Great Vasily III Ivan IV
Tsars of all Russia	Ivan IV the Terrible Feodor I Irina Boris Feodor II False Dmitry I Vasili IV Vladislav Michael Alexis Feodor III Peter I and Ivan V (co-rulers)
Emperors of all Russia	Peter I Catherine I Peter II Anna Ivan VI Elizabeth Peter III Catherine II Paul I Alexander I Nicholas I Alexander II Alexander III Nicholas II

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