List of Australian penal colonies

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The following is a list of Australian penal colonies that existed from the establishment of European presence in the 1780s up until the nineteenth century.^{[citation needed]} The term colony had referred to settlements and larger land areas at that time.

Settlement	Colony	Year opened	Year closed
Cockatoo Island	New South Wales	1839	1869
Rose Hill	New South Wales	1788
Sydney Cove	New South Wales	1788	1840
Moreton Bay	Queensland (New South Wales before 1859)	1824
Redcliffe	Queensland	1823	1824
Maria Island	Van Diemen's Land^{[note 1]}	1825	1851
Port Arthur	Van Diemen's Land	1830
Richmond	Van Diemen's Land	1830
Risdon Cove	Van Diemen's Land	1794
Sarah Island, part of the Macquarie Harbour Penal Station	Van Diemen's Land	1822	1833
Saltwater River	Van Diemen's Land	1879	1970
Sullivans Cove	Van Diemen's Land	1914
King George's Sound	Western Australia	1826	1832^{[note 2]}
Swan River Colony	Western Australia	1850	1868^{[note 3]}
Norfolk Island	Other	1788	1855^{[note 4]}

This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (August 2008)

Notes

^ Later renamed Tasmania
^ Convicts transferred back to Sydney
^ Last convict ship arrived 9 January 1868
^ Except for an 11-year hiatus between 15 February 1814 and 6 June 1825

Convicts in Australia

Penal colonies

Events

Convict ships

Governors and
commandants

Notable convicts
and personnel

Surgeons	William Bland Arthur Bowes Smyth William Redfern D'Arcy Wentworth
Entrepreneurs	Enoch Barratt Daniel Connor Daniel Cooper John Davies William Field William Hutchinson Mary Hyde Henry Kable Solomon Levey Simeon Lord Mary Reibey Robert Sidaway James Squire John Tawell Samuel Terry
Architects	James Blackburn Francis Greenway
Bushrangers and escapees	Charlotte Badger Matthew Brady Mary Bryant William Bryant William Buckley Moondyne Joe John Caesar Martin Cash William Chopin Michael Howe Lawrence Kavenagh John Mitchel Thomas Muir John Boyle O'Reilly Alexander Pearce William Westwood
Artists	Joseph Backler Thomas Bock Richard Browne Knud Bull Edmund Edgar John Eyre William Buelow Gould Joseph Lycett Charles Rodius Thomas Griffiths Wainewright Thomas Watling James Walsh
Politicians	William Cuffay William Henry Groom Kevin Izod O'Doherty
Chroniclers	Denis Cashman Margaret Catchpole Frank the Poet Henry Savery James Hardy Vaux John Acton Wroth
Explorers	John Baxter James Meehan Joseph Wild
Other convicts	Esther Abrahams John Baughan James Bloodsworth Billy Blue John Cadman Elizabeth Callaghan Margaret Dawson Laurence Hynes Halloran Mark Jeffrey Jørgen Jørgensen William Smith O'Brien Robert Palin Isaac Nichols Joseph Potaski James Ruse Elizabeth Thackery Mary Wade

Popular culture

Music	Transportation ballads "Botany Bay" "Moreton Bay" "Jim Jones at Botany Bay" "Van Diemen's Land"
Film	For the Term of His Natural Life (1908) The Assigned Servant (1911) It Is Never Too Late to Mend (1911) The Lady Outlaw (1911) The Life of Rufus Dawes (1911) The Mark of the Lash (1911) One Hundred Years Ago (1911) The Romantic Story of Margaret Catchpole (1911) Sentenced for Life (1911) Moondyne (1913) Transported (1913) The Tenth Straw (1926) For the Term of His Natural Life (1927) To New Shores (1937) Red Sky at Morning (1944) Under Capricorn (1949) Botany Bay (1953) Adam's Woman (1970) Journey Among Women (1977) The Last Confession of Alexander Pearce (2008) Van Diemen's Land (2009) The Nightingale (2017)
Television	The Devil Makes Sunday (1961) The Devil Makes Sunday (1962) Against the Wind (1978) Sara Dane (1982) For the Term of His Natural Life (1983) The Incredible Journey of Mary Bryant (2005) Banished (2015) The Secret River (2015)
Literature	Journals of the First Fleet It's Never Too Late to Mend (1856) The Broad Arrow (1859) Great Expectations (1861) The Wild Goose (1867) For the Term of His Natural Life (1872) Moondyne (1879) Bring Larks and Heroes (1967) A Fringe of Leaves (1973) The Playmaker (1987) Remembering Babylon (1993) The Potato Factory (1995) Jack Maggs (1997) Gould's Book of Fish (2001) The Secret River (2005) The Lieutenant (2008) Parrot and Olivier in America (2010)
Stage	The Transports (1977) Our Country's Good (1988)
Art	Charlotte Medal Port Jackson Painter Rajah Quilt Sydney punchbowls Twenty Dollar Note

Australian
Convict Sites

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