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Melilotus indicus - Wikipedia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Melilotus indicus

Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Fabales
Family:	Fabaceae
Subfamily:	Faboideae
Genus:	Melilotus
Species:	M. indicus
Binomial name
*Melilotus indicus* (L.) All.
Varieties
M. indicus var. indicus M. indicus var. tommasinii
Synonyms
Melilotus parviflorus Desf. Melilotus tommasinii Jord. Trifolium indicum L.

Melilotus indicus, sometimes incorrectly written Melilotus indica, is a yellow-flowered herb native to northern Africa, Europe and Asia, but naturalized throughout the rest of the world.

Common names in English include sweet clover (or sweet-clover), sour clover (sour-clover, sourclover), Indian sweet-clover, annual yellow sweetclover, Bokhara clover, small-flowered sweet clover, common melilot, small-flowered melilot, small melilot, sweet melilot, Californian lucerne and Hexham scent. In Australia and New Zealand, where it is naturalised, it is sometimes called King Island melilot or King Island clover.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Description

It is an annual or biennial herb from 10 to 50 centimetres (3.9 to 19.7 inches) in height (rarely to one metre), with trifoliate leaves and small yellow flowers borne in dense racemes.^[4] Similar to Melilotus altissima Thuill. in general. The flowers are 2 – 3 mm long and produce a hairless pod of similar length.^[5] Its leaves have a sweet, cloying scent when crushed.

Taxonomy

It was first published as Trifolium indicum by Carl Linnaeus in his 1753 Species plantarum. It was transferred into Melilotus by Carlo Allioni in 1785.^[6]

Distribution and habitat

It has a wide native distribution, ranging from Macaronesia and northern Africa, through Europe, and into temperate and tropical Asia. It is naturalised throughout most of the rest of the world, including the United Kingdom, the United States, South America, Australia and New Zealand.^[1]

Uses and economic importance

It is used as a source of nectar for bees, as forage, and as a soil improver. It is also used in folk medicine. It is poisonous to some mammals, and is a potential seed crop contaminant.^[1]

In Pakistan, Melilotus indicus is called sinji, which is used as a vegetable. It has many medicinal uses. It has antioxidant properties [1]. It also has alpha-amylase inhibitory activities [2], because of which it may be useful for type 2 diabetes.

By 1907, it was in use at King Island for cattle fodder, explaining its Australian name.^[7]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c "Melilotus indicus". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture.
^ "Melilotus". Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database. University of Melbourne. Retrieved 2009-01-04.
^ "Melilotus indicus". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government, Canberra. Retrieved 7 December 2012.
^ "Melilotus indicus (L.) All". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
^ Webb, D.A., Parnell, J. and Doogue, D. 1996. An Irish Flora. Dundalgan Press Ltd., Dundalk. ISBN 0-85221-131-7
^ "Melilotus indicus (L.) All". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government.
^ "Melilotus". The Port Augusta Dispatch, Newcastle And Flinders Chronicle. 8 March 1907. p. 4 – via National Library of Australia.

External links

Jepson Manual Treatment

Taxon identifiers

Melilotus indicus

Wikidata: Q159138
Wikispecies: Melilotus indicus
AoFP: 466
APA: 2017
APDB: 67098
APNI: 114975
ARKive: melilotus-indicus
BioLib: 40011
Calflora: 5406
CoL: 3ZFCK
Ecocrop: 7689
eFloraSA: Melilotus_indica
EoL: 703242
EPPO: MEUIN
EUNIS: 4366
FloraBase: 4085
FNA: 200012218
FoAO2: Melilotus indicus
FoC: 200012218
FoIO: MELIND
GBIF: 2971016
GRIN: 24000
iNaturalist: 57065
IPA: 12268
IPNI: 1207360-2
IRMNG: 11310457
ITIS: 503741
NatureServe: 2.156324
NBN: NBNSYS0000003229
NCBI: 200951
NSWFlora: Melilotus~indicus
NTFlora: 2378
NZOR: d2d6c084-cac9-41eb-9fd1-04aeb963c1cf
NZPCN: 3152
Observation.org: 7051
Open Tree of Life: 1072867
Plant List: ild-31598
PLANTS: MEIN2
POWO: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1207360-2
SANBI: 387-2
Tropicos: 13035799
VASCAN: 5840
VicFlora: 6e50cb22-989a-4bd7-ab43-ea0aedf0078c
WisFlora: 13136
WoI: 1765
WFO: wfo-0000185378

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