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  2. Wiktionary
  3. én
én

én

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "en"

Danish

Numeral

én

  1. Alternative form of en

Pronoun

én

  1. Alternative form of en

Usage notes

Accent is optional, and reflects intonation. Compare, for example, hun har kun en kat "she only has a cat" with hun har kun én kat "she has only one cat".

Hungarian

Etymology

From Old Hungarian ɛ̄n. Usually considered to continue the Proto-Uralic first-person pronoun *minä (compare e.g. Finnish minä), but there is no consensus on how the Hungarian word has developed to its present shape. At least four proposals have been advanced:[1]

  1. irregular loss of the word-initial *m-
  2. from earlier *ɛmen, through the vocalization and loss of word-internal *-m-, as in many other cases such as ó (“old”)
  3. from earlier *ɛ̄mn, with the cluster *mn simplified to n
  4. from earlier *ɛ̄m, derived from the shorter Uralic root *mi, and with the irregular simplification of the root-final *-m to -n, perhaps first in the accusative engem (< ? *ɛmgɛm).

The last three options assume that the word was prefixed with *ɛ- at some point, perhaps an intensifying particle, or from the Proto-Uralic pronoun root *e- (“this”) (compare ez (“this”)).

Similarly irregular first-person pronouns occur in Mansi: Northern Mansi ам (am), Southern Mansi [script needed] (äm), and even in Chuvash: эпӗ (ep̬ĕ) from Proto-Turkic *ben. If these have a similar origin as the Hungarian word, they are the most compatible with the third and fourth explanations.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈeːn]
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -eːn

Pronoun

én

  1. (personal) I (first-person singular)
    Én vagyok a képen. ― I am in the picture.

Declension

declension of én
nominative én
accusative engem
dative nekem
instrumental velem
causal-final értem
inessive bennem
superessive rajtam
adessive nálam
illative belém
sublative rám
allative hozzám
elative belőlem
delative rólam
ablative tőlem

Derived terms

Note: In all these forms, én is optional and only serves for emphasis.

Noun

én (plural ének)

  1. (psychology) self, ego

Declension

Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony)
singular plural
nominative én ének
accusative ént éneket
dative énnek éneknek
instrumental énnel énekkel
causal-final énért énekért
translative énné énekké
terminative énig énekig
essive-formal énként énekként
essive-modal — —
inessive énben énekben
superessive énen éneken
adessive énnél éneknél
illative énbe énekbe
sublative énre énekre
allative énhez énekhez
elative énből énekből
delative énről énekről
ablative éntől énektől
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		éné éneké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		énéi énekéi
Possessive forms of én
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. énem énjeim
2nd person sing. éned énjeid
3rd person sing. énje énjei
1st person plural énünk énjeink
2nd person plural énetek énjeitek
3rd person plural énjük énjeik

Derived terms

Compound words
Expressions

References

  1. ^ Rédei, Károly. 1963. "Az én személyes névmás eredetéhez". Nyelvtudományi Közlemények 65, pp. 166–169.

Further reading

  • én in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
  • én in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).

Ligurian

Verb

én

  1. third-person plural present indicative of êse; “[​they​] are”

Mandarin

Alternative forms

Romanization

én (en2, Zhuyin ㄣˊ)

  1. Hanyu Pinyin reading of 嗯

Norwegian Bokmål

Pronunciation

This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

Numeral

én

  1. stressed form of en

Derived terms

Old Irish

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *ɸetnos.

Noun

én m (genitive éuin or éoin, nominative plural éuin or éoin)

  1. bird
Inflection
Masculine o-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative én énL éuinL
Vocative éuin énL éunuH
Accusative énN énL éunuH
Genitive éuinL én énN
Dative éunL énaib énaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization
Descendants
  • Irish: éan
  • Manx: eean
  • Scottish Gaelic: eun
  • ⇒ Middle Irish: senén

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Interjection

én!

  1. lo!

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Nasalization
én
(pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments) 		unchanged n-én
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

Old Nubian

Etymology

From Proto-Nubian *éen¹, possibly from Proto-Nilo-Saharan *anɛŋ (“woman”)².

Noun

én

  1. mother

References

  • Browne, Gerald M - Old Nubian Dictionary - Claremont School of Theology - 1996 - p 72

Scanian

Scanian cardinal numbers
 <  0 1 2  > 
    Cardinal : én

Pronunciation

Numeral

én

  1. one.

Vietnamese

Etymology

From Proto-Vietic *ʔɛːnʔ, non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 燕 (SV: yến). Doublet of yến.

Pronunciation

Noun

(classifier con) én • (燕)

  1. a swallow (bird)
    Synonym: nhạn
  2. (loosely) Synonym of yến (“swift”) (bird)
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