ésser
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Catalan
Alternative forms
Etymology 1
Inherited from Early Medieval Latin essere, from Latin esse.
Pronunciation
Verb
ésser (first-person singular present soc, first-person singular preterite fui, past participle estat or sigut); root stress: (Central, Valencia, Balearic) /e/
- (copulative) to be
- to exist, to be real, to be reality
Usage notes
- Ésser in the sense of "to be" is used for a characteristic of a person or object. See also: estar.
- Soc britànic, és catalana. ― I'm British, she's Catalan.
- L'or és groc. ― Gold is yellow.
- Ésser + past participle forms the passive voice.
- Era pagat per la Generalitat. ― I was paid by the Generalitat.
Conjugation
Conjugation of ésser (second conjugation, irregular)
infinitive | ésser | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | sent, essent | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | estat, sigut | estada, siguda | |||||
plural | estats, siguts | estades, sigudes | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | soc | ets | és | som | sou | són | |
imperfect | era | eres | era | érem | éreu | eren | |
future | seré | seràs | serà | serem | sereu | seran | |
preterite | fui | fores | fou | fórem | fóreu | foren | |
conditional | seria, fora | series, fores | seria, fora | seríem, fórem | seríeu, fóreu | serien, foren | |
subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | sigui | siguis | sigui | siguem | sigueu | siguin | |
imperfect | fos | fossis | fos | fóssim | fóssiu | fossin | |
imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós |
vostès | |
affirmative | — | sigues | sigui | siguem | sigueu | siguin | |
negative (no) | — | no siguis | no sigui | no siguem | no sigueu | no siguin |
Etymology 2
Nominalization of Etymology 1.
Pronunciation
Noun
ésser m (plural éssers)
- being (a living creature)
Derived terms
Further reading
- “ésser” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “ésser”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
- “ésser” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “ésser” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Categories:
- Catalan terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Catalan terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Catalan terms inherited from Early Medieval Latin
- Catalan terms derived from Early Medieval Latin
- Catalan terms inherited from Latin
- Catalan terms derived from Latin
- Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Catalan terms with audio links
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan verbs
- Catalan second conjugation verbs
- Catalan irregular verbs
- Catalan copulative verbs
- Catalan terms with usage examples
- Catalan nouns
- Catalan countable nouns
- Catalan masculine nouns