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  2. Wiktionary
  3. ír
ír

ír

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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See also: Ír and Appendix:Variations of "ir"

Hungarian

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈiːr]
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: ír
  • Rhymes: -iːr

Etymology 1

From a Turkic language; compare Chuvash ҫыр (śyr), Turkish yazmak (“to write”).

Verb

ír

  2. (transitive) to write (optionally to someone: -nak/-nek, about someone/​something: -ról/-ről)
    Perfective: megír
    levelet ír ― to write a letter
  3. (transitive) to burn (a compact disc)
    Perfective: kiír
    CD-t ír ― to burn a CD
Conjugation
conjugation of ír
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal 		3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal 		1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal 		3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal


Indica­tive
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. írok írsz ír írunk írtok írnak
Def. írom írod írja írjuk írjátok írják
2nd-p. o. írlak ―
Past Indef. írtam írtál írt írtunk írtatok írtak
Def. írtam írtad írta írtuk írtátok írták
2nd-p. o. írtalak ―
Future Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. írni fog.
Archaic
Preterit 		Indef. írék írál íra íránk írátok írának
Def. írám írád írá íránk írátok írák
2nd-p. o. írálak ―
Archaic Past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. ír vala, írt vala/volt.
Archaic
Future 		Indef. írandok írandasz írand írandunk írandotok írandanak
Def. írandom írandod írandja írandjuk írandjátok írandják
2nd-p. o. írandalak ―
Condi­tional
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. írnék írnál írna írnánk írnátok írnának
Def. írnám írnád írná írnánk
(or írnók) 		írnátok írnák
2nd-p. o. írnálak ―
Past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. írt volna
Sub­junc­tive
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. írjak írj or
írjál 		írjon írjunk írjatok írjanak
Def. írjam írd or
írjad 		írja írjuk írjátok írják
2nd-p. o. írjalak ―
(Archaic) Past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. írt légyen
Infinitive írni írnom írnod írnia írnunk írnotok írniuk
Other
forms 		Verbal noun Present part. Past part. Future part. Adverbial participle Causative
írás író írt or írott írandó írva (írván)
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular
(and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs).
potential conjugation of ír
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal 		3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal 		1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal 		3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
Indica­tive
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. írhatok írhatsz írhat írhatunk írhattok írhatnak
Def. írhatom írhatod írhatja írhatjuk írhatjátok írhatják
2nd-p. o. írhatlak ―
Past Indef. írhattam írhattál írhatott írhattunk írhattatok írhattak
Def. írhattam írhattad írhatta írhattuk írhattátok írhatták
2nd-p. o. írhattalak ―
Archaic
Preterit 		Indef. írhaték írhatál írhata írhatánk írhatátok írhatának
Def. írhatám írhatád írhatá írhatánk írhatátok írhaták
2nd-p. o. írhatálak ―
Archaic Past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. írhat vala, írhatott vala/volt.
Archaic
Future 		Indef. írhatandok
or írandhatok 		írhatandasz
or írandhatsz 		írhatand
or írandhat 		írhatandunk
or írandhatunk 		írhatandotok
or írandhattok 		írhatandanak
or írandhatnak
Def. írhatandom
or írandhatom 		írhatandod
or írandhatod 		írhatandja
or írandhatja 		írhatandjuk
or írandhatjuk 		írhatandjátok
or írandhatjátok 		írhatandják
or írandhatják
2nd-p. o. írhatandalak
or írandhatlak 		―
Condi­tional
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. írhatnék írhatnál írhatna írhatnánk írhatnátok írhatnának
Def. írhatnám írhatnád írhatná írhatnánk
(or írhatnók) 		írhatnátok írhatnák
2nd-p. o. írhatnálak ―
Past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. írhatott volna
Sub­junc­tive
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. írhassak írhass or
írhassál 		írhasson írhassunk írhassatok írhassanak
Def. írhassam írhasd or
írhassad 		írhassa írhassuk írhassátok írhassák
2nd-p. o. írhassalak ―
(Archaic) Past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. írhatott légyen
Inf. (írhatni) (írhatnom) (írhatnod) (írhatnia) (írhatnunk) (írhatnotok) (írhatniuk)
Positive adjective írható Neg. adj. írhatatlan Adv. part. (írhatva / írhatván)
Troponyms
Derived terms

(With verbal prefixes):

Etymology 2

From the German Ire (“Irishman”), from English Irish, from Old Irish Ériu (“Ireland”).

Adjective

ír

  2. Irish (of or relating to Ireland, its people or language)
Declension
Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony)
singular plural
nominative ír írek
accusative írt íreket
dative írnek íreknek
instrumental írrel írekkel
causal-final írért írekért
translative írré írekké
terminative írig írekig
essive-formal írként írekként
essive-modal írül —
inessive írben írekben
superessive íren íreken
adessive írnél íreknél
illative írbe írekbe
sublative írre írekre
allative írhez írekhez
elative írből írekből
delative írről írekről
ablative írtől írektől
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		íré íreké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		íréi írekéi

Noun

ír (countable and uncountable, plural írek)

  1. Irishman, Irishwoman (person)
  2. Irish (language)
Declension
Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony)
singular plural
nominative ír írek
accusative írt íreket
dative írnek íreknek
instrumental írrel írekkel
causal-final írért írekért
translative írré írekké
terminative írig írekig
essive-formal írként írekként
essive-modal — —
inessive írben írekben
superessive íren íreken
adessive írnél íreknél
illative írbe írekbe
sublative írre írekre
allative írhez írekhez
elative írből írekből
delative írről írekről
ablative írtől írektől
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		íré íreké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		íréi írekéi
Possessive forms of ír
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. írem írjeim
2nd person sing. íred írjeid
3rd person sing. írje írjei
1st person plural írünk írjeink
2nd person plural íretek írjeitek
3rd person plural írjük írjeik
Derived terms
Compound words
Expressions

Etymology 3

Of unknown origin.[1]

Noun

ír (plural írok or írek)

  2. balm, ointment, lotion, unguent (substance applied to skin to cure a wound or heal some other problem)
    • 1846, János Arany, Toldi [1] Canto Four, trans.[2] by Watson Kirkconnell:
      Mint a hímszarvas, kit vadász sérte nyillal, ¶ Fut sötét erdőbe sajgó fájdalmival, ¶ Fut hideg forrásnak enyhítő vizére, ¶ És ezerjófűvet tépni a sebére; ¶ Jaj! de a forrásnak kiszáradt az ágya, ¶ Az ezerjófűvet írul sem találja,
      As when the antlered stag, by arrows hurt, ¶ Darts to the forest-depths, with thickets girt, ¶ To seek the soothing water of a spring ¶ And herbs to heal his wound’s keen suffering, ¶ But finds, alas, the spring is dried-out ground ¶ And healing herbs are nowhere to be found;
      (literally, “…cannot find the centaury as a balm”)
    • 1854, János Arany, “The Moustache”, in A bajusz:
      Egyébiránt Szűcs György gazda ¶ Semmit is el nem mulaszta, ¶ Hogy bajuszát megnövelje, ¶ Meglévén… a puszta helye. – ¶ Kente, fente ő azt írral, ¶ Kígyóhájjal, medvezsírral, ¶ Ebkaporral, kutyatéjjel;
      For the rest, the farmer György Szűcs didn’t miss a single thing to grow his moustache, given… its bare space. – He did smear and rub it with balm, snake’s fat, bear’s grease, mayweed and spurge;
    • 1803, Mihály Csokonai Vitéz, Tartózkodó kérelem[3] (A Restrained Plea),[4] trans. by Zsuzsanna Ozsváth and Frederick Turner
      A hatalmas szerelemnek ¶ Megemésztő tüze bánt. ¶ Te lehetsz írja sebemnek, ¶ Gyönyörű kis tulipánt!
      Love’s vast passion, all-consuming, ¶ Sears me with its blazing power; ¶ You’re the balm to heal my bleeding, ¶ Little Tulip, pretty flower:
      (literally, “you may be the balm of my wound”)
  3. (figuratively) remedy for any kind of problem
    • 1872, Mór Jókai, Az arany ember[5] (Timar’s Two Worlds),[6] part 3, chapter 2, trans. by Mrs. Hegan Kennard:
      Mihály a menyegzői nap után elvitte ifjú nejét magával utazni. Bejárták Svájcot, Olaszországot. Úgy jöttek vissza, ahogy elmentek. Se Helvécia andalító völgyei, se Itália fűszeres ligetei nem termettek az ő számára írt.
      Michael went with his young wife to travel, and visited Italy and Switzerland. They returned as they went. Neither the romantic Alpine valleys nor the fragrant orange-groves brought balm to his heart.
Declension

As a rarely used word, its declension type is not firmly fixed. See also its its declension chart at E-Szókincs.

  • Declension with back-vowel suffixes (the original declension, as in the above poems by János Arany):
Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative ír írok
accusative írt írokat
dative írnak íroknak
instrumental írral írokkal
causal-final írért írokért
translative írrá írokká
terminative írig írokig
essive-formal írként írokként
essive-modal írul —
inessive írban írokban
superessive íron írokon
adessive írnál íroknál
illative írba írokba
sublative írra írokra
allative írhoz írokhoz
elative írból írokból
delative írról írokról
ablative írtól íroktól
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		íré íroké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		íréi írokéi
Possessive forms of ír
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. írom írjaim
2nd person sing. írod írjaid
3rd person sing. írja írjai
1st person plural írunk írjaink
2nd person plural írotok írjaitok
3rd person plural írjuk írjaik
  • Declension with front-vowel suffixes:
Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony)
singular plural
nominative ír írek
accusative írt íreket
dative írnek íreknek
instrumental írrel írekkel
causal-final írért írekért
translative írré írekké
terminative írig írekig
essive-formal írként írekként
essive-modal — —
inessive írben írekben
superessive íren íreken
adessive írnél íreknél
illative írbe írekbe
sublative írre írekre
allative írhez írekhez
elative írből írekből
delative írről írekről
ablative írtől írektől
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		íré íreké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		íréi írekéi
Possessive forms of ír
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. írem íreim, írjeim
2nd person sing. íred íreid, írjeid
3rd person sing. íre, írje írei, írjei
1st person plural írünk íreink, írjeink
2nd person plural íretek íreitek, írjeitek
3rd person plural írük, írjük íreik, írjeik
Derived terms
Compound words

References

  1. ^ ír in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)

Further reading

  • (to write): ír in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
  • (Irish): ír in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
  • (balm, remedy): ír in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Anagrams

Irish

Etymology

Compare fír, another alternative form, which is indistinguishable from ír when lenited.

Noun

ír f (genitive singular íorach, nominative plural íoracha)

  1. Alternative form of fíor (“figure”)

Declension

Declension of ír

Fifth declension

Bare forms

Case Singular Plural
Nominative ír íoracha
Vocative a ír a íoracha
Genitive íorach íoracha
Dative ír íoracha

Forms with the definite article

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an ír na híoracha
Genitive na híorach na n-íoracha
Dative leis an ír

don ír

leis na híoracha

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical Eclipsis with h-prothesis with t-prothesis
ír n-ír hír not applicable
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

Pusat Layanan

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