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  2. Wiktionary
  3. îndura
îndura

îndura

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
See also: indura

Romanian

Alternative forms

Etymology

    Etymology tree
    Proto-Indo-European *h₁en-
    Proto-Indo-European *h₁én
    Proto-Italic *en
    Old Latin en
    Latin in
    Latin in-
    Proto-Italic *dūros
    Latin dūrūs
    Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
    Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
    Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti
    Proto-Italic *-āō
    Latin -ō
    Latin dūrō
    Latin indūrō
    Romanian îndura

    Inherited from Latin indūrāre. The original, now obsolete meaning of “be hardhearted”, a continuation of the Latin, was a negative polarity item whose sense reversed after simplification of its negative construction. This semantic reversal had already occurred by the earliest attestations of the word, and the opposing usages can even be found in the same work. The reflex of the Latin meaning, however, is not extinct, as it survived with a different nuance.

    Doublet of indura.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ɨn.duˈra/
    • Rhymes: -a
    • Hyphenation: în‧du‧ra

    Verb

    a îndura (third-person singular present îndură, past participle îndurat) 1st conj.

    1. (reflexive) to have mercy, take pity [with de ‘on’]
      Synonyms: se milostivi, se milui
    2. (reflexive, catenative, figurative, informal) to deign
      Synonyms: binevoi, catadicsi, se învrednici, (rare, obsolete) cabulipsi
      Profesorul s-a îndurat să îl treacă abia a treia oară când a dat examenul.
      Only on the third time he took the exam did the teacher deign to pass him.
      • 2016 July 6, Andreea Udrea, Evenimentul Zilei‎[1], number 7764, →ISSN, page 6:
        Aflați în vacanță, puțini parlamentari s-au îndurat să vină la dezbatere.
        Being on holiday, few members of parliament deigned to come to the debate.
    3. (reflexive, obsolete, chiefly in the negative) to be cruel, be indifferent to someone’s suffering [with de ‘someone’]
      • 1800–1830, Costache Conachi, “Аmорі̆ᲈл dіn прі̆еtешᲈгᲈ̆ [Amoriul din prieteșug, Love from friendship]”, in Алкъtᲈірі̆ ші tълmъчірі [Alcătuiri și tălmăciri, Compositions and translations]‎[2], Iași, published 1856, page 9:
        „Nᲈ tе ꙟndᲈра dе mіnе, nᲈ mъ лъса ла пі̆ерzаре,
        „Фіі̆ ла dᲈрері̆ mілосtівъ, къ tᲈ ешtі̆ а mеа скъпаре!
        Nu te îndura de mine, nu mă lăsa la pierzare,
        Fii la dureri milostivă, că tu ești a mea scăpare!
        Have mercy on me, don’t give me up,
        Be merciful to the pain, as you are my only salvation!
        (literally, “Do not be cruel to me”)
    4. (reflexive, chiefly in the negative, catenative) to have the heart (bring oneself to do something that harms one’s sensibilities)
      Dacă pisica îmi doarme în poală, nu mă îndur să mă ridic.
      If the cat is sleeping in my lap, I don’t have the heart to get up.
    5. (reflexive, chiefly in the negative, obsolete) to have the heart to leave [with de ‘person, place’]
      • 1895 February, folk belief recorded by I. N. Constantinescu in Ciulnița, Ialomița, Superstițiĭ [Superstitions], in Șezătoarea‎[3], year 3, numbers 5, 6, Fălticeni, page 123:
        Mortul care va ține un ochiŭ maĭ deschis, nu se îndură de lumea asta.
        The dead man who keeps an eye slightly open does not have the heart to leave this world.
    6. (transitive) to endure, bear, suffer, withstand
      Synonyms: duce, înghiți, pătimi, răbda, suferi, suporta, tolera
      Poporul român a îndurat dictatura comunistă timp de patruzeci de ani.
      The Romanian people endured the Communist dictatorship for forty years.
      Plantele acestea nu îndură clima de aici.
      These plants can’t withstand the local climate.
    7. (transitive, regional, rare) to allow

    Conjugation

        conjugation of îndura (first conjugation, no infix)
    infinitive a îndura
    gerund îndurând
    past participle îndurat
    number singular plural
    person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
    indicative eu tu el/ea noi voi ei/ele
    present îndur înduri îndură îndurăm îndurați îndură
    imperfect înduram îndurai îndura înduram îndurați îndurau
    simple perfect îndurai îndurași îndură îndurarăm îndurarăți îndurară
    pluperfect îndurasem înduraseși îndurase înduraserăm înduraserăți înduraseră
    subjunctive eu tu el/ea noi voi ei/ele
    present să îndur să înduri să îndure să îndurăm să îndurați să îndure
    imperative — tu — — voi —
    affirmative îndură îndurați
    negative nu îndura nu îndurați

    Derived terms

    References

    Further reading

    Pusat Layanan

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