κράτος
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See also: κρατός
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *krét-os, from *kret- (“strength; intelligence”). Cognates include Sanskrit क्रतु (krátu), Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬀𐬙𐬎- (xratu-), and Old English heard (“hard”) (whence English hard).[1]
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /krá.tos/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈkra.tos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈkra.tos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈkra.tos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈkra.tos/
Noun
κρᾰ́τος • (krátos) n (genitive κρᾰ́τεος or κρᾰ́τους); third declension
- might, strength
- act of strength, act of valour
- (in the plural) acts of violence
- dominion, power
- 66-90 C.E., Jude, Epistle of Jude 1.25:
- μόνῳ σοφῷ Θεῷ σωτῆρι ἡμῶν δόξα καὶ μεγαλωσύνη, κράτος καὶ ἐξουσία, καὶ νῦν καὶ εἰς πάντας τοὺς αἰῶνας Ἀμήν
- mónōi sophôi Theôi sōtêri hēmôn dóxa kaì megalōsúnē, krátos kaì exousía, kaì nûn kaì eis pántas toùs aiônas Amḗn
- To God, our saviour, who alone is wise, be glory and majesty, power and authority, both now and in every age, amen.
- μόνῳ σοφῷ Θεῷ σωτῆρι ἡμῶν δόξα καὶ μεγαλωσύνη, κράτος καὶ ἐξουσία, καὶ νῦν καὶ εἰς πάντας τοὺς αἰῶνας Ἀμήν
Inflection
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | τὸ κρᾰ́τος tò krátos |
τὼ κρᾰ́τει tṑ krátei |
τᾰ̀ κρᾰ́τη tà krátē | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ κρᾰ́τους toû krátous |
τοῖν κρᾰτοῖν toîn kratoîn |
τῶν κρᾰτῶν tôn kratôn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ κρᾰ́τει tôi krátei |
τοῖν κρᾰτοῖν toîn kratoîn |
τοῖς κρᾰ́τεσῐ / κρᾰ́τεσῐν toîs krátesi(n) | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸ κρᾰ́τος tò krátos |
τὼ κρᾰ́τει tṑ krátei |
τᾰ̀ κρᾰ́τη tà krátē | ||||||||||
Vocative | κρᾰ́τος krátos |
κρᾰ́τει krátei |
κρᾰ́τη krátē | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | κρᾰ́τος krátos |
κρᾰ́τει / κρᾰ́τεε krátei / krátee |
κρᾰ́τεᾰ krátea | ||||||||||
Genitive | κρᾰ́τεος / κρᾰ́τευς kráteos / kráteus |
κρᾰτέοιν kratéoin |
κρᾰτέων kratéōn | ||||||||||
Dative | κρᾰ́τει / κρᾰ́τεῐ̈ krátei / kráteï |
κρᾰτέοιν kratéoin |
κρᾰ́τεσῐ / κρᾰ́τεσῐν krátesi(n) | ||||||||||
Accusative | κρᾰ́τος krátos |
κρᾰ́τει / κρᾰ́τεε krátei / krátee |
κρᾰ́τεᾰ krátea | ||||||||||
Vocative | κρᾰ́τος krátos |
κρᾰ́τει / κρᾰ́τεε krátei / krátee |
κρᾰ́τεᾰ krátea | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Derived terms
- ἀκρᾰτής (akratḗs)
- Ᾰ̓μφῐκρᾰ́της (Amphikrátēs)
- Ᾰ̓νᾰξῐκρᾰ́της (Anaxikrátēs)
- Ᾰ̓ντῐκρᾰ́της (Antikrátēs)
- αὐτοκρᾰτής (autokratḗs)
- Δεινοκρᾰ́της (Deinokrátēs)
- Δημοκρᾰ́της (Dēmokrátēs)
- δικρατής (dikratḗs)
- ἐγκρατής (enkratḗs)
- ἐπικρατής (epikratḗs)
- Ἑρμοκρᾰ́της (Hermokrátēs)
- Εὐρυκρᾰ́της (Eurukrátēs)
- Ἐχεκρᾰ́της (Ekhekrátēs)
- Ῐ̔πποκρᾰ́της (Hippokrátēs)
- ἰσοκρατής (isokratḗs)
- Ἰσοκρᾰ́της (Isokrátēs)
- Ῑ̓φῐκρᾰ́της (Īphikrátēs)
- κάρτα (kárta)
- κρᾰ́ταιγος (krátaigos)
- κρατέω (kratéō)
- Κράτης (Krátēs)
- Κρᾰ́τιππος (Krátippos)
- Κρᾰτῠ́λος (Kratúlos)
- Μενεκρᾰ́της (Menekrátēs)
- Ναύκρᾰτῐς (Naúkratis)
- Ξενοκρᾰ́της (Xenokrátēs)
- παγκρατής (pankratḗs)
- περικρατής (perikratḗs)
- πολυκρατής (polukratḗs)
- Πολῠκρᾰ́της (Polukrátēs)
- Σωκρᾰ́της (Sōkrátēs)
- Τῑμοκρᾰ́της (Tīmokrátēs)
- Τισικρᾰ́της (Tisikrátēs)
- Φῐλοκρᾰ́της (Philokrátēs)
Descendants
- Greek: κράτος (krátos)
References
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κράτος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 772-3
Further reading
- “κράτος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “κράτος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “κράτος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- κράτος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- κράτος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “κράτος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G2904 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- ascendency idem, page 43.
- authority idem, page 53.
- chieftainship idem, page 129.
- command idem, page 146.
- conquest idem, page 161.
- control idem, page 170.
- crown idem, page 186.
- direction idem, page 226.
- dominance idem, page 247.
- domination idem, page 247.
- empire idem, page 269.
- government idem, page 368.
- governorship idem, page 368.
- greatness idem, page 372.
- kingship idem, page 470.
- lordship idem, page 500.
- mastery idem, page 517.
- might idem, page 528.
- paramountcy idem, page 592.
- power idem, page 630.
- predominance idem, page 634.
- principality idem, page 641.
- reign idem, page 688.
- royalty idem, page 724.
- rule idem, page 725.
- sceptre idem, page 738.
- sovereignty idem, page 797.
- strength idem, page 824.
- superiority idem, page 839.
- supremacy idem, page 842.
- supreme idem, page 842.
- sway idem, page 847.
- throne idem, page 870.
- triumph idem, page 896.
- victory idem, page 951.
Greek
Etymology
From Ancient Greek κράτος (krátos, “might, power”), from Proto-Indo-European *kret-.
Noun
κράτος • (krátos) n (plural κράτη)
Declension
Declension of κράτος
Coordinate terms
Related terms
- κρατικός (kratikós, “state, government”, adjective)
- κρατιστής m (kratistís, “statist”)
- κρατούμενη f (kratoúmeni, “prisoner, detainee”)
- κρατούμενος m (kratoúmenos, “prisoner, detainee”)
- κρατώ (krató, “to detain, to hold”)
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kret-
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek nouns
- Ancient Greek paroxytone terms
- Ancient Greek neuter nouns
- Ancient Greek third-declension nouns
- Ancient Greek neuter nouns in the third declension
- Ancient Greek terms with quotations
- Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kret-
- Greek terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Greek lemmas
- Greek nouns
- Greek neuter nouns
- Greek terms with usage examples
- Greek nouns declining like 'δάσος'