कारण
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Hindi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit कारण (kāraṇa, “cause”).
Pronunciation
Noun
कारण • (kāraṇ) m (Urdu spelling کارَن)
- cause
- यह सब आपके कारण हुआ। ― yah sab āpke kāraṇ huā. ― All this happened because of you.
- reason
- इस पर विश्वास करने का कोई कारण नहीं है।
- is par viśvās karne kā koī kāraṇ nahī̃ hai.
- There is no reason to believe this.
Declension
Declension of कारण (masc cons-stem)
Synonyms
- वजह (vajah)
Further reading
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “कारण”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
- Bahri, Hardev (1989) “कारण”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
- “कारण”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
- Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “कारण”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
Konkani
Conjunction
कारण • (kāraṇ) (Latin script ?, Kannada script ?)
Marathi
Etymology
Inherited from Old Marathi 𑘎𑘰𑘨𑘜 (kāraṇa, “cause”). Cognate with Gujarati કારણ (kāraṇ), Konkani कारण (kāraṇ), Hindi कारण (kāraṇ).
Pronunciation
Conjunction
कारण • (kāraṇ)
Noun
कारण • (kāraṇ) n
Declension
Declension of कारण (neut cons-stem) | |||
---|---|---|---|
direct singular |
कारण kāraṇ | ||
direct plural |
कारणे, कारणं kāraṇe, kārṇa | ||
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन | ||
nominative प्रथमा |
कारण kāraṇ |
कारणे, कारणं kāraṇe, kārṇa | |
oblique सामान्यरूप |
कारणा kāraṇā |
कारणां- kāraṇān- | |
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी |
कारणाला kāraṇālā |
कारणांना kāraṇānnā | |
ergative | कारणाने, कारणानं kāraṇāne, kāraṇāna |
कारणांनी kāraṇānnī | |
instrumental | कारणाशी kāraṇāśī |
कारणांशी kāraṇānśī | |
locative सप्तमी |
कारणात kāraṇāt |
कारणांत kāraṇāt | |
vocative संबोधन |
कारणा kāraṇā |
कारणांनो kāraṇānno | |
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition. |
Genitive declension of कारण (neut cons-stem) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म |
feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म |
neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म |
oblique सामान्यरूप | |||||
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular* एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
|||
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता |
कारणाचा kāraṇāċā |
कारणाचे kāraṇāċe |
कारणाची kāraṇācī |
कारणाच्या kāraṇācā |
कारणाचे, कारणाचं kāraṇāċe, kāraṇāċa |
कारणाची kāraṇācī |
कारणाच्या kāraṇācā | |
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता |
कारणांचा kāraṇānċā |
कारणांचे kāraṇānċe |
कारणांची kāraṇāñcī |
कारणांच्या kāraṇāncā |
कारणांचे, कारणांचं kāraṇānċe, kāraṇānċa |
कारणांची kāraṇāñcī |
कारणांच्या kāraṇāñcā | |
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition. |
Further reading
- Berntsen, Maxine, “कारण”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, 1982-1983.
- Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “कारण”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
Old Marathi
Noun
कारण (kāraṇa) n
- Devanagari script form of 𑘎𑘰𑘨𑘜
Pali
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
Noun
कारण n
- Devanagari script form of kāraṇa
Declension
Declension table of "कारण" (neuter)
Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative (first) | कारणं (kāraṇaṃ) | कारणानि (kāraṇāni) |
Accusative (second) | कारणं (kāraṇaṃ) | कारणानि (kāraṇāni) |
Instrumental (third) | कारणेन (kāraṇena) | कारणेहि (kāraṇehi) or कारणेभि (kāraṇebhi) |
Dative (fourth) | कारणस्स (kāraṇassa) or कारणाय (kāraṇāya) or कारणत्थं (kāraṇatthaṃ) | कारणानं (kāraṇānaṃ) |
Ablative (fifth) | कारणस्मा (kāraṇasmā) or कारणम्हा (kāraṇamhā) or कारणा (kāraṇā) | कारणेहि (kāraṇehi) or कारणेभि (kāraṇebhi) |
Genitive (sixth) | कारणस्स (kāraṇassa) | कारणानं (kāraṇānaṃ) |
Locative (seventh) | कारणस्मिं (kāraṇasmiṃ) or कारणम्हि (kāraṇamhi) or कारणे (kāraṇe) | कारणेसु (kāraṇesu) |
Vocative (calling) | कारण (kāraṇa) | कारणानि (kāraṇāni) |
Prakrit
Noun
कारण (kāraṇa) n
- Devanagari script form of 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- কাৰণ (Assamese script)
- ᬓᬵᬭᬡ (Balinese script)
- কারণ (Bengali script)
- 𑰎𑰯𑰨𑰜 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡 (Brahmi script)
- ကာရဏ (Burmese script)
- કારણ (Gujarati script)
- ਕਾਰਣ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌕𑌾𑌰𑌣 (Grantha script)
- ꦏꦴꦫꦟ (Javanese script)
- 𑂍𑂰𑂩𑂝 (Kaithi script)
- ಕಾರಣ (Kannada script)
- ការណ (Khmer script)
- ກາຣຓ (Lao script)
- കാരണ (Malayalam script)
- ᡬᠠ᠊ᠠᡵᠠᢏᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘎𑘰𑘨𑘜 (Modi script)
- ᢉᠠᢗᠷᠠᢏᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦮𑧑𑧈𑦼 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐎𑐵𑐬𑐞 (Newa script)
- କାରଣ (Odia script)
- ꢒꢵꢬꢠ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆑𑆳𑆫𑆟 (Sharada script)
- 𑖎𑖯𑖨𑖜 (Siddham script)
- කාරණ (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩜𑩛𑩼𑩪 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚊𑚭𑚤𑚘 (Takri script)
- காரண (Tamil script)
- కారణ (Telugu script)
- การณ (Thai script)
- ཀཱ་ར་ཎ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒏𑒰𑒩𑒝 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨋𑨊𑨫𑨘 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Vṛddhi derivative of करण (káraṇa), from the root कृ (kṛ).
Pronunciation
Noun
कारण • (kāraṇa) stem, n
- cause, reason, factor
- c. 400 BCE, Bhagavad Gītā 13.22:
- पुरुषः प्रकृतिस्थो हि भुङ्क्ते प्रकृतिजान्गुणान्। कारणं गुणसङ्गोऽस्य सदसद्योनिजन्मसु॥
- puruṣaḥ prakṛtistho hi bhuṅkte prakṛtijānguṇān. kāraṇaṃ guṇasaṅgoʼsya sadasadyonijanmasu.
- The living entity in material nature thus follows the ways of life, enjoying the three modes of nature. Its association with that material nature is the cause for this. Thus he meets with good and evil among various species.
- पुरुषः प्रकृतिस्थो हि भुङ्क्ते प्रकृतिजान्गुणान्। कारणं गुणसङ्गोऽस्य सदसद्योनिजन्मसु॥
- c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 11.18.6:
- स्वयं सञ्चिनुयात् सर्वमात्मनो वृत्तिकारणम्। देशकालबलाभिज्ञो नाददीतान्यदाहृतम्॥
- svayaṃ sañcinuyāt sarvamātmano vṛttikāraṇam. deśakālabalābhijño nādadītānyadāhṛtam.
- [A Vānaprastha] should personally collect whatever he requires for his bodily maintenance [lit. cause of his own sustenance], carefully considering the time, place and his own capacity. He should never collect provisions for the future.
- स्वयं सञ्चिनुयात् सर्वमात्मनो वृत्तिकारणम्। देशकालबलाभिज्ञो नाददीतान्यदाहृतम्॥
- c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 11.18.45:
- भक्त्योद्धवानपायिन्या सर्वलोकमहेश्वरम्। सर्वोत्पत्त्यप्ययं ब्रह्म कारणं मोपयाति सः॥
- bhaktyoddhavānapāyinyā sarvalokamaheśvaram. sarvotpattyapyayaṃ brahma kāraṇaṃ mopayāti saḥ.
- My dear Uddhava, I am the Supreme Lord of all worlds, and I create and destroy this universe, being its ultimate cause. I am thus the absolute truth, the cause [of the universe] and one who worships me with unfailing devotional service comes to me.
- भक्त्योद्धवानपायिन्या सर्वलोकमहेश्वरम्। सर्वोत्पत्त्यप्ययं ब्रह्म कारणं मोपयाति सः॥
- c. 700 CE – 900 CE, Bhāgavata Purāṇa 3.17.1:
- मैत्रेय उवाच
निशम्यात्मभुवा गीतं कारणं शङ्कयोज्झिताः। ततः सर्वे न्यवर्तन्त त्रिदिवाय दिवौकसः॥- maitreya uvāca
niśamyātmabhuvā gītaṃ kāraṇaṃ śaṅkayojjhitāḥ. tataḥ sarve nyavartanta tridivāya divaukasaḥ. - Śrī Maitreya said: The demigods, the inhabitants of the higher planets, were freed from all fear upon hearing the cause of the darkness explained by Brahmā, who was born from Viṣṇu. Thus they all returned to their respective planets.
- maitreya uvāca
- मैत्रेय उवाच
- instrument, means
- c. 400 BCE, Bhagavad Gītā 6.3:
- आरुरुक्षोर्मुनेर्योगं कर्म कारणम्उच्यते। योगारूढस्यतस्यैव शमः कारणम्उच्यते॥
- ārurukṣormuneryogaṃ karma kāraṇamucyate. yogārūḍhasyatasyaiva śamaḥ kāraṇamucyate.
- For one who is a neophyte in the eightfold yoga system, work is said to be the means; and for one who is already elevated in yoga, cessation of all material activities is said to be the means.
- आरुरुक्षोर्मुनेर्योगं कर्म कारणम्उच्यते। योगारूढस्यतस्यैव शमः कारणम्उच्यते॥
- motive, origin, principle
- an element, elementary matter
- the origin or plot of a play or poem
- that on which an opinion or judgement is founded (a sign, mark, a proof, a legal instrument, document)
- an organ of sense
- an action
- agency, instrumentality, condition
- "the cause of being", a father
- "cause of creation", a deity
- the body
- a kind of musical instrument
- a sort of song
- a number of scribes or kāyasthas
- killing, injury
Declension
Neuter a-stem declension of कारण (kāraṇa) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | कारणम् kāraṇam |
कारणे kāraṇe |
कारणानि / कारणा¹ kāraṇāni / kāraṇā¹ |
Vocative | कारण kāraṇa |
कारणे kāraṇe |
कारणानि / कारणा¹ kāraṇāni / kāraṇā¹ |
Accusative | कारणम् kāraṇam |
कारणे kāraṇe |
कारणानि / कारणा¹ kāraṇāni / kāraṇā¹ |
Instrumental | कारणेन kāraṇena |
कारणाभ्याम् kāraṇābhyām |
कारणैः / कारणेभिः¹ kāraṇaiḥ / kāraṇebhiḥ¹ |
Dative | कारणाय kāraṇāya |
कारणाभ्याम् kāraṇābhyām |
कारणेभ्यः kāraṇebhyaḥ |
Ablative | कारणात् kāraṇāt |
कारणाभ्याम् kāraṇābhyām |
कारणेभ्यः kāraṇebhyaḥ |
Genitive | कारणस्य kāraṇasya |
कारणयोः kāraṇayoḥ |
कारणानाम् kāraṇānām |
Locative | कारणे kāraṇe |
कारणयोः kāraṇayoḥ |
कारणेषु kāraṇeṣu |
Notes |
|
Descendants
- Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡 (kāraṇa)
- Prakrit: 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑀡 (kāraṇa) (see there for further descendants)
- Old Javanese: kāraṇa
- Pali: kāraṇa
Further reading
- Monier Williams (1899) “कारण”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 274, column 2.
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890) “कारण”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
- Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “kāraṇa”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “kāraṇa”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
Categories:
- Hindi terms derived from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Hindi terms derived from the Proto-Indo-Aryan root *kar-
- Hindi terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Hindi terms derived from the Proto-Indo-Iranian root *kar-
- Hindi terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Hindi terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷer-
- Hindi terms derived from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms derived from the Sanskrit root कृ
- Hindi terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hindi lemmas
- Hindi nouns
- Hindi masculine nouns
- Hindi terms with usage examples
- Hindi masculine consonant-stem nouns
- Konkani lemmas
- Konkani conjunctions
- Marathi terms derived from Prakrit
- Marathi terms inherited from Prakrit
- Marathi terms derived from Ashokan Prakrit
- Marathi terms inherited from Ashokan Prakrit
- Marathi terms derived from Sanskrit
- Marathi terms inherited from Sanskrit
- Marathi terms derived from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Marathi terms derived from the Proto-Indo-Aryan root *kar-
- Marathi terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Marathi terms derived from the Proto-Indo-Iranian root *kar-
- Marathi terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Marathi terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷer-
- Marathi terms derived from the Sanskrit root कृ
- Marathi terms inherited from Old Marathi
- Marathi terms derived from Old Marathi
- Marathi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Marathi lemmas
- Marathi conjunctions
- Marathi nouns
- Marathi nouns in Devanagari script
- Marathi neuter nouns
- Marathi nouns with declension
- Marathi neuter consonant-stem nouns
- Old Marathi lemmas
- Old Marathi nouns
- Old Marathi nouns in Devanagari script
- Old Marathi neuter nouns
- Pali lemmas
- Pali nouns
- Pali nouns in Devanagari script
- Pali neuter nouns
- Prakrit lemmas
- Prakrit nouns
- Prakrit nouns in Devanagari script
- Prakrit neuter nouns
- Sanskrit vrddhi derivatives
- Sanskrit terms belonging to the root कृ
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷer-
- Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sanskrit lemmas
- Sanskrit nouns
- Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit neuter nouns
- Sanskrit terms with quotations
- Sanskrit a-stem nouns