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  2. Wiktionary
  3. घोट्नु
घोट्नु

घोट्नु

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Nepali

Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit घट्टयति (ghaṭṭayati).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ɡʱo̤ʈɳu]
  • Phonetic Devanagari: घोट्नु

Verb

घोट्नु • (ghoṭnu)

  1. to rub
  2. to overwork, exploit
    Synonym: दल्नु (dalnu)

Conjugation

Conjugation of घोट्नु [ɡʱoʈnu]
Information
Stem घोट्- [ɡʱoʈ-]
Conjugation type 1st conjugation: consonant-ending stem, regular.
Derivatives
I-stem
(Passive) 		घोटिनु [ɡʱoʈinu]
A-stem
(Causative/Denominative) 		घोटाउनु [ɡʱoʈäu̯nu]
Non-finite forms
Infinitives घोट्नु [ɡʱoʈnu]
घोट्न‍ [ɡʱoʈnʌ]
Participles Affirmative (+) Negative (–)
Conjunctive घोटेर [ɡʱoʈeɾʌ]
घोटी [ɡʱoʈi]
घोटीकन‍ [ɡʱoʈikʌnʌ]		 नघोटेर‍ [nʌ ͜ ɡʱoʈeɾʌ]
नघोटी [nʌ ͜ ɡʱoʈi]
नघोटीकन‍ [nʌ ͜ ɡʱoʈikʌnʌ]
1st Perfect m. sing. घोटेको [ɡʱoʈeko] नघोटेको [nʌ ͜ ɡʱoʈeko]
f. sing. घोटेकी [ɡʱoʈeki] नघोटेकी [nʌ ͜ ɡʱoʈeki]
pl. घोटेका [ɡʱoʈekä] नघोटेका [nʌ ͜ ɡʱoʈekä]
high-resp. घोट्नुभएको [ɡʱoʈnu ͜ bʱʌeko] नघोट्नुभएको [nʌ ͜ ɡʱoʈnu ͜ bʱʌeko]
2nd Perfect normal घोटे [ɡʱoʈe] नघोटे [nʌ ͜ ɡʱoʈe]
high-resp. घोट्नुभए [ɡʱoʈnu ͜ bʱʌe] नघोट्नुभए [nʌ ͜ ɡʱoʈnu ͜ bʱʌe]
Imperfect normal घोट्दा [ɡʱoʈ̚d̪ä]
घोट्दै [ɡʱoʈ̚d̪ʌi̯]
घोट्दो [ɡʱoʈ̚d̪o]		 नघोट्दा [nʌ ͜ ɡʱoʈ̚d̪ä]
नघोट्दै [nʌ ͜ ɡʱoʈ̚d̪ʌi̯]
नघोट्दो [nʌ ͜ ɡʱoʈ̚d̪o]
high-resp. घोट्नुहुँदा [ɡʱoʈnuɦũd̪ä]
घोट्नुहुँदै [ɡʱoʈnuɦũd̪ʌi̯]
घोट्नुहुँदो [ɡʱoʈnuɦũd̪o]		 नघोट्नुहुँदा [nʌ ͜ ɡʱoʈnuɦũd̪ä]
नघोट्नुहुँदै [nʌ ͜ ɡʱoʈnuɦũd̪ʌi̯]
नघोट्नुहुँदो [nʌ ͜ ɡʱoʈnuɦũd̪o]
Infinitival normal घोट्ने [ɡʱoʈne] नघोट्ने [nʌ ͜ ɡʱoʈne]
high-resp. घोट्नुहुने [ɡʱoʈnuɦune] नघोट्नुहुने [nʌ ͜ ɡʱoʈnuɦune]
Absolutive घोटि [ɡʱoʈi]
Finite forms of घोट्नु [ɡʱoʈnu]
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 2nd & 3rd
Pronoun म
SING. 		हामी
PL. 		तँ
LOW-RESP.
SING. 		तिमी
MID-RESP. 		ऊ
LOW-RESP.
SING. 		उनी
MID-RESP. 		तपाईं / ऊहाँ
HIGH-RESP.
m f m f m f m f m f m f
Present + घोट्छु
[ɡʱoʈ̚t͡sʰu]		 घोट्छौं
[ɡʱoʈ̚t͡sʰʌ̃ũ̯]		 घोट्छस्
[ɡʱoʈ̚t͡sʰʌs]		 घोट्छेस्
[ɡʱoʈ̚t͡sʰes]		 घोट्छौ
[ɡʱoʈ̚t͡sʰʌu̯]		 घोट्छ्यौ
[ɡʱoʈ̚t͡sʰeu̯]		 घोट्छ
[ɡʱoʈ̚t͡sʰʌʌ]		 घोट्छे
[ɡʱoʈ̚t͡sʰe]		 घोट्छन्
[ɡʱoʈ̚t͡sʰʌn]		 घोट्छिन्
[ɡʱoʈ̚t͡sʰin]		 घोट्नुहुन्छ
[ɡʱoʈnuɦunt͡sʰʌ]
– घोट्दिनँ
[ɡʱoʈ̚d̪inʌ̃]		 घोट्दैनौं
[ɡʱoʈ̚d̪ʌi̯nʌ̃ũ̯]		 घोट्दैनस्
[ɡʱoʈ̚d̪ʌi̯nʌs]		 घोट्दिनेस्
[ɡʱoʈ̚d̪ines]		 घोट्दैनौ
[ɡʱoʈ̚d̪ʌi̯nʌu̯]		 घोट्दिनौ
[ɡʱoʈ̚d̪inʌu̯]		 घोट्दैन
[ɡʱoʈ̚d̪ʌi̯nʌ]		 घोट्दिने
[ɡʱoʈ̚d̪ine]		 घोट्दैनन्
[ɡʱoʈ̚d̪ʌi̯nʌn]		 घोट्दिनन्
[ɡʱoʈ̚d̪inʌn]		 घोट्नुहुँदैन
[ɡʱoʈnuɦũd̪ʌi̯nʌ]
Past Simple + घोटें
[ɡʱoʈẽ]		 घोट्यौं
[ɡʱoʈẽũ̯]		 घोटिस्
[ɡʱoʈis]		 घोट्यौ
[ɡʱoʈeu̯]		 घोट्यो
[ɡʱoʈjo]		 घोटी
[ɡʱoʈi]		 घोटे
[ɡʱoʈe]		 घोटिन्
[ɡʱoʈin]		 घोट्नुभयो
[ɡʱoʈnu ͜ bʱʌjo]
– घोटिनँ
[ɡʱoʈinʌ̃]		 घोटेनौं
[ɡʱoʈenʌ̃ũ̯]		 घोटेनस्
[ɡʱoʈenʌs]		 घोटिनेस्
[ɡʱoʈines]		 घोटेनौ
[ɡʱoʈenʌu̯]		 घोटेन
[ɡʱoʈenʌ]		 घोटिने
[ɡʱoʈine]		 घोटेनन्
[ɡʱoʈenʌn]		 घोटिनन्
[ɡʱoʈinʌn]		 घोट्नुभएन
[ɡʱoʈnu ͜ bʱʌenʌ]
Habitual + घोट्थें
[ɡʱoʈ̚t̪ʰẽ]		 घोट्थ्यौं
[ɡʱoʈ̚t̪ʰẽũ̯]		 घोट्थिस्
[ɡʱoʈ̚t̪ʰis]		 घोट्थ्यौ
[ɡʱoʈ̚t̪ʰeu̯]		 घोट्थ्यो
[ɡʱoʈ̚t̪ʰjo]		 घोट्थी
[ɡʱoʈ̚t̪ʰi]		 घोट्थे
[ɡʱoʈ̚t̪ʰe]		 घोट्थिन्
[ɡʱoʈ̚t̪ʰin]		 घोट्नुहुन्थ्यो
[ɡʱoʈnuɦun̪t̪ʰjo]
– घोट्दिनथें
[ɡʱoʈ̚d̪inʌt̪ʰẽ]		 घोट्दैनथ्यौं
[ɡʱoʈ̚d̪ʌi̯nʌt̪ʰẽũ̯]		 घोट्दैनथिस्
[ɡʱoʈ̚d̪ʌi̯nʌt̪ʰis]		 घोट्दिनथिस्
[ɡʱoʈ̚d̪inʌt̪ʰis]		 घोट्दैनथ्यौ
[ɡʱoʈ̚d̪ʌi̯nʌt̪ʰeu̯]		 घोट्दिनथ्यौ
[ɡʱoʈ̚d̪inʌt̪ʰeu̯]		 घोट्दैनथ्यो
[ɡʱoʈ̚d̪ʌi̯nʌt̪ʰjo]		 घोट्दैनथी
[ɡʱoʈ̚d̪ʌi̯nʌt̪ʰi]		 घोट्दैनथे
[ɡʱoʈ̚d̪ʌi̯nʌt̪ʰe]		 घोट्दिनथिन्
[ɡʱoʈ̚d̪inʌt̪ʰin]		 घोट्नुहुँदैनथ्यो
[ɡʱoʈnuɦũd̪ʌi̯nʌt̪ʰjo]
Unknown + घोटेछु
[ɡʱoʈet͡sʰu]		 घोटिछु
[ɡʱoʈit͡sʰu]		 घोटेछौं
[ɡʱoʈet͡sʰʌ̃ũ̯]		 घोटेछस्
[ɡʱoʈet͡sʰʌs]		 घोटिछेस्
[ɡʱoʈit͡sʰes]		 घोटेछौ
[ɡʱoʈet͡sʰʌu̯]		 घोटेछ
[ɡʱoʈet͡sʰʌ]		 घोटिछे
[ɡʱoʈit͡sʰe]		 घोटेछन्
[ɡʱoʈet͡sʰʌn]		 घोटिछिन्
[ɡʱoʈit͡sʰin]		 घोट्नुभएछ
[ɡʱoʈnu ͜ bʱʌet͡sʰʌ]
– घोटेनछु
[ɡʱoʈenʌt͡sʰu]		 घोटिनछु
[ɡʱoʈinʌt͡sʰu]		 घोटेनछौं
[ɡʱoʈenʌt͡sʰʌ̃ũ̯]		 घोटेनछस्
[ɡʱoʈenʌt͡sʰʌs]		 घोटिनछेस्
[ɡʱoʈinʌt͡sʰes]		 घोटेनछौ
[ɡʱoʈenʌt͡sʰʌu̯]		 घोटेनछ
[ɡʱoʈenʌt͡sʰʌ]		 घोटिनछे
[ɡʱoʈinʌt͡sʰe]		 घोटेनछन्
[ɡʱoʈenʌt͡sʰʌn]		 घोटिनछिन्
[ɡʱoʈinʌt͡sʰin]		 घोट्नुभएनछ
[ɡʱoʈnu ͜ bʱʌenʌt͡sʰʌ]
Future Definite + घोट्नेछु
[ɡʱoʈnet͡sʰu]		 घोट्नेछौं
[ɡʱoʈnet͡sʰʌ̃ũ̯]		 घोट्नेछस्
[ɡʱoʈnet͡sʰʌs]		 घोट्नेछेस्
[ɡʱoʈnet͡sʰes]		 घोट्नेछौ
[ɡʱoʈnet͡sʰʌu̯]		 घोट्नेछ्यौ
[ɡʱoʈnet͡sʰeu̯]		 घोट्नेछ
[ɡʱoʈnet͡sʰʌ]		 घोट्नेछे
[ɡʱoʈnet͡sʰe]		 घोट्नेछन्
[ɡʱoʈnet͡sʰʌn]		 घोट्नेछिन्
[ɡʱoʈnet͡sʰin]		 घोट्नुहुनेछ
[ɡʱoʈnuɦunet͡sʰʌ]
– घोट्नेछैनँ
[ɡʱoʈnet͡sʰʌi̯nʌ̃]		 घोट्नेछैनौं
[ɡʱoʈnet͡sʰʌi̯nʌ̃ũ̯]		 घोट्नेछैनस्
[ɡʱoʈnet͡sʰʌi̯nʌs]		 घोट्नेछैनेस्
[ɡʱoʈnet͡sʰʌi̯nes]		 घोट्नेछैनौ
[ɡʱoʈnet͡sʰʌi̯nʌu̯]		 घोट्नेछैन
[ɡʱoʈnet͡sʰʌi̯nʌ]		 घोट्नेछैनन्
[ɡʱoʈnet͡sʰʌi̯nʌn]		 घोट्नुहुनेछैन
[ɡʱoʈnuɦunet͡sʰʌi̯nʌ]
Indefinite + घोटुँला
[ɡʱoʈũlä]		 घोटुँली
[ɡʱoʈũli]		 घोटौंला
[ɡʱoʈʌ̃ũ̯lä]		 घोट्लास्
[ɡʱoʈläs]		 घोट्लिस्
[ɡʱoʈlis]		 घोटौला, घोट्लाउ
[ɡʱoʈʌu̯lä, ɡʱoʈläu̯]		 घोटौली, घोट्लेउ
[ɡʱoʈʌu̯li, ɡʱoʈleu̯]		 घोट्ला
[ɡʱoʈlä]		 घोट्ली
[ɡʱoʈli]		 घोट्लान्, घोट्नन्
[ɡʱoʈlän, ɡʱoʈnʌn]		 घोट्लिन्, घोट्निन्
[ɡʱoʈlin, ɡʱoʈnin]		 घोट्नुहोला
[ɡʱoʈnuɦolä]
– घोटोइनँ
[ɡʱoʈoi̯nʌ̃]		 घोटोइनौं
[ɡʱoʈoi̯nʌ̃ũ̯]		 घोटोइनस्
[ɡʱoʈoi̯nʌs]		 घोटोइनौ
[ɡʱoʈoi̯nʌu̯]		 घोटोइन
[ɡʱoʈoi̯nʌ]		 घोटोइनन्
[ɡʱoʈoi̯nʌn]		 घोट्नुहोओइन
[ɡʱoʈnuɦooi̯nʌ]
नघोटुँला
[nʌ ͜ ɡʱoʈũlä]		 नघोटुँली
[nʌ ͜ ɡʱoʈũli]		 नघोटौंला
[nʌ ͜ ɡʱoʈʌ̃ũ̯lä]		 नघोट्लास्
[nʌ ͜ ɡʱoʈläs]		 नघोट्लिस्
[nʌ ͜ ɡʱoʈlis]		 नघोटौला, नघोट्लाउ
[nʌ ͜ ɡʱoʈʌu̯lä, nʌ ͜ ɡʱoʈläu̯]		 नघोटौली, नघोट्लेउ
[nʌ ͜ ɡʱoʈʌu̯li, nʌ ͜ ɡʱoʈleu̯]		 नघोट्ला
[nʌ ͜ ɡʱoʈlä]		 नघोट्ली
[nʌ ͜ ɡʱoʈli]		 नघोट्लान्, नघोट्नन्
[nʌ ͜ ɡʱoʈlän, nʌ ͜ ɡʱoʈnʌn]		 नघोट्लिन्, नघोट्निन्
[nʌ ͜ ɡʱoʈlin, nʌ ͜ ɡʱoʈnin]		 नघोट्नुहोला
[nʌ ͜ ɡʱoʈnuɦolä]
Injunctive + घोटूँ
[ɡʱoʈũ]		 घोटौं, घोटूँ
[ɡʱoʈʌ̃ũ̯, ɡʱoʈũ]		 घोट्, घोटेस्, घोटे
[ɡʱoʈ, ɡʱoʈes, ɡʱoʈe]		 घोट, घोटे
[ɡʱoʈʌ, ɡʱoʈe]		 घोटोस्
[ɡʱoʈos]		 घोटून्
[ɡʱoʈun]		 घोट्नुहोओस्
[ɡʱoʈnuɦoos]
– नघोटूँ
[nʌ ͜ ɡʱoʈũ]		 नघोटौं, नघोटूँ
[nʌ ͜ ɡʱoʈʌ̃ũ̯, nʌ ͜ ɡʱoʈũ]		 नघोट्, नघोटेस्, नघोटे
[nʌ ͜ ɡʱoʈ, nʌ ͜ ɡʱoʈes, nʌ ͜ ɡʱoʈe]		 नघोट, नघोटे
[nʌ ͜ ɡʱoʈʌ, nʌ ͜ ɡʱoʈe]		 नघोटोस्
[nʌ ͜ ɡʱoʈos]		 नघोटून्
[nʌ ͜ ɡʱoʈun]		 नघोट्नुहोओस्
[nʌ ͜ ɡʱoʈnuɦoos]
Imperative + — — घोट्
[ɡʱoʈ]		 घोट
[ɡʱoʈʌ]		 — — घोट्नुहोस्, घोट्नोस्
[ɡʱoʈnuɦos, ɡʱoʈnos]
– — — नघोट्
[nʌ ͜ ɡʱoʈ]		 नघोट
[nʌ ͜ ɡʱoʈʌ]		 — — नघोट्नुहोस्, नघोट्नोस्
[nʌɡʱoʈnuɦos, nʌɡʱoʈnos]

References

  • “घोट्नु”, in नेपाली बृहत् शब्दकोश (nepālī br̥hat śabdakoś) [Comprehensive Nepali Dictionary]‎[1], Kathmandu: Nepal Academy, 2018
  • Schmidt, Ruth L. (1993) “घोट्नु”, in A Practical Dictionary of Modern Nepali, Ratna Sagar
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