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Rime
|
Character
|
書
|
函
|
函
|
Reading #
|
1/1
|
1/2
|
2/2
|
Initial (聲)
|
書 (26)
|
匣 (33)
|
匣 (33)
|
Final (韻)
|
魚 (22)
|
覃 (159)
|
咸 (151)
|
Tone (調)
|
Level (Ø)
|
Level (Ø)
|
Level (Ø)
|
Openness (開合)
|
Open
|
Open
|
Open
|
Division (等)
|
III
|
I
|
II
|
Fanqie
|
傷魚切
|
胡男切
|
胡讒切
|
Baxter
|
syo
|
hom
|
heam
|
Reconstructions
|
Zhengzhang Shangfang
|
/ɕɨʌ/
|
/ɦʌm/
|
/ɦˠɛm/
|
Pan Wuyun
|
/ɕiɔ/
|
/ɦəm/
|
/ɦᵚæm/
|
Shao Rongfen
|
/ɕiɔ/
|
/ɣɒm/
|
/ɣɐm/
|
Edwin Pulleyblank
|
/ɕɨə̆/
|
/ɦəm/
|
/ɦəɨm/
|
Li Rong
|
/ɕiɔ/
|
/ɣᴀm/
|
/ɣɐm/
|
Wang Li
|
/ɕĭo/
|
/ɣɒm/
|
/ɣɐm/
|
Bernard Karlgren
|
/ɕi̯wo/
|
/ɣăm/
|
/ɣăm/
|
Expected Mandarin Reflex
|
shū
|
hán
|
xián
|
Expected Cantonese Reflex
|
syu1
|
ham4
|
haam4
|
書函
- slipcase; book cover
- letter; correspondence; written correspondence
- 信
- 信件 (xìnjiàn)
- 信函 (xìnhán)
- 信札 (xìnzhá)
- 八行 (bāháng) (literary)
- 八行書/八行书 (bāhángshū) (literary)
- 函件 (hánjiàn)
- 手書/手书 (shǒushū) (literary)
- 手簡/手简 (shǒujiǎn) (literary)
- 書/书 (shū) (literary, or in compounds)
- 書信/书信 (shūxìn) (formal)
- 書札/书札 (shūzhá) (literary)
- 書牘/书牍 (shūdú) (literary)
- 書簡/书简 (shūjiǎn) (literary)
- 筆札/笔札 (bǐzhá) (literary, figurative)
- 簡/简 (jiǎn) (literary, or in compounds)
- 鴻/鸿 (hóng) (literary, figurative)
Dialectal synonyms of
信 (“letter”)
[map]
Variety
|
Location
|
Words
|
Classical Chinese
|
書, 函, 書札, 書函, 便紙 Korea
|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)
|
信, 函, 書信, 信件, 信函, 信札, 函件, 書函, 書簡, 書牘, 書札
|
Northeastern Mandarin
|
Beijing
|
信
|
Taiwan
|
信
|
Malaysia
|
信
|
Singapore
|
信
|
Jilu Mandarin
|
Jinan
|
信
|
Jiaoliao Mandarin
|
Yantai (Muping)
|
信
|
Central Plains Mandarin
|
Luoyang
|
信
|
Wanrong
|
信
|
Xi'an
|
信
|
Xining
|
信
|
Xuzhou
|
信
|
Lanyin Mandarin
|
Yinchuan
|
信
|
Lanzhou
|
信
|
Ürümqi
|
信
|
Southwestern Mandarin
|
Chengdu
|
信
|
Wuhan
|
信
|
Guiyang
|
信
|
Guilin
|
信
|
Liuzhou
|
信
|
Dagudi (Maliba)
|
信
|
Reshuitang (Longling)
|
信
|
Mae Salong (Lancang)
|
信
|
Mae Sai (Tengchong)
|
信
|
Jianghuai Mandarin
|
Nanjing
|
信
|
Yangzhou
|
信
|
Hefei
|
信
|
Cantonese
|
Guangzhou
|
信
|
Hong Kong
|
信
|
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)
|
信
|
Macau
|
信
|
Guangzhou (Panyu)
|
信
|
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)
|
信
|
Guangzhou (Conghua)
|
信
|
Guangzhou (Zengcheng)
|
信
|
Foshan
|
信
|
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)
|
信
|
Foshan (Shunde)
|
信
|
Foshan (Sanshui)
|
信
|
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)
|
信
|
Zhongshan (Shiqi)
|
信
|
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)
|
信
|
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)
|
信
|
Zhuhai (Doumen)
|
信
|
Jiangmen (Baisha)
|
信
|
Jiangmen (Xinhui)
|
信
|
Taishan
|
信
|
Kaiping (Chikan)
|
信
|
Enping (Niujiang)
|
信
|
Heshan (Yayao)
|
信
|
Dongguan
|
信
|
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)
|
信
|
Shaoguan
|
信
|
Yunfu
|
信
|
Yangjiang
|
信
|
Xinyi
|
信
|
Lianjiang
|
信
|
Beihai
|
信
|
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)
|
信
|
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)
|
信
|
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)
|
信
|
Singapore (Guangfu)
|
信
|
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)
|
信
|
Móng Cái
|
信
|
Gan
|
Nanchang
|
信
|
Lichuan
|
信
|
Pingxiang
|
信
|
Hakka
|
Meixian
|
信
|
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)
|
信
|
Dongguan (Qingxi)
|
信
|
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)
|
信
|
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)
|
信
|
Wuhua (Shuizhai)
|
信
|
Wuhua (Huacheng)
|
信
|
Wuhua (Changbu)
|
信
|
Wuhua (Mianyang)
|
信
|
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)
|
信
|
Luhe
|
信仔
|
Yudu
|
信
|
Miaoli (N. Sixian)
|
信仔
|
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)
|
信仔
|
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)
|
信仔
|
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)
|
信
|
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)
|
信仔, 信
|
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)
|
批, 信
|
Hong Kong
|
信
|
Huizhou
|
Jixi
|
信
|
Jin
|
Taiyuan
|
信
|
Xinzhou
|
信
|
Northern Min
|
Jian'ou
|
信
|
Songxi
|
信
|
Jianyang
|
信
|
Eastern Min
|
Fuzhou
|
批
|
Gutian
|
批
|
Pingnan
|
批, 信
|
Ningde
|
批
|
Zhouning
|
批
|
Fuding
|
信
|
Matsu
|
批
|
Singapore (Fuqing)
|
批
|
Southern Min
|
Xiamen
|
批, 批信
|
Quanzhou
|
批, 批信
|
Yongchun
|
批
|
Zhangzhou
|
批, 批信
|
Zhao'an
|
批
|
Taipei
|
批
|
New Taipei (Sanxia)
|
批
|
Kaohsiung
|
批
|
Yilan
|
批
|
Changhua (Lukang)
|
批
|
Taichung
|
批
|
Taichung (Wuqi)
|
批
|
Tainan
|
批, 批信
|
Taitung
|
批
|
Hsinchu
|
批
|
Kinmen
|
批
|
Penghu (Magong)
|
批
|
Penang (Hokkien)
|
批
|
Singapore (Hokkien)
|
批, 批信
|
Manila (Hokkien)
|
批
|
Longyan
|
信
|
Datian
|
信
|
Chaozhou
|
信, 批 international incoming letters
|
Bangkok (Teochew)
|
信, 家批 dated
|
Singapore (Teochew)
|
信, 批
|
Batam (Teochew)
|
信
|
Leizhou
|
信
|
Wenchang
|
信 domestic, 批 international
|
Haikou
|
信
|
Singapore (Hainanese)
|
信, 批
|
Puxian Min
|
Putian
|
批
|
Xianyou
|
批
|
Fuding (Aoyao)
|
批
|
Central Min
|
Yong'an
|
信
|
Sanming (Shaxian)
|
信
|
Zhongshan Min
|
Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)
|
信
|
Southern Pinghua
|
Nanning (Tingzi)
|
信
|
Wu
|
Shanghai
|
信
|
Shanghai (Chongming)
|
信
|
Suzhou
|
信
|
Danyang
|
信
|
Ningbo
|
信
|
Wenzhou
|
信
|
Jinhua
|
信
|
Xiang
|
Changsha
|
信
|
Loudi
|
信
|
Shuangfeng
|
信
|