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  2. Wiktionary
  3. 桃
桃

桃

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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桃 U+6843, 桃
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6843
← 桂
[U+6842] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 桄 →
[U+6844]

Translingual

Han character

桃 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 木中一人 (DLMO), four-corner 42913, composition ⿰木兆)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 525, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14757
  • Dae Jaweon: page 913, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1202, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+6843

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 桃
Wikipedia has articles on:
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 桃
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (兆) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
挑 *l̥ʰaːw, *l̥ʰeːw, *l'eːwʔ
洮 *l̥ʰaːw, *l'aːw, *lew
桃 *l'aːw
逃 *l'aːw
咷 *l'aːw, *l̥ʰeːws
鼗 *l'aːw
鞉 *l'aːw
駣 *l'aːw, *l'aːwʔ, *l'aːws, *l'ewʔ
𣂁 *sl̥ʰew
脁 *l̥ʰews
晁 *l'ew
兆 *l'ewʔ
旐 *l'ewʔ
狣 *l'ewʔ
鮡 *l'ewʔ, *l'eːw
垗 *l'ewʔ
姚 *lew
珧 *lew
銚 *lew, *l̥ʰeːw, *l'eːws
恌 *lew, *l̥ʰeːw
烑 *lew
餆 *lew
筄 *lews
艞 *lews
佻 *l̥ʰeːw, *l'eːw
祧 *l̥ʰeːw
朓 *l̥ʰeːw, *l̥ʰeːwʔ
庣 *l̥ʰeːw
趒 *l̥ʰeːw, *l̥ʰeːws, *l'eːw
聎 *l̥ʰeːw
眺 *l̥ʰeːws
覜 *l̥ʰeːws
頫 *l̥ʰeːws, *poʔ
絩 *l̥ʰeːws
跳 *l̥ʰeːws, *l'eːw
窕 *l'eːwʔ
誂 *l'eːwʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'aːw) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 兆 (OC *l'ewʔ).

Etymology

Possibly borrowed from the linguistic ancestor of Proto-Hmong-Mien *glaau³ᴬ (Bodman 1980, Schuessler, 2007). The oldest-known domesticated peach stones so far have been excavated in Zhejiang, east of the Central Plain cradle of Chinese civilization.

Pronunciation

Note:
  • thô/thô͘ - literary;
  • tô - vernacular (limited, e.g. 楊桃).
Note: do5 - limited, e.g. 楊桃.
Rime
Character 桃
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 定 (7)
Final (韻) 豪 (89)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 徒刀切
Baxter daw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/dɑu/
Pan
Wuyun 		/dɑu/
Shao
Rongfen 		/dɑu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/daw/
Li
Rong 		/dɑu/
Wang
Li 		/dɑu/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/dʱɑu/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		táo
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		tou4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 桃
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		táo
Middle
Chinese 		‹ daw ›
Old
Chinese 		/*C.lˁaw/
English peach

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 桃
Reading # 1/1
No. 16844
Phonetic
component 		兆
Rime
group 		宵
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		陶
Old
Chinese 		/*l'aːw/

Definitions

桃

  1. peach tree (Prunus persica)
    桃花  ―  táohuā  ―  peach flower
    桃樹／桃树  ―  táo shù  ―  peach tree
  2. peach (fruit)
  3. peach-shaped object
  4. birthday
    壽桃包／寿桃包  ―  shòutáobāo  ―  longevity peach bun
  5. (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) immature poultry or livestock
  6. walnut
  7. a surname: Tao

Synonyms

  • (peach):
Dialectal synonyms of 桃子 (“peach”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 桃子
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 桃兒
Taiwan 桃子
Harbin 桃兒
Shenyang 桃兒
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 桃, 桃兒
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 桃子
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 桃兒
Wanrong 桃
Zhengzhou 桃
Xi'an 桃
Xining 桃兒
Xuzhou 桃子, 桃
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 桃兒
Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) 桃兒
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 桃子
Lanzhou 桃兒
Ürümqi 桃子
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 桃子
Wuhan 桃子
Guiyang 桃子
Kunming 桃子, 桃
Guilin 桃子
Liuzhou 桃子, 桃子果
Dagudi (Maliba) 桃子, 桃子果
Reshuitang (Longling) 桃子果
Mae Salong (Lancang) 桃子果
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 桃
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 桃子
Yangzhou 桃子
Hefei 桃子
Huanggang 桃子
Cantonese Guangzhou 桃
Hong Kong 桃
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 桃
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 桃仔, 桃
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 桃仔
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 桃仔
Macau 桃
Guangzhou (Panyu) 桃
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 桃仔
Guangzhou (Conghua) 桃仔
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 桃
Foshan 桃
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 桃
Foshan (Shunde) 桃
Foshan (Sanshui) 桃
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 桃
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 桃
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 桃
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 桃
Zhuhai (Doumen) 桃
Jiangmen (Baisha) 桃
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 桃
Taishan 桃, 桃果
Kaiping (Chikan) 桃
Enping (Niujiang) 桃
Heshan (Yayao) 桃果
Dongguan 桃
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 桃
Shaoguan 桃
Yunfu 桃仔
Yangjiang 桃子
Xinyi 桃子
Lianjiang 桃子
Nanning 桃子, 桃
Wuzhou 桃子, 桃
Yulin 桃子
Hepu (Lianzhou) 桃子
Danzhou 桃
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 桃
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 桃
Gan Nanchang 桃子
Lichuan 桃仔
Pingxiang 桃子
Hakka Meixian 桃仔
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 桃
Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua) 桃哩
Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua) 桃哩
Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua) 桃仔
Dongguan (Qingxi) 桃
Longmen (Pingling Bendihua) 桃哩
Longmen (Luxi Bendihua) 桃
Boluo (Bendihua) 桃
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 桃仔
Zengcheng (Zhengguo) 桃仔
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 桃子
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 桃哩
Wuhua (Huacheng) 桃哩
Wuhua (Changbu) 桃哩
Wuhua (Mianyang) 桃哩
Heyuan (Bendihua) 桃咧, 桃
Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua) 桃哩
Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua) 桃哎
Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua) 桃哎
Heping (Linzhai Bendihua) 桃蒂
Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua) 桃
Lianping (Longjie Bendihua) 桃
Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua) 桃
Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua) 桃
Liannan 桃子
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 桃仔
Jiexi 桃
Changting 桃哩
Ninghua 桃仔
Yudu 桃子
Shicheng 桃
Shangyou (Shexi) 桃子
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 桃仔
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 桃仔
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 桃仔
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 桃
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 桃仔, 桃
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 桃
Hong Kong 桃仔
Luchuan 桃
Luchuan (Daqiao) 桃子
Sabah (Longchuan) 桃
Senai (Huiyang) 桃子
Huizhou Jixi 桃
Shexian 桃
Huangshan (Tunxi) 桃
Xiuning 桃
Yixian 桃
Qimen 桃吶
Wuyuan 桃仂
Jin Taiyuan 桃兒
Pingyao 桃兒
Xinzhou 桃兒
Hohhot 桃
Northern Min Jian'ou 桃仔, 桃
Jian'ou (Dikou) 桃
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 桃
Pucheng (Shibei) 桃仔
Eastern Min Fuzhou 桃
Fuqing 桃
Matsu 桃
Southern Min Xiamen 桃仔, 桃
Quanzhou 桃仔, 桃
Zhangzhou 桃仔, 桃
Dongshan 桃仔
Taipei 桃仔
New Taipei (Sanxia) 桃仔
Kaohsiung 桃仔
Yilan 桃仔
Changhua (Lukang) 桃仔
Taichung 桃仔
Tainan 桃仔
Hsinchu 桃仔
Kinmen 桃, 桃仔
Penghu (Magong) 桃
Penang (Hokkien) 桃
Singapore (Hokkien) 桃
Manila (Hokkien) 桃仔
Zhangping (Yongfu) 桃仔
Datian 桃仔
Pingnan (Shangdu) 桃
Chaozhou 桃
Shantou 桃
Haifeng 桃仔
Bangkok (Teochew) 桃
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 桃
Wenchang 桃子
Haikou 桃子
Puxian Min Putian 桃
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 桃
Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 桃囝
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 桃子, 桃
Wu Shanghai 桃子
Shanghai (Chongming) 桃子
Suzhou 桃子
Wuxi 桃子
Danyang 桃子
Hangzhou 桃子
Ningbo 桃子
Wenzhou 桃兒
Jinhua 桃兒, 桃
Xiang Changsha 桃子
Loudi 桃子
Shuangfeng 桃子
Quanzhou 桃
  • (walnut):
Dialectal synonyms of 核桃 (“walnut”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 核桃, 胡桃, 桃
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 核桃
Taiwan 核桃
Harbin 核桃
Singapore 核桃
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 核桃
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 核桃
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 核桃
Wanrong 核桃
Xi'an 核桃
Xining 核桃
Xuzhou 核桃
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 核桃
Lanzhou 核桃
Ürümqi 核桃
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 核桃
Wuhan 核桃
Guiyang 核桃
Guilin 核桃
Liuzhou 核桃
Dagudi (Maliba) 核桃
Reshuitang (Longling) 核桃
Mae Salong (Lancang) 核桃
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 核桃
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 胡桃, 核桃
Yangzhou 核桃
Hefei 核桃
Cantonese Guangzhou 合桃
Hong Kong 合桃
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 合桃
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 合桃
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 核桃
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 合桃
Macau 合桃
Guangzhou (Panyu) 合桃
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 合桃
Guangzhou (Conghua) 合桃
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 合桃
Foshan 合桃
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 合桃
Foshan (Shunde) 合桃
Foshan (Sanshui) 合桃
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 合桃
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 合桃
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 合桃
Zhuhai (Doumen) 合桃
Jiangmen (Baisha) 合桃
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 合桃
Taishan 合桃
Kaiping (Chikan) 合桃
Enping (Niujiang) 合桃
Heshan (Yayao) 合桃
Dongguan 合桃
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 合桃
Shaoguan 合桃
Yunfu 合桃
Yangjiang 核桃
Lianjiang 核桃
Nanning 核桃
Wuzhou 核桃, 合桃
Yulin 核桃
Hepu (Lianzhou) 核桃
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 核桃
Gan Nanchang 核桃
Lichuan 核桃
Pingxiang 核桃
Hakka Meixian 核桃, 合桃
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 合桃
Dongguan (Qingxi) 合桃
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 合桃
Zengcheng (Zhengguo) 合桃
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 合桃
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 合桃
Hong Kong 合桃
Luchuan (Daqiao) 核桃
Jin Taiyuan 核桃
Xinzhou 圪桃
Northern Min Jian'ou 核桃
Eastern Min Fuzhou 核桃
Southern Min Xiamen 核桃
Pingnan (Shangdu) 核桃
Chaozhou 合桃
Shantou 合桃
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 合桃
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 核桃
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 核桃
Wu Shanghai 蒲桃, 胡桃
Shanghai (Chongming) 蒲桃
Suzhou 胡桃
Danyang 胡桃
Hangzhou 大核桃, 大胡桃
Ningbo 胡桃
Wenzhou 核桃
Jinhua 胡桃
Xiang Changsha 核桃
Shuangfeng 核桃
Quanzhou 核桃

Compounds

Descendants

  • → Thai: ท้อ (tɔ́ɔ)

Japanese

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja

Kanji

桃

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. peach

Readings

  • Go-on: どう (dō)←だう (dau, historical)
  • Kan-on: とう (tō, Jōyō)←たう (tau, historical)
  • Kun: もも (momo, 桃, Jōyō)

Compounds

Compounds

Etymology

Kanji in this term
桃
もも
Grade: S
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *momo. Mentioned in the Nihon Shoki of 720.[1]

Brought to Japan in antiquity, with pits found in prehistoric sites from the Yayoi period, 300 BCE - 300 CE. Mentioned as a food in documents from the Nara and Heian periods.[1]

Ultimate derivation unknown. Theories include the following.

  • Possibly derived originally from a reduplication of 実 (Old Japanese mu, modern Japanese mi, “fruit”), from the way that peaches often grow in clusters. However, the vowel shift seems unlikely given regular Japanese phonetic shifts. In addition, most reduplicated terms in Japanese have the 頭高型 (atamadaka-gata) pitch accent pattern, starting high and falling, which differs from the 平板型 (heiban-gata) pitch accent pattern of this term.
  • Possibly cognate with Old Japanese 百 (momo, “hundred; lots”). However, this also has the 頭高型 (atamadaka-gata) pitch accent pattern.
  • Possibly a reduplication of 毛 (mo, “hair”), from the way that peaches are hairy. The term is spelled as 毛毛 in some ancient documents. However, 毛 was commonly used as man'yōgana for its phonetic value, in which cases its original Chinese meaning of hair is usually ignored.

None of the above possibilities seems very compelling. Given the archaeological evidence, this term probably originated before the Japanese ancestor population migrated to the Japanese archipelago.

Possibly related to 梅 (ancient mume, modern ume, “Japanese apricot, Japanese plum”).

Pronunciation

Noun

桃(もも) or 桃(モモ) • (momo) 

  1. [from 720] peach
  2. [from 720] peach tree

Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as モモ.

Derived terms

Derived terms

Idioms

Idioms

Descendants

  • >? Ainu: モマ (moma, “Japanese peach, Japanese apricot”)

Proper noun

桃(もも) • (Momo) 

  1. a female given name

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 “桃”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 “もも 【桃】Paid subscription required”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[2] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

桃 (eumhun 복숭아 나무 도 (boksung'a namu do))

  1. hanja form? of 도 (“peach”)
  2. hanja form? of 도 (“marriage”)

Okinawan

Kanji

桃

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

Etymology

Kanji in this term
桃
むむ
Grade: S
kun'yomi

From Proto-Ryukyuan *momo, from Proto-Japonic *momo. Cognate with Japanese 桃 (momo).

Noun

桃(むむ) (mumu) 

  1. peach

Vietnamese

Han character

桃: Hán Nôm readings: đào

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Pusat Layanan

UNIVERSITAS TEKNOKRAT INDONESIA | ASEAN's Best Private University
Jl. ZA. Pagar Alam No.9 -11, Labuhan Ratu, Kec. Kedaton, Kota Bandar Lampung, Lampung 35132
Phone: (0721) 702022
Email: pmb@teknokrat.ac.id