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  2. Wiktionary
  3. 琉璃
琉璃

琉璃

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Chinese

phonetic
trad. (琉璃) 琉 璃
simp. #(琉璃) 琉 璃
alternative forms 瑠璃
流離／流离
Wikipedia has an article on:

Etymology

From an unidentified language in the Western Regions, perhaps a Middle Indo-Aryan language, e.g. Gandhari 𐨬𐨅𐨜𐨂𐨪𐨁𐨩 (veḍuriya),[1] a form attested in as a component in a proper noun. Compare Pali veḷuriya (“precious stone, maybe lapis lazuli”), Sanskrit वैडूर्य (vaiḍūrya, “cat's-eye, beryl”),[2] whence Chinese 吠瑠璃 (fèiliúlí). The Middle Chinese reflex may have been subjected to hyperthesis with the ḍ- and r- syllables exchanged, with further ḍ > l (Ji, 1998v4).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 琉 璃
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 尤 (136) 支 (11)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 力求切 呂支切
Baxter ljuw lje
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/lɨu/ /liᴇ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/liu/ /liɛ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/liəu/ /ljɛ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/luw/ /liə̆/
Li
Rong 		/liu/ /lie/
Wang
Li 		/lĭəu/ /lǐe/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/li̯ə̯u/ /lie̯/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		liú lí
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		lau4 lei4
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 琉 璃
Reading # 1/1 2/2
No. 8337 7781
Phonetic
component 		流 离
Rime
group 		幽 歌
Rime
subdivision 		1 2
Corresponding
MC rime 		劉 離
Old
Chinese 		/*ru/ /*rel/
Notes 同瑠 琉璃譯vaiḍūrya漢書西域傳譯作璧流離

Noun

琉璃

  1. (literary, originally) a kind of blue and translucent natural precious stone, probably lapis lazuli
  2. coloured glaze similar to this kind of stone
  3. (literary) Synonym of 玻璃 (“glass”)
  4. (literary) lamp made from glass
  5. (literary, figuratively) any translucent object
  6. (Beijing Mandarin) dragonfly

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 蜻蜓 (“dragonfly”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 蜻, 蜻蜓, 蜻蛉, 虰蛵
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 蜻蜓
Taxonomic name 蜻蜓
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 螞螂, 老琉璃, 琉璃, 蜻蜓
Taiwan 蜻蜓
Langfang 螞螂
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 螞螂兒
Harbin 蜻蜓, 螞螂
Shenyang 螞螂
Singapore 蜻蜓
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 老褐, 老蜓
Tangshan 螞螂
Cangzhou 螞螂
Baoding 螞螂
Shijiazhuang 螞螂兒
Jinan 蜻蜓
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 蜻蜓兒, 老老擔兒
Qingdao 蜻蜓
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 虰虰
Daming 抨抨砣
Wanrong 棒槌
Zhengzhou 虰虰, 麥虰虰
Xi'an 螞螂
Xining 蜻蜓
Xuzhou 光光蜓
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 老虎招招
Lanzhou 春官
Ürümqi 蜻蜓
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 虰虰貓兒, 蜻蜓
Wuhan 虰虰
Guiyang 蜻蜓
Kunming 蜻蜓
Guilin 蜻蜓
Guanyang 咩咩蛘
Pingle 咩咩蛘
Liuzhou 塘咩, 蜻蜓
Luzhai 蜻蜓
Tianlin (Langping) 沙蛘
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 蜻蜻, 蜻蜓
Yangzhou 蜻蜻子
Nantong 䗌虰
Hefei 蜻蜻, 蜻蜻子
Huanggang 蜻雀兒
Mandarin Fuzhou (Qinjiang, Changle) 螞螂
Cantonese Guangzhou 塘尾
Hong Kong 蜻蜓, 塘尾
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 囊蜊
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 囊蜺
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 囊蜊
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 囊蜊
Macau 塘尾
Guangzhou (Panyu) 塘尾
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 揚尾
Guangzhou (Conghua) 囊泥
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 囊蜊
Foshan 塘尾
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 塘尾
Foshan (Shunde) 塘蜊
Foshan (Sanshui) 塘尾
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 塘尾
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 塘尾
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 蟲尾
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 塘尾
Zhuhai (Doumen) 囊蜺
Jiangmen (Baisha) 郎里
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 囊蜺
Taishan 黃尾
Kaiping (Chikan) 黃蜺
Enping (Niujiang) 禾狸
Heshan (Yayao) 娘迷
Dongguan 䗧蛜
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 塘泥
Shenzhen (Dapeng) 蜋蜺
Qingyuan 黃尾池
Fogang 囊泥
Yingde (Hanguang) 楊眉池
Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) 蜻蜓
Shaoguan 塘蜊
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 蜋尾
Renhua 羅尾仔
Lechang 塘尾, 後尾
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 塘尾
Sihui 落尼
Guangning 塘尼
Deqing 塘尼
Huaiji 蜋蜊
Yunfu 塘尾
Xinxing 塘尾
Luoding 塘尼
Yangjiang 朋蜺
Xinyi 癩痢
Maoming (Xinpo) 囊呢
Nanning 塘咩
Wuzhou 塘蜺
Yulin 塘蜺
Hepu (Lianzhou) 蜻蜓
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 塘尾
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 塘尾
Gan Nanchang 虰虰, 蜻蜓
Lichuan 港雞
Pingxiang 揚尾
Hakka Meixian 囊蜺仔, 囊蜺, 囊尾
Xingning 黃咪哩
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 囊蜺
Huiyang 黃蜺仔, 黃蜺
Huidong (Daling) 黃蜺仔
Dongguan (Qingxi) 黃蜺
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 黃蜺
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 黃你
Wuhua (Huacheng) 黃尾哩, 娘尾哩
Wuhua (Meilin) 囊蜺哩
Heyuan (Bendihua) 囊蜺
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 龍蟻子
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 囊蜺
Liannan 囊蜺
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 黃蜺
Jiexi 囊蜺
Changting 挪尾
Wuping 羊必子
Wuping (Pingyu) 揚尾子
Liancheng 蒙里
Ninghua 管胚
Yudu 塘尾
Ruijin 囊蟻子
Shicheng 康雞
Shangyou (Shexi) 塘子
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 揚尾仔
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 揚尾仔
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 囊蜺仔, 揚尾仔
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 揚尾
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 囊蜺仔
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 蛘蜺
Hong Kong 黃蜺
Luchuan 螗蜊
Sabah (Longchuan) 囊蜺
Senai (Huiyang) 囊蜺
Huizhou Jixi 蜓蜓
Jin Taiyuan 兒蜻
Pingyao 水師婆
Xinzhou 河蟢蟢
Hohhot 蜻蜓
Zhangjiakou 水池牌兒
Handan 水蜓蜓
Northern Min Jian'ou 刊魁
Songxi 紅魁仔
Zhenghe 狐狸仔
Jianyang 刊魁仔, 刊魁
Wuyishan 刊魁
Eastern Min Fuzhou 螞蝴
Fuzhou (Changle) 蜻胲
Fuqing 茶茶娘
Yongtai 蜻胲
Gutian 蜻𧉪
Fu'an 蜻𧉪
Ningde 蜻𧉪娘
Shouning 蜻𧉪
Zhouning 蜻𧉪
Fuding 蜻𧉪
Matsu 螞蝴
Southern Min Xiamen 田嬰
Xiamen (Heshan) 𧌄嬰
Quanzhou 田嬰
Jinjiang 田嬰, 山蜊
Anxi 含嬰
Yongchun 田嬰
Dehua 田嬰
Zhangzhou 田嬰
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 田嬰
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 蜻咩
Pinghe 田嬰
Zhangpu 田嬰
Zhao'an 山咩
Dongshan 田嬰, 山咩 rural
Taipei 𧌄嬰
New Taipei (Sanxia) 田嬰
Kaohsiung 田嬰
Yilan 田嬰
Changhua (Lukang) 田嬰
Taichung 田嬰
Taichung (Wuqi) 田嬰
Tainan 田嬰
Taitung 田嬰
Hsinchu 田嬰
Kinmen 田嬰
Penghu (Magong) 田嬰
Singapore (Hokkien) 田嬰
Manila (Hokkien) 田嬰, 山蜊
Longyan 羅離
Zhangping 臭尼
Zhangping (Yongfu) 新嬰
Datian 翼嬰
Chaozhou 𬠋𧌊
Raoping 𬠋𧌊
Shantou 𬠋𧌊
Shantou (Chenghai) 𬠋𧌊
Jieyang 𬠋𧌊
Haifeng 𬠋𧌊
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 𬠋𧌊
Singapore (Teochew) 𬠋𧌊
Leizhou 蛅蛉
Wenchang 雙枒, 雙夏, 雙翼
Haikou 蜻蜓
Qionghai 雙枒, 雙翼
Puxian Min Putian 淺咪叉, 淺咪叉蝦
Xianyou 八赤蝦
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 木魚
Wu Shanghai 蜻蜓
Shanghai (Chongming) 新人
Suzhou 蜻蜓
Wuxi 蜻蜓
Danyang 蜻蜓, 蜻蜓蜓, 蜓
Hangzhou 蜻蜓
Ningbo 蜻蜓
Wenzhou 蜻蜓
Jinhua 蜻蜓
Xiang Changsha 洋咪咪
Xiangtan 洋眯眯
Loudi 洋咪咪
Shuangfeng 洋洋蠛, 洋媽蠛

Derived terms

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (琉璃):
  • → Japanese: 琉璃(るり) (ruri)
  • → Korean: 유리(琉璃) (yuri)
  • → Vietnamese: lưu li (琉璃)

References

  1. ^ Baums, Stefan, Glass, Andrew (2002–) “Veḍuriyaprabha”, in A Dictionary of Gandhari‎[1]
  2. ^ 1917, Field Museum of Natural History: 1909, “The Beginnings of Porcelain in China”, Berthold Laufer and Henry Windsor Nichols, The Museum, page 138:
    The glassy paste for the production of ceramic glazes was called liu-li 琉璃 (in the Han Annals 流離) or p'i-liu-li, derived from Prākrit veluriya, Mahārāshṭrī verulia (Sanskrit vaiḍūrya).

Japanese

Kanji in this term
琉 璃
る
Jinmeiyō 		り
Grade: S
goon on'yomi

Etymology

The spelling is an orthographic borrowing from Chinese 琉璃 (liúlí).

For pronunciation and definitions of 琉璃 – see the following entry.
【瑠璃るり】
[noun] lapis lazuli
[noun] the deep blue color of lapis lazuli: azure
[noun] common name for various blue thrushes (birds) in family Muscicapidae, such as the 大瑠璃 (ōruri, “blue and white flycatcher, Cyanoptila cyanomelana”) or 小瑠璃 (koruri, “Siberian blue robin, Larvivora cyane, syn. Luscinia cyane”)
[noun] (mineralogy, geology) lazurite
[noun] a female given name
(This term, 琉璃, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja in this term
琉璃

Noun

琉璃 • (yuri) (hangeul 유리)

  1. hanja form? of 유리 (“glass”)
Pusat Layanan

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