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  2. Wiktionary
  3. 素晴らしい
素晴らしい

素晴らしい

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
素 晴
す
Grade: 5
(ateji) 		は > ば
Grade: 2
(ateji)
goon kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
素晴しい

Etymology

Originally derived from 窄(すば)る (subaru, “to shrink, to get smaller”, archaic) + しい (-shii, adjectivizing suffix evoking the quality of the suffixed term), from the sense of “that which makes one shrink away”. Compare verbs 窄まる (subomaru), 窄める (subomeru). The kanji spelling is an example of ateji (当て字).

The initial sense was strongly negative, and this usage continued until at least the mid-1800s in the Edo period, since when the meaning shifted to a strong positive instead.[1][2][3] Compare the development of English terrific, of strongly positive meanings, from terrify, of strongly negative meanings.

The modern kanji spelling could be considered an example of ateji (当て字).

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of 「素晴らしい」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Continuative (連用形) 素晴らしく すばらしく
すばらしく 		[sùbáráꜜshìkù]
[sùbáráshíꜜkù]
Terminal (終止形) 素晴らしい すばらしい [sùbáráshíꜜì]
Attributive (連体形) 素晴らしい すばらしい [sùbáráshíꜜì]
Key constructions
Informal negative 素晴らしくない すばらしくない
すばらしくない 		[sùbáráꜜshìkùnàì]
[sùbáráshíꜜkùnàì]
Informal past 素晴らしかった すばらしかった
すばらしかった 		[sùbáráꜜshìkàttà]
[sùbáráshíꜜkàttà]
Informal negative past 素晴らしくなかった すばらしくなかった
すばらしくなかった 		[sùbáráꜜshìkùnàkàttà]
[sùbáráshíꜜkùnàkàttà]
Formal 素晴らしいです すばらしいです [sùbáráshíꜜìdèsù]
Conjunctive 素晴らしくて すばらしくて
すばらしくて 		[sùbáráꜜshìkùtè]
[sùbáráshíꜜkùtè]
Conditional 素晴らしければ すばらしければ
すばらしければ 		[sùbáráꜜshìkèrèbà]
[sùbáráshíꜜkèrèbà]

Adjective

素(す)晴(ば)らしい • (subarashii) -i (adverbial 素(す)晴(ば)らしく (subarashiku))

  1. terrific, wonderful, splendid, grand, magnificent
  2. (obsolete) extreme, terrible

Inflection

Inflection of 素晴らしい
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 素晴らしかろ すばらしかろ subarashikaro
Continuative (連用形) 素晴らしく すばらしく subarashiku
Terminal (終止形) 素晴らしい すばらしい subarashii
Attributive (連体形) 素晴らしい すばらしい subarashii
Hypothetical (仮定形) 素晴らしけれ すばらしけれ subarashikere
Imperative (命令形) 素晴らしかれ すばらしかれ subarashikare
Key constructions
Informal negative 素晴らしくない すばらしくない subarashiku nai
Informal past 素晴らしかった すばらしかった subarashikatta
Informal negative past 素晴らしくなかった すばらしくなかった subarashiku nakatta
Formal 素晴らしいです すばらしいです subarashii desu
Formal negative 素晴らしくないです すばらしくないです subarashiku nai desu
Formal past 素晴らしかったです すばらしかったです subarashikatta desu
Formal negative past 素晴らしくなかったです すばらしくなかったです subarashiku nakatta desu
Conjunctive 素晴らしくて すばらしくて subarashikute
Conditional 素晴らしければ すばらしければ subarashikereba
Provisional 素晴らしかったら すばらしかったら subarashikattara
Volitional 素晴らしかろう すばらしかろう subarashikarō
Adverbial 素晴らしく すばらしく subarashiku
Degree 素晴らしさ すばらしさ subarashisa

Synonyms

Descendants

  • → Chinese: 斯巴拉西 (sībālāxī)

References

  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
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