静める
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Japanese
Kanji in this term |
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静 |
しず Grade: 4 |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spellings |
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靜める (kyūjitai) 鎮める |
Etymology
From 静 (shizu, bound morpheme indicating “quietness” or “calmness”). Cognate with the shizu in 静か (shizuka, “quiet; calm; still”) and 沈む (shizumu, “to sink; to set (such as the sun or moon); to become depressed”).[1][2] This shizu might also be related to 下 (shita, “down; below”).
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) しずめる [shìzúméꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [3])[2][3][4]
- (Tokyo) しずめる [shìzúmérú] (Heiban – [0])[2]
- IPA(key): [ɕizɨme̞ɾɯ̟]
Verb
静める • (shizumeru) ←しづめる (sidumeru)?transitive ichidan (stem 静め (shizume), past 静めた (shizumeta))
Japanese verb pair | |
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active | 静める |
mediopassive | 静まる |
Conjugation
Conjugation of "静める" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 静め | しずめ | shizume | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 静め | しずめ | shizume | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 静める | しずめる | shizumeru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 静める | しずめる | shizumeru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 静めれ | しずめれ | shizumere | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 静めよ¹ 静めろ² |
しずめよ¹ しずめろ² |
shizumeyo¹ shizumero² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 静められる | しずめられる | shizumerareru | |
Causative | 静めさせる 静めさす |
しずめさせる しずめさす |
shizumesaseru shizumesasu | |
Potential | 静められる 静めれる³ |
しずめられる しずめれる³ |
shizumerareru shizumereru³ | |
Volitional | 静めよう | しずめよう | shizumeyō | |
Negative | 静めない 静めぬ 静めん |
しずめない しずめぬ しずめん |
shizumenai shizumenu shizumen | |
Negative continuative | 静めず | しずめず | shizumezu | |
Formal | 静めます | しずめます | shizumemasu | |
Perfective | 静めた | しずめた | shizumeta | |
Conjunctive | 静めて | しずめて | shizumete | |
Hypothetical conditional | 静めれば | しずめれば | shizumereba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential |
References
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 静 read as しず
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese terms historically spelled with づ
- Japanese transitive verbs
- Japanese ichidan verbs
- Japanese shimo ichidan verbs
- Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji