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  2. Wiktionary
  3. 가깝다
가깝다

가깝다

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Korean

Alternative forms

Etymology

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 갓갑〯다〮 (Yale: kàskǎp-tá), most plausibly from the unattested verbal root *가ᄌᆞᆨ (Yale: *kacok-, probably "to approach") + 아ᇦ〯 (Yale: -ǎW, adjective-deriving suffix). Dialects commonly preserve the original root.[1]

Pronunciation

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?gakkapda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?ga'kkabda
McCune–Reischauer?kakkapta
Yale Romanization?ka.kkapta

Adjective

가깝다 • (gakkapda) (irregular, infinitive 가까워, sequential 가까우니)

  1. to be close, to be near (in distance, time, emotional rapport, kinship, etc.)
    Antonym: 멀다 (meolda)
    가까운 친척 ― gakkaun chincheok ― close relatives
    새로 이사한 집은 학교와 가깝다.
    Saero isahan jib-eun hakgyo-wa gakkapda.
    The school is close to our new house.

Conjugation

North Korean Standard:

    Selected forms of the adjective 가깝다 (gakkapda)
Sentence-final forms
Formal non polite
(해라체) 		Informal non polite
(해체) 		Informal polite
(해요체) 		Formal polite
(하십시오체)
indicative
 가깝다 (gakkapda)

past: 가까웠다 (gakkawatda)

가까워 (gakkawa)

past: 가까웠어 (gakkawasseo)

가까워요 (gakkawayo)

past: 가까웠어요 (gakkawasseoyo)

가깝습니다 (gakkapseumnida)

past: 가까웠습니다 (gakkawatseumnida)

interrogative
 가까우냐 (gakkaunya)

past: 가까웠냐 (gakkawannya)

가까워 (gakkawa)

past: 가까웠어 (gakkawasseo)

가까워요 (gakkawayo)

past: 가까웠어요 (gakkawasseoyo)

가깝습니까 (gakkapseumnikka)

past: 가까웠습니까 (gakkawatseumnikka)

assertive
 가깝겠다 (gakkapgetda) 가깝겠어 (gakkapgesseo) 가깝겠어요 (gakkapgesseoyo) 가깝겠습니다 (gakkapgesseumnida)
Connective forms
cause or reason
 가까워 (gakkawa) 가까워서 (gakkawaseo) 가까우니 (gakkauni) 가까우니까 (gakkaunikka)
contrast
 가깝지만 (gakkapjiman) 가까운데 (gakkaunde) 가깝더니 (gakkapdeoni)
conjunction

가깝고 (gakkapgo)

condition
 가까우면 (gakkaumyeon) 가까워야 (gakkawaya)
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns 가까움 (gakkaum) 가깝기 (gakkapgi)
Past-tense verbal nouns 가까웠음 (gakkawasseum) 가까웠기 (gakkawatgi)
Determiners present 가까운 (gakkaun) future 가까울 (gakkaul)
Sentence-final forms with honorific
Plain (해라체) Informal (해체) Polite (해요체) Formal (하십시오체)
indicative
 가까우시다 (gakkausida)

past: 가까우셨다 (gakkausyeotda)

가까우셔 (gakkausyeo)

past: 가까우셨어 (gakkausyeosseo)

가까우세요 (gakkauseyo) or 가까우셔요 (gakkausyeoyo)

past: 가까우셨어요 (gakkausyeosseoyo)

가까우십니다 (gakkausimnida)

past: 가까우셨습니다 (gakkausyeotseumnida)

interrogative
 가까우시냐 (gakkausinya)

past: 가까우셨냐 (gakkausyeonnya)

가까우셔 (gakkausyeo)

past: 가까우셨어 (gakkausyeosseo)

가까우세요 (gakkauseyo) or 가까우셔요 (gakkausyeoyo)

past: 가까우셨어요 (gakkausyeosseoyo)

가까우십니까 (gakkausimnikka)

past: 가까우셨습니까 (gakkausyeotseumnikka)

assertive
 가까우시겠다 (gakkausigetda) 가까우시겠어 (gakkausigesseo) 가까우시겠어요 (gakkausigesseoyo) 가까우시겠습니다 (gakkausigetseumnida)
Connective forms with honorific
cause or reason
 가까우셔 (gakkausyeo) 가까우셔서 (gakkausyeoseo) 가까우시니 (gakkausini) 가까우시니까 (gakkausinikka)
contrast
 가까우시지만 (gakkausijiman) 가까우신데 (gakkausinde) 가까우시더니 (gakkausideoni)
conjunction

가까우시고 (gakkausigo)

condition
 가까우시면 (gakkausimyeon) 가까우셔야 (gakkausyeoya)
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns 가까우심 (gakkausim) 가까우시기 (gakkausigi)
Past-tense verbal nouns 가까우셨음 (gakkausyeosseum) 가까우셨기 (gakkausyeotgi)
Determiners present 가까우신 (gakkausin) future 가까우실 (gakkausil)

South Korean Standard:

    Selected forms of the adjective 가깝다 (gakkapda): consonant-stem, ㅂ(b)-irregular
Sentence-final forms
Formal non-polite
(해라체) 		Informal non-polite
(해체) 		Informal polite
(해요체) 		Formal polite
(하십시오체)
Indicative Non-past 가깝다
gakkapda 		가까워
gakkawo 		가까워요
gakkawoyo 		가깝습니다
gakkapseumnida
Past 가까웠다
gakkawotda 		가까웠어
gakkawosseo 		가까웠어요
gakkawosseoyo 		가까웠습니다
gakkawotseumnida
Interrogative Non-past 가까우냐
gakkaunya 		가까워
gakkawo 		가까워요
gakkawoyo 		가깝습니까
gakkapseumnikka
Past 가까웠냐
gakkawonnya 		가까웠어
gakkawosseo 		가까웠어요
gakkawosseoyo 		가까웠습니까
gakkawotseumnikka
Assertive 가깝겠다
gakkapgetda		 가깝겠어
gakkapgesseo		 가깝겠어요
gakkapgesseoyo		 가깝겠습니다
gakkapgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason 가까워
gakkawo		 가까워서
gakkawoseo		 가까우니
gakkauni		 가까우니까
gakkaunikka
Contrast 가깝지만
gakkapjiman		 가까운데
gakkaunde		 가깝더니
gakkapdeoni
Conjunction 가깝고
gakkapgo
Condition 가까우면
gakkaumyeon		 가까워야
gakkawoya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns 가까움
gakkaum		 가깝기
gakkapgi
Past-tense verbal nouns 가까웠음
gakkawosseum		 가까웠기
gakkawotgi
Determiners Present 가까운
gakkaun
Future 가까울
gakkaul


Sentence-final forms with honorific
Plain (해라체) Informal (해체) Polite (해요체) Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative Non-past 가까우시다
gakkausida 		가까우셔
gakkausyeo 		가까우세요, 가까우셔요
gakkauseyo, gakkausyeoyo 		가까우십니다
gakkausimnida
Past 가까우셨다
gakkausyeotda 		가까우셨어
gakkausyeosseo 		가까우셨어요
gakkausyeosseoyo 		가까우셨습니다
gakkausyeotseumnida
Interrogative Non-past 가까우시냐
gakkausinya 		가까우셔
gakkausyeo 		가까우세요, 가까우셔요
gakkauseyo, gakkausyeoyo 		가까우십니까
gakkausimnikka
Past 가까우셨냐
gakkausyeonnya 		가까우셨어
gakkausyeosseo 		가까우셨어요
gakkausyeosseoyo 		가까우셨습니까
gakkausyeotseumnikka
Assertive 가까우시겠다
gakkausigetda		 가까우시겠어
gakkausigesseo		 가까우시겠어요
gakkausigesseoyo		 가까우시겠습니다
gakkausigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason 가까우셔
gakkausyeo		 가까우셔서
gakkausyeoseo		 가까우시니
gakkausini		 가까우시니까
gakkausinikka
Contrast 가까우시지만
gakkausijiman		 가까우신데
gakkausinde		 가까우시더니
gakkausideoni
Conjunction 가까우시고
gakkausigo
Condition 가까우시면
gakkausimyeon		 가까우셔야
gakkausyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns 가까우심
gakkausim		 가까우시기
gakkausigi
Past-tense verbal nouns 가까우셨음
gakkausyeosseum		 가까우셨기
gakkausyeotgi
Determiners Present 가까우신
gakkausin
Future 가까우실
gakkausil

References

  1. ^ 이승재 (Yi Seung-jae) (1983) “재구와 방언분화 [jaeguwa bang'eonbunhwa, Reconstructions and dialectal divergence]”, in Gugeohak, volume 12
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