𐌰𐌵𐌹𐌶𐌹
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Gothic
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *akwisī. Cognate to Old English æx and Old Norse øx, and probably of similar origin as Koine Greek ἀξίνη (axínē), which it translates. For more, see the Proto-Germanic entry.
Pronunciation
Noun
- (hapax) axe (tool for felling trees)
- 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, Luke 3:9:
- 𐌰𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌽 𐌾𐌿 𐍃𐍉 𐌰𐌵𐌹𐌶𐌹 𐌰𐍄 𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍄𐌹𐌼 𐌱𐌰𐌲𐌼𐌴 𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌹𐌸: 𐌰𐌻𐌻 𐌽𐌿 𐌱𐌰𐌲𐌼𐌴 𐌿𐌽𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌴 𐌰𐌺𐍂𐌰𐌽 𐌲𐍉𐌳 𐌿𐍃𐌼𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌳𐌰 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌹𐌽 𐍆𐍉𐌽 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰.
- aþþan ju sō aqizi at waurtim bagmē ligiþ: all nu bagmē unbairandanē akran gōd usmaitada jah in fōn galagjada.
- And now also the axe is laid unto the root of the trees: every tree therefore which bringeth not forth good fruit is hewn down, and cast into the fire. (KJV)
- 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, Luke 3:9:
Declension
This word is only attested in the nominative singular, which is not enough to determine to which extent the Proto-Germanic ablaut was kept. Three possible paradigms are given below.
The ablaut as inherited from Proto-Germanic:
Feminine ō-stem | ||
---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | 𐌰𐌵𐌹𐌶𐌹 aqizi |
𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌶𐌾𐍉𐍃 akuzjōs |
Vocative | 𐌰𐌵𐌹𐌶𐌹 aqizi |
𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌶𐌾𐍉𐍃 akuzjōs |
Accusative | 𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌶𐌾𐌰 akuzja |
𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌶𐌾𐍉𐍃 akuzjōs |
Genitive | 𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌶𐌾𐍉𐍃 akuzjōs |
𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌶𐌾𐍉 akuzjō |
Dative | 𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌶𐌾𐌰𐌹 akuzjai |
𐌰𐌺𐌿𐌶𐌾𐍉𐌼 akuzjōm |
With ablaut, but with regularized consonantism:
Feminine ō-stem | ||
---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | 𐌰𐌵𐌹𐌶𐌹 aqizi |
𐌰𐌵𐌿𐌶𐌾𐍉𐍃 aquzjōs |
Vocative | 𐌰𐌵𐌹𐌶𐌹 aqizi |
𐌰𐌵𐌿𐌶𐌾𐍉𐍃 aquzjōs |
Accusative | 𐌰𐌵𐌿𐌶𐌾𐌰 aquzja |
𐌰𐌵𐌿𐌶𐌾𐍉𐍃 aquzjōs |
Genitive | 𐌰𐌵𐌿𐌶𐌾𐍉𐍃 aquzjōs |
𐌰𐌵𐌿𐌶𐌾𐍉 aquzjō |
Dative | 𐌰𐌵𐌿𐌶𐌾𐌰𐌹 aquzjai |
𐌰𐌵𐌿𐌶𐌾𐍉𐌼 aquzjōm |
Without ablaut:
Feminine ō-stem | ||
---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | 𐌰𐌵𐌹𐌶𐌹 aqizi |
𐌰𐌵𐌹𐌶𐌾𐍉𐍃 aqizjōs |
Vocative | 𐌰𐌵𐌹𐌶𐌹 aqizi |
𐌰𐌵𐌹𐌶𐌾𐍉𐍃 aqizjōs |
Accusative | 𐌰𐌵𐌹𐌶𐌾𐌰 aqizja |
𐌰𐌵𐌹𐌶𐌾𐍉𐍃 aqizjōs |
Genitive | 𐌰𐌵𐌹𐌶𐌾𐍉𐍃 aqizjōs |
𐌰𐌵𐌹𐌶𐌾𐍉 aqizjō |
Dative | 𐌰𐌵𐌹𐌶𐌾𐌰𐌹 aqizjai |
𐌰𐌵𐌹𐌶𐌾𐍉𐌼 aqizjōm |
Further reading
- Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 95
- Lehmann, Winfred P. (1986) “A190. aqizi”, in A Gothic Etymological Dictionary, based on the 3rd ed. of Feist’s dictionary, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 40