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  2. Wiktionary
  3. -я
-я

-я

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Mongolian

Pronunciation

Suffix

-я • (-ja)

  1. Alternative form of -ъя (-ʺja) following vowel and diphthong stems.

Inflection

Vowel harmonic forms of -я 
back vowelfront vowel
unrounded-я
-ja		-е
-e
rounded-ё
-jo

Russian

Alternative forms

  • -а (-a) — used after a hard consonant

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ę.

Pronunciation

Suffix

-я • (-ja)

  1. Noun-forming diminutive suffix used after a soft (palatalized) consonant.

Derived terms

Russian terms suffixed with -я

Ukrainian

Alternative forms

  • -а (-a) — used after a hard consonant

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ę.

Suffix

-я́ • (-já) (diminutive -я́тко)

  1. Forms nouns for young animals and other diminutives.
    Synonym: -еня́ (-enjá)
    ‎звір (zvir, “animal”) + ‎-я́ (-já) → ‎звіря́ (zvirjá, “baby animal”)
    ‎смере́ка (smeréka, “spruce”) + ‎-я́ (-já) → ‎смереча́ (smerečá, “young spruce tree”)
    ‎со́кіл (sókil, “falcon”) + ‎-я́ (-já) → ‎соколя́ (sokoljá, “falconet”)
    ‎птах (ptax, “bird”) + ‎-я́ (-já) → ‎пташа́ (ptašá, “fledgling”)
    ‎соба́ка (sobáka, “dog”) + ‎-я́ (-já) → ‎собача́ (sobačá, “puppy”)
Usage notes

Being derived from a front nasal vowel, this suffix has the following properties:

  • When added onto a stem ending in a velar consonant, the Slavic first palatalization applies.
  • When added onto a stem ending with /r/, it is palatalized to /rʲ/.
  • The stress usually falls on the suffix.

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьje.

Suffix

-я • (-ja) (diminutive -ячко)

  1. Denominal, forming collective nouns
    ‎звір (zvir, “animal”) + ‎-я (-ja) → ‎звір'я́ (zvirʺjá, “animals”)
    ‎смере́ка (smeréka, “spruce”) + ‎-я (-ja) → ‎смері́ччя (smeríččja, “spruces”) or
    ‎смере́ка (smeréka, “spruce”) + ‎-я (-ja) → ‎смере́ччя (smeréččja, “spruces”)
    ‎паву́к (pavúk, “spider”) + ‎-я (-ja) → ‎паву́ччя (pavúččja, “spiders”)
    ‎гора́ (horá, “mountain”) + ‎-я (-ja) → ‎гі́р'я (hírʺja, “mountains”)
    ‎ка́мінь (káminʹ, “stone”) + ‎-я (-ja) → ‎камі́ння (kamínnja, “rocks”)
  2. Deverbal (from past participle), forming action nouns
    сра́ти (sráty, “to shit”) → сра́тий (srátyj) / сра́ний (srányj) ("shitty") → сраття́ (srattjá) / срання́ (srannjá) ("shitting")
  3. Denominal, forming nouns denoting various concepts
    ‎уста́ (ustá, “mouth, lips”) + ‎-я (-ja) → ‎у́стя (ústja, “mouth, estuary”)
  4. Deadjectival, forming nouns denoting a property, state or condition
    ‎здоро́вий (zdoróvyj, “healthy”) + ‎-я (-ja) → ‎здоро́в'я (zdoróvʺja, “health”)
    ‎весе́лий (vesélyj, “happy”) + ‎-я (-ja) → ‎весі́лля (vesíllja, “*happiness → wedding”)
  5. Denominal, forming nouns denoting location or time
    по (po) +‎ ріка́ (riká, “river”) +‎ -я (-ja) → порі́ччя (poríččja, “region near, along a river”)
    над (nad) +‎ ве́чір (véčir, “eve”) +‎ -я (-ja) → надвечі́р'я (nadvečírʺja, “time before dawn”)
Usage notes

Being derived from an ьjV cluster, this suffix has the following properties:

  • When added onto a stem ending in a velar consonant, the Slavic first palatalization applies.
  • When added onto a stem ending with /r/, it is not palatalized.
  • When added onto a stem ending in a single palatalizable consonant, that consonant is geminated.
  • /o/→/i/ and /e/→/i/ shifts in the stem may or may not occur.

Derived terms

Ukrainian terms suffixed with -я
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