-ez
Basque
Etymology 1
Suffix
-ez
- Instrumental plural suffix.
Declension
Etymology 2
From -e- (epenthetic vowel) + -z (instrumental suffix).
Suffix
-ez
- Allomorphic post-consonantal form of -z (instrumental indefinite suffix)
Declension
Breton
Suffix
-ez f
Derived terms
French
Etymology
Inherited from Latin -ātis (“second-person plural indicative present suffix for the first conjugation”). Currently used in all second person plural forms (aside from in the past historic) and certain verbs, ousting -ētis (second conjugation), -itis (third conjugation), and -ītis (fourth conjugation).
Pronunciation
Suffix
-ez
- Forms the second-person plural indicative and imperative of several verb conjugations.
Usage notes
- Apart from the suffix there are only four usual words in -ez: assez, chez, nez, rez. These are also pronounced with final /e/.
Hungarian
Etymology
From -e- (linking vowel) + -z (verb-forming suffix).
Pronunciation
Suffix
-ez
Usage notes
- (verb-forming suffix) Variants:
- -z is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
- -oz is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -az is added to other back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -ez is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -öz is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -áz is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
Note: Certain words take another, synonymous suffix, -zik/-ozik/-azik/-ezik/-özik or -l/-ol/-al/-el/-öl/-ál.
Derived terms
See also
Ido
Etymology
Pronunciation
Suffix
-ez
- suffix forming the imperative
Middle English
Suffix
-ez
- Alternative form of -yssh
Portuguese
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Likely borrowed from Spanish -ez, from Latin -itiem. Doublet of -ice.
Suffix
-ez f (noun-forming suffix, usually uncountable, plural -ezes)
- -ness (appended to adjectives to form nouns meaning "the state of ...", "the quality of ...", or "the measure of ...")
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Suffix
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-ez (feminine -eza, plural -ezes, feminine plural -ezas)
Romanian
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Borrowed from French -ais, Italian -ese, Greek -έζος (-ézos), from Latin -ensis.
Suffix
-ez m or n (feminine singular -eză, masculine plural -ezi, feminine and neuter plural -eze)
- Forms nouns and adjectives of nationality:
- Examples:
Declension
Etymology 2
Inherited from Late Latin -izō.
Used as an infix in Romanian verb conjugations (similarly to how Spanish and Portuguese use the unrelated -ecer from Latin -escere, from -escō (as in parecer, padecer, merecer, etc). The suffix does not appear in the infinitive form of the verb in Romanian. However, the infinitive form of the Romanian suffix can also be found fossilized as part of the infinitive of a few verbs, such as boteza, râncheza, undeza.
The same Vulgar Latin ending resulted in Italian -eggiare, Spanish and Portuguese -ear, Catalan and Occitan -ejar, and French -oyer. The Aromanian equivalent is -edz or -edzu.
Compare also the Romanian suffix later borrowed ultimately from the same source (through French), -iza.
Suffix
-ez
- used with a stem to form the first-person singular present of some -a (first conjugation) verbs.
Related terms
See also
Spanish
Etymology 1
Unknown. The preferred options are that it was either an internal innovation (from a reanalysis of the genitive in names ending with -ricus, ie. -rici, as naming suffix) or a borrowing from pre-Roman languages (given the various forms the suffix took in the Middle Ages). Compare Portuguese -es.
Alternative forms
Suffix
-ez m or f by sense (noun-forming suffix, plural -eces)
- forms many Spanish surnames
Usage notes
- Spanish patronymics are often formed by substituting "-ez" for a final "o" or "e" in the first name of the father of the person whose surname is so formed. Thus, the son of Hernando becomes "Hernández", the son of Álvaro becomes "Álvarez", and the son of Enrique becomes "Enríquez".
For some Spanish patronymics, the suffix is not -ez but -iz or -oz, as in Ortiz, Muñiz, Muñoz. The name Cortez is not a patronymic but derived from the adjective cortés (“courteous”).
Derived terms
References
LAPESA, Rafael. Historia de la lengua española. (1968).
PIEL, J. M. Sobre os apelidos portugueses do tipo patronímico em-ici/-es. Boletim de Filologia (1963): 59-63.
BOULLÓN AGRELO, Ana Isabel. Cronoloxía e variación das fórmulas patronímicas na Galica altomedieval. Verba 22 (1995): 449-475.
BOBONE, Carlos. Os Apelidos Portugueses-Um Panorama Histórico. Leya, 2017.
Etymology 2
Inherited from Latin -itiēs, an alternative form of -itia. Compare Romanian -ețe, French -esse and Portuguese -ice, Sicilian -izza.
Suffix
-ez f (noun-forming suffix, plural -eces)
- forms nouns of feminine gender from nouns and adjectives, denoting the state of the base term; -hood, -ness, -ty
Derived terms
See also
Further reading
- “-ez”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
- Basque lemmas
- Basque suffixes
- Basque inflectional suffixes
- Breton lemmas
- Breton suffixes
- Breton feminine suffixes
- French terms inherited from Latin
- French terms derived from Latin
- French 1-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with homophones
- French lemmas
- French suffixes
- Hungarian verbs suffixed with -z
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Hungarian/ɛz
- Rhymes:Hungarian/ɛz/1 syllable
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian suffixes
- Ido terms borrowed from French
- Ido terms derived from French
- Ido terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ido lemmas
- Ido suffixes
- Ido inflectional suffixes
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English suffixes
- Portuguese 1-syllable words
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Portuguese terms borrowed from Spanish
- Portuguese terms derived from Spanish
- Portuguese terms derived from Latin
- Portuguese doublets
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese suffixes
- Portuguese noun-forming suffixes
- Portuguese uncountable suffixes
- Portuguese countable suffixes
- Portuguese feminine suffixes
- Portuguese adjective-forming suffixes
- Portuguese archaic forms
- Romanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Romanian terms borrowed from French
- Romanian terms derived from French
- Romanian terms borrowed from Italian
- Romanian terms derived from Italian
- Romanian terms borrowed from Greek
- Romanian terms derived from Greek
- Romanian terms derived from Latin
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian suffixes
- Romanian adjective-forming suffixes
- Romanian masculine suffixes
- Romanian neuter suffixes
- Romanian suffixes with multiple genders
- Romanian terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Romanian terms derived from Proto-Hellenic
- Romanian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Romanian terms inherited from Late Latin
- Romanian terms derived from Late Latin
- Romanian doublets
- Romanian terms inherited from Latin
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish suffixes
- Spanish noun-forming suffixes
- Spanish countable suffixes
- Spanish masculine suffixes
- Spanish feminine suffixes
- Spanish suffixes with multiple genders
- Spanish masculine and feminine suffixes by sense
- Spanish terms inherited from Latin
- Spanish terms derived from Latin
- es:Names