-lik
Afrikaans
Etymology
From Dutch -lijk. False cognate of Turkish -lik.
Pronunciation
Audio: (file)
Suffix
-lik
- Forming adjectives from nouns with the sense of ‘characteristic of, pertaining to’.
Derived terms
Azerbaijani
Etymology
Cognate with Turkish -lik (“-ness”).
Pronunciation
Suffix
preceding vowel | |||
---|---|---|---|
A / I | E / Ə / İ | O / U | Ö / Ü |
-lıq | -lik | -luq | -lük |
-lik
- used to derive abstract nouns from adjectives; -ness, -hood, -ship, -dom, -ity
- used to derive abstract nouns from nouns; -ship
- used to derive nouns denoting work/jobs from nouns denoting professions
- müəllim (“teacher”) + -lik → müəllimlik (“teaching, the work of a teacher”)
- qəssab (“butcher”) + -lik → qəssablıq (“butchery, the trade of a butcher”)
- used to derive nouns denoting items containing something; -ory
- used to derive nouns denoting places characterized by abundance of something from nouns
- ağac (“tree”) + -lik → ağaclıq (“a treey place, a place with many trees”)
- kölgə (“shadow”) + -lik → kölgəlik (“a shady place”)
- ilan (“snake”) + -lik → ilanlıq (“a place full of snake”)
- bataq (“swamp”) + -lik → bataqlıq (“a swampy place”)
- ocaq (“hearth”) + -lik → ocaqlıq (“hearthstead”)
- used to derive adjectives from nouns; -ly
- used to derive temporal adverbs from temporal adverbs and nouns; for
- (non-productive) used to derive nouns denoting kinship other than by blood; step-
- (non-productive) used to derive nouns denoting clothing items
Usage notes
- It changes to -lıq, -luq or -lük, depending on the last vowel of the word (see also: vowel harmony).
Derived terms
Crimean Tatar
Etymology
Ultimately from Proto-Turkic *-lik.
This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Pronunciation
Suffix
-lik
- -ness, -hood, -ship, -dom
- being (like) ...
- belonging to ..., used for ..., suitable for ..., ... container
- qave (“coffee”) + -lik → qavelik (“coffee pot”)
Usage notes
- By vowel harmony, the suffix may change to -lıq, -luq or -lük, depending on the last vowel of the word to which it is attached.
Derived terms
Estonian
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “From Germanic -līk?”)
Suffix
-lik (genitive -liku, partitive -likku, comparative -likum, superlative kõige -likum)
Declension
Declension of -lik (ÕS type 25/õnnelik, length gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | -lik | -likud | |
accusative | nom. | ||
gen. | -liku | ||
genitive | -like -likkude | ||
partitive | -likku | -likke -likkusid | |
illative | -likku -likusse |
-likesse -likkudesse | |
inessive | -likus | -likes -likkudes | |
elative | -likust | -likest -likkudest | |
allative | -likule | -likele -likkudele | |
adessive | -likul | -likel -likkudel | |
ablative | -likult | -likelt -likkudelt | |
translative | -likuks | -likeks -likkudeks | |
terminative | -likuni | -likeni -likkudeni | |
essive | -likuna | -likena -likkudena | |
abessive | -likuta | -liketa -likkudeta | |
comitative | -likuga | -likega -likkudega |
Derived terms
Greenlandic
Pronunciation
Suffix
-lik (n-n?, truncative?)
Derived terms
References
- Vestgrønlands Grammatik, p. 153, F.A.J. Nielsen, 2014
- -lik in Katersat
Hungarian
Etymology
From -l (verb-forming suffix) + -ik (verb-forming suffix).[1]
Pronunciation
Suffix
-lik
Usage notes
- (verb-forming suffix) Variants:
- -lik is added to both back-vowel and front-vowel words.
- -llik is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á. Final -e changes to -é.
- barna (“brown”) + -llik → barnállik (“to appear in brown color”)
- fekete (“black”) + -llik → feketéllik (“to appear in black color”)
- -allik is added to back-vowel words
- -ollik is added to some back-vowel words
- -ellik is added to front-vowel words
Derived terms
See also
References
- ^ -lik in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
K'iche'
Pronunciation
Suffix
-lik
- Forms adjectives from verbs
- Forms adjectives from nouns
References
- Allen J. Christenson, Kʼiche-English dictionary
Middle English
Etymology 1
Suffix
-lik
- Alternative form of -ly (“adjectival suffix”)
Etymology 2
Suffix
-lik
- Alternative form of -ly (“adverbial suffix”)
Swedish
Etymology
From the adjective lik (“similar”).
Suffix
-lik
Derived terms
Anagrams
Turkish
Etymology
From Ottoman Turkish ـلك (-lik), from Proto-Turkic *-lik.
This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Pronunciation
Suffix
preceding vowel | |||
---|---|---|---|
A / I | E / İ | O / U | Ö / Ü |
-lık | -lik | -luk | -lük |
-lik
- -ness, -hood, -ship, -dom
- being (like) ...
- belonging to ..., used for ..., suitable for ..., ... container
- year-old
- 18'lik kız ― 18 year old girl
- old
- 10 günlük, 3 aylık bebek ― 10-days-old, 3-month-old baby
- Lasting for a period of time.
- 5 dakikalık bir video ― a 5 minutes long video
- 2 saatlik bir film ― a 2 hours long movie
- üç günlük ömür ― life is too short (literally, “lifetime that will last three days”)
Usage notes
- The suffix is attached to nouns or sometimes adjectives, and then forms a noun or, more rarely, an adjective. The suffix is often found attached to verbal nouns formed with the suffix -me or its variant -ma. For example, the verb atıştırmak (“to snack”) gives rise to the verbal noun atıştırma (“snacking”) and thus to the term atıştırmalık, which is both a noun meaning “snack” and an adjective meaning “suitable for snacking”.
Derived terms
Descendants
- Greek: -λίκι (-líki)
Uzbek
Etymology
Inherited from Chagatai ـلیق (-lıq), ـلیک (-lik), ـلوق (-luq), ـلوک (-lük), from Proto-Turkic *-lik.
Suffix
-lik
Derived terms
- Afrikaans terms inherited from Dutch
- Afrikaans terms derived from Dutch
- Afrikaans terms with audio links
- Afrikaans lemmas
- Afrikaans suffixes
- Azerbaijani terms with IPA pronunciation
- Azerbaijani lemmas
- Azerbaijani suffixes
- Crimean Tatar terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Crimean Tatar terms with IPA pronunciation
- Crimean Tatar lemmas
- Crimean Tatar suffixes
- Estonian lemmas
- Estonian suffixes
- Estonian adjective-forming suffixes
- Estonian õnnelik-type nominals
- Greenlandic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Greenlandic lemmas
- Greenlandic suffixes
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian suffixes
- Hungarian verb-forming suffixes
- K'iche' terms with IPA pronunciation
- K'iche' lemmas
- K'iche' suffixes
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English suffixes
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish suffixes
- Turkish terms inherited from Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish terms derived from Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Turkish terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Turkish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Turkish terms with audio links
- Turkish lemmas
- Turkish suffixes
- Turkish noun-forming suffixes
- Turkish terms with usage examples
- Uzbek terms inherited from Chagatai
- Uzbek terms derived from Chagatai
- Uzbek terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Uzbek terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Uzbek lemmas
- Uzbek suffixes