bile
English
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Mid 16th century, via Middle French, from Latin bīlis (“bile”).
Noun
bile (usually uncountable, plural biles)
- A bitter brownish-yellow or greenish-yellow secretion produced by the liver, stored in the gall bladder, and discharged into the duodenum where it aids the process of digestion.
- Bitterness of temper; ill humour; irascibility.
- Two of the four humours, black bile or yellow bile, in ancient and medieval physiology.
- 1890, Walter Scott, The Journal of Sir Walter Scott[1]:
- I shall tire of my Journal if it is to contain nothing but biles and plasters and unguents.
- 1616, Alexander Roberts, A Treatise of Witchcraft[2]:
- He spake out of the Pythonesse, Act. 16. 17. brought downe fire from heauen, and consumed Iobs sheepe 7000. and his seruants, raised a storme, strooke the house wherein his sonnes and daughters feasted with their elder brother, smote the foure corners of it, with the ruine whereof they all were destroyed, and perished: and ouerspread the body of that holy Saint their father with botches[t] and biles from the sole of his foot to the crowne of his head.
Synonyms
Derived terms
Translations
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Etymology 2
Obsolete form of boil. Akin to Dutch buil and German Beule, all from Proto-Germanic *būlǭ.
Noun
bile (plural biles)
Verb
bile (third-person singular simple present biles, present participle biling or bileing, simple past and past participle biled)
- Pronunciation spelling of boil.
- 1912, Stella George Stern Perry, Melindy, page 130:
- We pretty near biled ourselves and Miss Euly done got her bes' pink apron stained, an' I dropped Sis Suky's big kitchen spoon in de hogshead of sand […]
References
- ^ “bile”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
Anagrams
Albanian
Etymology 1
Either related to bolle pl (“testicles”), or a singularized plural of *bilë, from Proto-Albanian *beila, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyH- (“to strike, beat”), in which case close to Proto-Germanic *bilją (“spike, peg, nail, axe, sword, blade”). Compare English bill, German Bille (“axe”).
Pronunciation
Noun
bile f (plural bile, definite bilja, definite plural bilet)
Declension
Etymology 2
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
Particle
bile
- (colloquial) Reinforces what has already been said; even, in fact, furthermore
- Synonym: madje
- bile bile ― as a matter of fact
References
- “bile”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006
French
Etymology
Pronunciation
Noun
bile f (uncountable)
Derived terms
Further reading
- “bile”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Irish
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Old Irish bile, from Proto-Celtic *belyom (“tree”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰolh₃yom (“leaf”).
Noun
bile m (genitive singular bile, nominative plural bilí)
- tree, especially a large, ancient, sacred one
- scion; distinguished person
Derived terms
- bile buí (“corn marigold”)
- bile measa (“arbitrator”)
- biliúil (“tree-like, stately”, adjective)
Etymology 2
See béal (“lip”)
Noun
bile m (genitive singular bile, nominative plural bilí)
- rim (of vessel)
Declension
Mutation
Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
bile | bhile | mbile |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “bile”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 bile”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Italian
Etymology
Pronunciation
Noun
bile f (plural bili)
Derived terms
See also
Anagrams
Latin
Noun
bīle
Norwegian Bokmål
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Borrowed from Middle Low German bīle (“axe”).
Noun
bile f or m (definite singular bila or bilen, indefinite plural biler, definite plural bilene)
Etymology 2
From bil.
Verb
bile (present tense biler, past tense bilte, past participle bilt)
- To ride a car
References
“bile” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Borrowed from Middle Low German bīle (“axe”).
Noun
bile f (definite singular bila, indefinite plural biler, definite plural bilene)
Etymology 2
From bil.
Verb
bile (present tense bilar or biler, past tense bila or bilte, past participle bila or bilt)
- To ride a car
References
“bile” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old English
Pronunciation
Noun
bile m
Descendants
- English: bill
Old Irish
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *belyos (“tree”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰolyo- (“leaf”). Cognate with Latin folium, Ancient Greek φύλλον (phúllon), and Old Armenian բողբոջ (bołboǰ).
Pronunciation
Noun
bile m (genitive bili, nominative plural bili)
- tree, especially a large, ancient, sacred one
Declension
Masculine io-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | bile | bileL | biliL |
Vocative | bili | bileL | biliu |
Accusative | bileN | bileL | biliuH |
Genitive | biliL | bileL | bileN |
Dative | biliuL | bilib | bilib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
|
Derived terms
Descendants
Mutation
Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
bile | bile pronounced with /β(ʲ)-/ |
mbile |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References
- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 bile”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Portuguese
Etymology
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: bi‧le
Noun
bile f (uncountable)
Romanian
Pronunciation
Noun
bile f
- inflection of bilă:
Scottish Gaelic
Etymology 1
From Old Irish bél (“lip”).[1] Related to beul.
Noun
bile f (genitive singular bile, plural bilean)
Etymology 2
Noun
bile m (genitive singular bile, plural bilean)
- bill (for law)
References
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 419
Serbo-Croatian
Alternative forms
Etymology
Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish بیله (bile) (Turkish bile).
Pronunciation
Adverb
bìle (Cyrillic spelling бѝле)
Participle
bile (Cyrillic spelling биле)
Turkish
Etymology
From Ottoman Turkish بیله (bile), from Proto-Turkic *bile (“with, together, also”). Cognate with Turkish ile.
Conjunction
bile
West Frisian
Etymology
Borrowed from Middle Dutch bile or Middle Low German bîle, bîl (“axe”), both ultimately from Proto-Germanic *bilją.
Pronunciation
Noun
bile c (plural bilen, diminutive byltsje)
Further reading
- “bile”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011
Yola
Etymology
From Middle English boillen, from Old French boillir. This is a vulgar pronunciation in Ireland.
Pronunciation
Verb
bile (simple past bilethe or bilo't)
- to boil
Derived terms
- biletha (“boiled”)
References
- Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 26
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