From Middle English bruisen , brusen , brosen , brisen , bresen , from a merger two words, both ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrews- ( “ to break ” ) :
Cognate with Scots brizz , German brausen ( “ to roar; boom; pound ” ) , Old English brosnian ( “ to crumble, fall apart ” ) , Dutch broos ( “ brittle ” ) , German Brosame ( “ crumb ” ) , dialectal Norwegian brøysk ( “ breakable ” ) , Latin frustum ( “ bit, scrap ” ) , Old Church Slavonic бръснути ( brŭsnuti , “ to rake ” ) , Albanian breshër ( “ hail ” ) .
bruise (third-person singular simple present bruises , present participle bruising , simple past and past participle bruised )
( transitive ) To strike (a person), originally with something flat or heavy, but now specifically in such a way as to discolour the skin without breaking it.
( transitive ) To damage the skin of (fruit or vegetables), in an analogous way.
( intransitive ) Of fruit or vegetables, to gain bruises through being handled roughly .
Bananas bruise easily.
( intransitive ) To become bruised.
I bruise easily.
( intransitive ) To fight with the fists ; to box .
( transitive , figurative ) To harm or injure somebody's feelings or self-esteem.
Her thoughtless remarks bruised my ego.
I was bruise d by such wanton criticism.
( transitive ) To impair (gin) by shaking rather than stirring.
strike (a person), giving them a bruise
cause fruit or vegetables to bruise
Bulgarian: натъртвам (bg) ( natǎrtvam )
Catalan: macar (ca) , maganyar (ca)
Finnish: kolhia mustelmille
French: taler (fr) , cotir (fr)
Irish: brúigh , meil
Maori: kōmeke
Russian: мять (ru) impf ( mjatʹ ) , помя́ть (ru) pf ( pomjátʹ )
Sicilian: cunzari (scn) , abbirsari (scn) , cappulijari (scn) , vunchiari (scn) , sunari (scn) , mazzulijari (scn)
Spanish: mazar (es) , magullar (es) , machacar (es)
of fruit or vegetables, to gain bruises
A bruise (def. 1) caused by a handrail
A bruise (def. 2) on a quince
bruise (plural bruises )
A purplish mark on the skin due to leakage of blood from capillaries under the surface that have been damaged by a blow .
A dark mark on fruit or vegetables caused by a blow to the surface.
medical: mark on the skin
Abkhaz: please add this translation if you can
Arabic: كَدْمَة f ( kadma )
Armenian: կապտուկ (hy) ( kaptuk )
Avar: please add this translation if you can
Azerbaijani: göy (az) , göyərti (az)
Basque: ubeldur , ubelune
Belarusian: сіня́к m ( sinják )
Bulgarian: синка (bg) f ( sinka ) , натъртено място ( natǎrteno mjasto )
Catalan: blau (ca) m , blaüra (ca) f
Cebuano: bun-og
Chechen: please add this translation if you can
Chinese:
Mandarin: 瘀青 (zh) ( yūqīng )
Czech: podlitina f , modřina (cs) f
Danish: blåt mærke n , blodudtrædning c
Dutch: blauwe plek f
Esperanto: kontuzo
Finnish: mustelma (fi)
French: bleu (fr) m , contusion (fr) f , ecchymose (fr) f , meurtrissure (fr) f
Galician: mazadura (gl) f , negrón m , hematoma m
Georgian: დალურჯებული ადგილი ( dalurǯebuli adgili )
German: Prellung (de) f , Bluterguss (de) m , blauer Fleck m
Greek: μώλωπας (el) m ( mólopas )
Ancient: μώλωψ m ( mṓlōps )
Hebrew: חַבּוּרָה (he) m ( khabura )
Hiligaynon: lanog , pal-us
Hungarian: horzsolás (hu) , zúzódás (hu)
Ilocano: sugat
Indonesian: bonyok (id)
Irish: ball gorm m
Italian: livido (it) m
Japanese: あざ (ja) ( aza )
Karachay-Balkar: кюлтюм ( kültüm )
Khmer: ជាំ (km) ( cŏəm ) , ខ្ទាំសាច់ ( khtŏəmsac )
Kinaray-a: lanus
Latin: contusio f , līvor m , sūgillātiō f
Latvian: zilums (lv) m
Macedonian: модринка f ( modrinka ) , модрица f ( modrica )
Malagasy: manamangana (mg)
Maori: uruhua , marū
Mongolian: хөхрүүлэх ( xöxrüülex )
Norman: êcouocheuse f , meurdrisseûthe f
Ossetian: цъӕррӕмыхст ( c’ærræmyxst )
Polish: siniak (pl) m , siniec m , stłuczenie (pl) n
Portuguese: hematoma (pt) m , roxo (pt) m
Romanian: julitură (ro) f , vânătaie (ro) f
Russian: ссадина (ru) f ( ssadina ) , синя́к (ru) m ( sinják ) , уши́б (ru) m ( ušíb ) , кровоподтёк (ru) m ( krovopodtjók ) , гемато́ма (ru) f ( gematóma )
Scottish Gaelic: pronnadh m
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: ма̀сница f , мо̀дрица f
Roman: màsnica (sh) f , mòdrica (sh) f
Slovak: modrina f , podliatina f , šinka f
Slovene: modrica (sl) f
Spanish: moratón (es) m ( colloquial ) , moretón (es) m ( colloquial ) , cardenal (es) m , magulladura (es) f , hematoma (es) m
Swahili: chubuko
Swedish: blåmärke (sv) n
Tagalog: pasâ
Thai: รอยช้ำ
Tibetan: སྨུག་ཏིག ( smug tig )
Turkish: morluk (tr) , morartı (tr) , çürük (tr)
Tuvan: please add this translation if you can
Ukrainian: синя́к (uk) m ( synják ) , сине́ць m ( synécʹ )
Welsh: briw m , clais m
mark on fruit or vegetable
bruise
( dated or formal ) singular present subjunctive of bruisen
bruise f sg
genitive singular of bruis ( “ brush; pubic hair ” )
Irish mutation
Radical
Lenition
Eclipsis
bruise
bhruise
mbruise
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.