had
Translingual
Symbol
had
See also
English
Etymology
From Middle English hadde (preterite), yhad (past participle), from Old English hæfde (first and third person singular preterite), ġehæfd (past participle), from Proto-Germanic *habdaz, past and past participle stem of *habjaną (“to have”), equivalent to have + -ed. Cognate with Dutch had, German hatte, Swedish hade, Icelandic hafði.
Pronunciation
- (stressed) IPA(key): /hæd/
Audio (General American): (file) - (had to): IPA(key): /hæt/
- (unstressed) IPA(key): /həd/, /əd/
- Rhymes: -æd
Verb
had
- simple past and past participle of have
- This morning I had an egg for breakfast.
- A good time was had by all.
- 1814 May 9, [Jane Austen], chapter I, in Mansfield Park: […], volume I, London: […] [George Sidney] for T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC, page 1:
- About thirty years ago, Miss Maria Ward, of Huntingdon, with only seven thousand pounds, had the good luck to captivate Sir Thomas Bertram, of Mansfield Park, in the county of Northampton, […].
- (auxiliary, followed by a past participle) Used to form the past perfect tense, expressing an action that took place prior to a reference point that is itself in the past.
- I felt sure that I had seen him before.
- 2011 April 15, Ben Cooper, The Guardian, London:
- Cooper seems an odd choice, but imagine if they had taken MTV's advice and chosen Robert Pattinson?
- (auxiliary, now rare) As past subjunctive: would have.
- 1499, John Skelton, The Bowge of Courte:
- To holde myne honde, by God, I had grete payne; / For forthwyth there I had him slayne, / But that I drede mordre wolde come oute […].
- 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 4, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:
- Julius Cæsar had escaped death, if going to the Senate-house, that day wherein he was murthered by the Conspirators, he had read a memorial which was presented unto him.
- 1849, Alfred, Lord Tennyson, In Memoriam, section 24:
- If all was good and fair we met, / This earth had been the Paradise / It never look’d to human eyes / Since our first Sun arose and set.
- 1898, George Bernard Shaw, Caesar and Cleopatra:
- CAESAR (smiling). Of course I had rather you stayed.
Usage notes
Had, like that, is one of a small number of words to be correctly used twice in succession in English in a non-contrived way, e.g. “He had had several operations previously.”
Derived terms
Anagrams
Afrikaans
Verb
had
Breton
Etymology
From Proto-Brythonic *had, from Proto-Celtic *satos, from *sh₁-tó-, past participle of Proto-Indo-European *seh₁- (“to sow”). Cognate with English seed.
Noun
had m (plural hadoù)
Central Cagayan Agta
Pronoun
had
- (interrogative) where
Czech
Etymology
Inherited from Old Czech had, from Proto-Slavic *gadъ.
Pronunciation
Noun
had m anim (related adjective hadí)
Declension
Derived terms
Related terms
- hadice f
Further reading
- “had”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935-1957
- “had”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
- “had”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)
Danish
Etymology
From Old Norse hatr, from Proto-Germanic *hataz, from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂d- (“hate”).
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -ad
Noun
had n (singular definite hadet, not used in plural form)
Related terms
Verb
had
- imperative of hade
Dutch
Pronunciation
Verb
had
Hungarian
Etymology
From Old Hungarian hodu, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *kunta.[1] Cognate with Finnish kunta.
Pronunciation
Noun
had (plural hadak)
Declension
Inflection (stem in -a-, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | had | hadak |
accusative | hadat | hadakat |
dative | hadnak | hadaknak |
instrumental | haddal | hadakkal |
causal-final | hadért | hadakért |
translative | haddá | hadakká |
terminative | hadig | hadakig |
essive-formal | hadként | hadakként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | hadban | hadakban |
superessive | hadon | hadakon |
adessive | hadnál | hadaknál |
illative | hadba | hadakba |
sublative | hadra | hadakra |
allative | hadhoz | hadakhoz |
elative | hadból | hadakból |
delative | hadról | hadakról |
ablative | hadtól | hadaktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
hadé | hadaké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
hadéi | hadakéi |
Possessive forms of had | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | hadam | hadaim |
2nd person sing. | hadad | hadaid |
3rd person sing. | hada | hadai |
1st person plural | hadunk | hadaink |
2nd person plural | hadatok | hadaitok |
3rd person plural | haduk | hadaik |
Derived terms
References
- ^ Róna-Tas, András, Berta, Árpád, Károly, László (2011) West Old Turkic: Turkic Loanwords in Hungarian (Turcologica; 84), volume II, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, page 1277
Further reading
- had in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Indonesian
Etymology
Inherited from Malay had (“limit, boundary”), from Arabic حَدّ (ḥadd).
Pronunciation
Noun
had (plural had-had, first-person possessive hadku, second-person possessive hadmu, third-person possessive hadnya)
- (rare) limit
- (rare) boundary
- Synonym: batas
- (rare) until
- Synonym: hingga
- (rare) as far as.
- Synonym: sejauh
Derived terms
Further reading
- “had” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Jersey Dutch
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
Verb
had
- singular past indicative of hävve; had.
- 1912, Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsche taal— en letterkunde, volumes 31-32, page 309:
- En kääd'l had twî jongers; […]
- A man had two sons. […]
Malay
Etymology
From Classical Malay [script needed] (had), from Arabic حَدّ (ḥadd).
Pronunciation
Noun
had (Jawi spelling حد, plural had-had, informal 1st possessive hadku, 2nd possessive hadmu, 3rd possessive hadnya)
- limit
- (mathematics) A value to which a sequence converges. Equivalently, the common value of the upper limit and the lower limit of a sequence: if the upper and lower limits are different, then the sequence has no limit (i.e., does not converge).
- Synonym: limit (Indonesian)
- (mathematics) A value to which a sequence converges. Equivalently, the common value of the upper limit and the lower limit of a sequence: if the upper and lower limits are different, then the sequence has no limit (i.e., does not converge).
- boundary
Synonyms
Derived terms
Descendants
- Indonesian: had
Further reading
- “had” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
Matal
Verb
had
References
Middle English
Noun
had
- Alternative form of hod
Old Czech
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gadъ.
Pronunciation
Noun
had m animal
Declension
singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | had | hady | hadi, hadové |
genitive | hada, hadu | hadú | hadóv |
dative | hadu, hadovi | hadoma | hadóm |
accusative | had, hada | hady | hady |
vocative | hade | hady | hadi, hadové |
locative | hadě, hadu, hadovi | hadú | hadiech |
instrumental | hadem | hadoma | hady |
See also Appendix:Old Czech nouns and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.
Descendants
- Czech: had
Further reading
- Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “had”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
Old English
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *haidu, from Proto-Germanic *haiduz (“state, condition, rank, person”). Akin to Old Norse heiðr (“dignity, honor”), Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌿𐍃 (haidus, “manner”).
Pronunciation
Noun
hād m
- person, individual
- a character
- c. 1011, Byrhtferth, Manual[1]:
- Þonne sē sċop inn ġebringþ ōðre hādas þe wiþ hine wordliġen swelċe hīe him andswariġen, þonne biþ sēo ġesetnes "ġemǣnu" oþþe "ġemenġedu" ġeċīeġed.
- When the poet introduces other characters who talk to him as if they're answering him, the composition is called "common" or "mixed."
- individuality
- rank, status
- 9th century, the Blickling Homilies, "The Third Sunday in Lent"
- ġehwelċes hādes menn
- people of every rank
- 9th century, the Blickling Homilies, "The Third Sunday in Lent"
- a person of the Trinity
- c. 992, Ælfric, "Of the Catholic Faith"
- Nis sē Fæder āna Þrīnes, oþþe sē Sunu Þrīnes, oþþe sē Hālga Gāst Þrīnes, ac þās þrī hādas sind ān god on ānre godcundnesse.
- The Trinity is not the Father alone, or the Son, or the Holy Spirit; these three persons are one god in one godhead.
- c. 992, Ælfric, "Of the Catholic Faith"
- honor, dignity
- office (esp religious)
- state, condition; nature, manner
- gender
- c. 992, Ælfric, "On the Nativity of the Holy Virgins"
- Sēo ġelaðung is ġegaderod of ǣġðres hādes mannum, þæt is, werhādes and wīfhādes.
- The church is gathered from people of each gender, that is, the male sex and the female sex.
- c. 992, Ælfric, "On the Nativity of the Holy Virgins"
- (grammar) grammatical person
- c. 995, Ælfric, Excerptiones de Arte Grammatica Anglice
- Þrī hādas sind worda. Sē forma hād is þe spricþ be him selfum ānum ("iċ seċġe", oþþe mid ōðrum mannum on maniġfealdum ġetæle, "wē seċġaþ"). Sē ōðer hād is þe sē forma spricþ tō ("þū sæġst", oþþe maniġfealdlīċe "ġē seċġaþ"). Sē þridda hād is be þǣm þe sē forma hād spricþ tō þǣm ōðrum hāde ("hē sæġþ", oþþe maniġfealdlīċe "hīe seċġaþ").
- Verbs have three persons. The first person talks about himself alone ("I say", or with other people in the plural, "we say"). The second person is whoever the first person talks to ("you say", or in the plural "y'all say"). The third person is whoever the first person talks about to the second person ("he says", or in the plural "they say").
- c. 995, Ælfric, Excerptiones de Arte Grammatica Anglice
- race; kindred, family; tribe, group
- choir
Declension
Derived terms
Related terms
Descendants
Slovak
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gadъ.
Pronunciation
Noun
had m anim (genitive singular hada, nominative plural hady, genitive plural hadov, declension pattern of dub)
Declension
Derived terms
Further reading
- “had”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024
Sumerian
Romanization
had
- Romanization of 𒉺 (ḫad)
Turkish
Etymology
From Ottoman Turkish حد (hadd), from Arabic حَدّ (ḥadd).
Pronunciation
Noun
had (definite accusative haddi, plural hadler or hudut)
Declension
Inflection | ||
---|---|---|
Nominative | had | |
Definite accusative | haddi | |
Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | had | hadler |
Definite accusative | haddi | hadleri |
Dative | hadde | hadlere |
Locative | hadde | hadlerde |
Ablative | hadden | hadlerden |
Genitive | haddin | hadlerin |
Related terms
Upper Sorbian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gàdъ.
Pronunciation
Noun
had m animal (diminutive hadźik)
Declension
References
- “had” in Soblex
Uzbek
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic حَدّ (ḥadd, “limit”). Compare Turkish had.
Noun
had (plural hadlar)
Welsh
Etymology
From Middle Welsh hat, from Proto-Brythonic *had, from Proto-Celtic *satos, from Proto-Indo-European *sh₁-tó-, past participle of *seh₁- (“to sow”). Cognate with English seed.
Pronunciation
Noun
had m pl or m sg (singulative hedyn, plural hadau)
Derived terms
- hadblanhigyn m (“seedling”)
- hadog (“seeded”, adjective)
Related terms
- hadu (“to sow”)
Further reading
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “had”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
Yola
Verb
had
- Alternative form of hadh (“had”)
- 1867, GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page 79:
- Ich woul ich had.
- I wish I had.
- 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 84:
- Yith Muzleare had ba hole, t'was mee Tommeen,
- If Good-for-little had been buried, it had been my Tommy,
- 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 7, page 86:
- An aar w' had Treblere an sturdy Cournug.
- And there we had Treblere and sturdy Cournug.
- 1867, “ABOUT AN OLD SOW GOING TO BE KILLED”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 106:
- Eee crappès o' a shearde ich had a cousaane.
- In the bushes of the gap I had a hole to go through.
- 1867, “SONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 2, page 108:
- Hea had no much wut,
- He had not much wit,
References
- Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867
- Translingual lemmas
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- ISO 639-3
- English terms inherited from Middle English
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- English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- English terms suffixed with -ed
- English 1-syllable words
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- Rhymes:English/æd
- Rhymes:English/æd/1 syllable
- English non-lemma forms
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- Breton terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic
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- Breton terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Breton terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Breton lemmas
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- br:Botany
- br:Agriculture
- Central Cagayan Agta lemmas
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- Czech terms inherited from Old Czech
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- Rhymes:Czech/at
- Rhymes:Czech/at/1 syllable
- Czech lemmas
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- Czech hard masculine animate nouns
- cs:Snakes
- Danish terms inherited from Old Norse
- Danish terms derived from Old Norse
- Danish terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Danish terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Danish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Rhymes:Danish/ad
- Rhymes:Danish/ad/1 syllable
- Danish lemmas
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- Hungarian terms inherited from Old Hungarian
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- Rhymes:Hungarian/ɒd
- Rhymes:Hungarian/ɒd/1 syllable
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian nouns
- hu:Military
- Hungarian three-letter words
- Indonesian terms inherited from Malay
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- Rhymes:Indonesian/hat
- Rhymes:Indonesian/hat/2 syllables
- Indonesian lemmas
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- ms:Mathematics
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- Old Czech terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
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- Old Czech animal nouns
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- ang:Grammar
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- sk:Snakes
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- Upper Sorbian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
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- Rhymes:Upper Sorbian/at
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- Upper Sorbian lemmas
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- Upper Sorbian masculine nouns
- Upper Sorbian animal nouns
- hsb:Zoology
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- hsb:Snakes
- Uzbek terms borrowed from Arabic
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- Uzbek terms derived from the Arabic root ح د د
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- Welsh terms inherited from Middle Welsh
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- Welsh lemmas
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- cy:Agriculture
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- Yola non-lemma forms
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