kini
Bikol Central
Pronunciation
Noun
kiní
Derived terms
Cebuano
Etymology 1
From Western Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-ni.[1] The initial "k(a/i)-" is a common feature among demonstratives: kiri (“this”), kana (“that”), and kadto (“that”). Related to dinhi (“here”), kanhi (“in former times”), nganhi (“hither”), and anhi (“to come”), in a similar pattern with other Cebuano demonstrative pronouns. Compare Hiligaynon ini, Malay ini.
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
Adverb
kiní
- this (near where the speaker and the listener are)
Usage notes
- kani is the form most commonly used by speakers, while kini may come off as old-fashioned and literary.
- In colloquial usage, the nuances of kiri (“this near me”) and kini (“this near us”) have become blurred, such that both are used interchangeably.
See also
Direct* | Indirect* | Oblique | Locative | Allative | Existential** | Interjection** | Manner** | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Full | Short | Full | Short | Full | Short | Full | Short | Full | Short | ||||
Near speaker*** | karí kirí |
ri | niari niiri |
ari iri |
kan-ari† kan-iri† |
dirí | ngarí | adia | dia | diará | dará | ingon ari | Ø |
Near speaker and listener*** | kaní kiní |
ni | niani niini |
ani ini |
kan-ani† kan-ini† |
dinhi | nganhi | ania | nia | niará | Ø | ingon ani | ing-ani in-ani |
Near listener | kanâ | nà | nianà | anà | kan-anà† | dinhà dirâ |
nganhà ngarâ |
anaa | naa | naará | nará | ingon anà | ing-anà in-anà |
Remote | kadto kató |
to | niadto niato |
adto ato |
kan-adto† | didto | ngadto | atua | tua | tuará | turá | ingon adto ingon ato |
ing-ato in-ato |
†Archaic *When the demonstrative is used as a predicate, the full form must be used. Short forms never start sentences. **Full and short forms used interchangeably. Full forms may be more formal, while short forms may be more colloquial. ***These two series may be conflated in colloquial Cebuano. |
Etymology 2
Compare Waray-Waray kini.
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: ki‧ni
Noun
kini
- the live sharksucker (Echeneis naucrates)
- Synonym: kumi
References
Hawaiian
Etymology 1
From Proto-Eastern Polynesian *tini.[1]
Noun
kini
Number
kini
- forty thousand
Etymology 2
Borrowed from English king.[1]
Noun
kini
Etymology 3
Noun
kini
Etymology 4
Noun
kini
- gin (alcoholic beverage)
Etymology 5
Noun
kini
Etymology 6
Possibly borrowed from English tin.[1] However, there is no such term included in online marble glossaries.[2][3][4]
Noun
kini
Etymology 7
borrowed from English zinc.[1]
Noun
kini
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Pukui, Mary Kawena, Elbert, Samuel H. (1986) “kini”, in Hawaiian Dictionary, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, entry at Wehewehe.org here
- ^ A Glossary of Marble Players' Terms, http://www.americantoymarbles.com/glossary.htm
- ^ Marble Terminology, https://web.archive.org/web/20221115212718/http://www.dougsmithart.com/wordpress_site2/marble-terminology/
- ^ Streetplay.com Marbles Glossary, http://www.streetplay.com/thegames/marbles/marbleglossary.shtml
Iban
Pronunciation
Adverb
kini
- (interrogative) to where
Indonesian
Etymology
Inherited from Malay kini. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
Adjective
kini
Adverb
kini
Derived terms
Further reading
- “kini” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Jamamadí
Adjective
kini
- (Banawá) green
References
- 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.
Japanese
Romanization
kini
Javanese
Etymology
Determiner
kini
Malay
Pronunciation
Adjective
kini (Jawi spelling کيني)
Adverb
kini (Jawi spelling کيني)
Synonyms
Further reading
- “kini” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
Maori
Etymology 1
From Proto-Polynesian *kini. Compare Hawaiian ʻiniki (“to pinch, to nip; to be sharp and piercing”, intransitive), ʻiniʻini (“to pinch”, transitive).
Verb
kini
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Noun
kini
- guinea (a coin)
References
- “kini” in John C. Moorfield, Te Aka: Maori–English, English–Maori Dictionary and Index, 3rd edition, Longman/Pearson Education New Zealand, 2011, →ISBN.
Naga Pidgin
Etymology
Derived from Assamese কিনা (kina).
Verb
kini
To'abaita
Noun
kini
References
- Frantisek Lichtenberk, A Grammar of Toqabaqita
Yoruba
Etymology
From kí (“to greet”) + ẹni (“a person”)
Pronunciation
Verb
kíni
- to greet someone
Derived terms
- ìkíni (“greeting”)
- Bikol Central terms with IPA pronunciation
- Bikol Central lemmas
- Bikol Central nouns
- Cebuano terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Cebuano terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Cebuano terms with IPA pronunciation
- Cebuano lemmas
- Cebuano adverbs
- Cebuano nouns
- Cebuano location adverbs
- Hawaiian terms inherited from Proto-Eastern Polynesian
- Hawaiian terms derived from Proto-Eastern Polynesian
- Hawaiian lemmas
- Hawaiian nouns
- Hawaiian numbers
- Hawaiian terms borrowed from English
- Hawaiian terms derived from English
- haw:Alcoholic beverages
- Iban terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Iban/ni
- Iban lemmas
- Iban adverbs
- Indonesian terms inherited from Malay
- Indonesian terms derived from Malay
- Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Indonesian/ni
- Rhymes:Indonesian/ni/2 syllables
- Indonesian lemmas
- Indonesian adjectives
- Indonesian adverbs
- Jamamadí lemmas
- Jamamadí adjectives
- jaa:Colors
- Japanese non-lemma forms
- Japanese romanizations
- Javanese clippings
- Javanese lemmas
- Javanese determiners
- Cirebon Javanese
- Malay terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Malay/ini
- Rhymes:Malay/ni
- Rhymes:Malay/i
- Rhymes:Malay/i/2 syllables
- Malay lemmas
- Malay adjectives
- Malay adverbs
- Maori terms derived from Proto-Polynesian
- Maori lemmas
- Maori verbs
- Maori terms borrowed from English
- Maori terms derived from English
- Maori nouns
- Naga Pidgin terms derived from Assamese
- Naga Pidgin lemmas
- Naga Pidgin verbs
- To'abaita lemmas
- To'abaita nouns
- Yoruba compound terms
- Yoruba terms with IPA pronunciation
- Yoruba lemmas
- Yoruba verbs