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  2. Wiktionary
  3. osoba
osoba

osoba

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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See also: òsoba, ôsoba, and osobą

Czech

Czech Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia cs

Etymology

Inherited from Old Czech osoba, from Proto-Slavic *osoba.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈosoba]
  • Audio:(file)

Noun

osoba f

  1. person
  2. (grammar) person

Declension

Declension of osoba (hard feminine)
singular plural
nominative osoba osoby
genitive osoby osob
dative osobě osobám
accusative osobu osoby
vocative osobo osoby
locative osobě osobách
instrumental osobou osobami

Further reading

  • “osoba”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
  • “osoba”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
  • “osoba”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech)

Old Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *osoba.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): (13th CE) /ˈosoba/
  • IPA(key): (15th CE) /ˈosoba/

Noun

osoba f

  1. being (thing that exists from its properties)
  2. form, appearance, shape
  3. image, simile
  4. form; manner of existence
  5. (Christianity) body and blood (bread and wine) of the Sacrament of the Eucharist (Is there an English equivalent to this definition?)
  6. (Christianity) person (any one of the three hypostases of the Holy Trinity: the Father, Son, or Holy Spirit)
  7. person
  8. person (in conjunction with another nominal; someone specific and not someone else)
  9. (grammar) person

Declension

Declension of osoba (hard a-stem)
singular dual plural
nominative osoba osobě osoby
genitive osoby osobú osob
dative osobě osobama osobám
accusative osobu osobě osoby
vocative osobo osobě osoby
locative osobě osobú osobách
instrumental osobú osobama osobami
This table shows the most common forms around the 13th century.
See also Appendix:Old Czech nouns and Appendix:Old Czech pronunciation.

Derived terms

adjectives
adverbs
nouns
verbs

Descendants

  • Czech: osoba

Further reading

Old Polish

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *osoba. First attested in the mid 15th century.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /ɔsɔba/
  • IPA(key): (15th CE) /ɔsɔba/

Noun

osoba f

  1. (attested in Lesser Poland) essence (quality that makes up or determines a being)
    • 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter]‎[1], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], page Ath 29, sim. Puł:
      Bog gest z osoby (ex substantia) albo sz postawy oczczowy... vrodzon, a czlowekem gest z osoby (ex substantia) maczerzyny
      [Bog jest z osoby (ex substantia) albo z postawy oćcowy... urodzon, a człowiekiem jest z osoby (ex substantia) macierzyny]
  2. person
    Synonyms: człowiek, twarz
    • 1930 [c. 1455], “Deut”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)‎[2], section 1,17:
      Niżadnemu rozdział nie będzie miedzy osobami (nulla erit distantia personarum) sąsiednimi, takież małego jako wielikiego przesłyszcie ani przymiecie czyjejkoli osoby (personam), bo sąd boży jest
      [Nyzadnemv rosdzal nye *bodze myedzi osobami (nulla erit distantia personarum) søszetnimi, takesz malego iako wyelikyego przesliscze, ani przymyecze czyeykoli osoby (personam), bo søød bozi iest]
  3. (attested in Masovia) form, appearance, shape
    • 1928 [End of the fifteenth century], Jan Janów, editor, Zespół ewangelijny Biblioteki Ordynacji Zamoyskich nr 1116, Warsaw, page 300:
      Othvorzylo szya nyebo y stapyl dvch szvyąthy w czyelney oszobye (corporali specie Luc 3, 22), yakoby goląbycza, nan
      [Otworzyło się niebo i zstąpił Duch Święty w cielnej osobie (corporali specie Luc 3, 22) jakoby gołębica, nań]
  4. (attested in Masovia) type, species, kind
    • 1895 [1448–1450], Mikołaj Suled, edited by Franciszek Piekosiński, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, Warka, page 112:
      Vrząndnyczi... ot ludzy... ot ktorichkoly rzeczi, kupy ktoregokoly bi rodzayu albo ossobi (cuiuscumque generis vel speciei)... bilibi, targowego braacz nye mayąn
      [Urzędnicy... ot ludzi... ot ktorychkoli rzeczy kupi, ktoregokoli by rodzaju albo osoby (cuiuscumque generis vel speciei)... byłyby, targowego brać nie mają]

Derived terms

adjectives
adverbs
nouns
verb

Descendants

References

  • B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “osoba”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

Polish

Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish osoba.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɔˈsɔ.ba/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɔba
  • Syllabification: o‧so‧ba

Noun

osoba f (diminutive osóbka)

  1. person
    Synonyms: człowiek, twarz
  2. (grammar) person
  3. (obsolete) form, appearance, shape; persona
  4. (Middle Polish, theater) character in a play
  5. → (narratology) character in any work [with genitive ‘of what’]
    Synonym: postać
  6. person (in conjunction with another nominal; someone specific and not someone else)
    osoba ministra ― the minister/the minister's person
    osoba autora ― the author/the author's person
    osoba króla ― the king/the king's person
    osoba papieża ― the pope/the pope's person
    osoba władcy ― the ruler/the ruler's person
  7. (humorous, obsolete) personality, notable, figure (well-known person)
    Synonym: osobistość
  8. (Middle Polish) property, essence (quality that makes up or determines a being)
  9. (Middle Polish, Christianity) person (any one of the three hypostases of the Holy Trinity: the Father, Son, or Holy Spirit)
  10. (Middle Polish, Christianity) body and blood (bread and wine) of the Sacrament of the Eucharist (Is there an English equivalent to this definition?)
  11. (Middle Polish) The meaning of this term is uncertain.
    • 1563, Biblija (tzw. brzeska)‎[3], page 120c marg:
      W Greckim ſtoi Hypoſtáſis/ ktore słowo poſpolićie po Polſku wykłádáią bytnoſćią ábo iſtnoſćią/ ábo też oſobą/ wſzákoż káżdemu tu ná wolą dano niech káżdy iákich chce wykłádow vżywa/ gdyż trudno thy słowá Greckie właśnie wyráżone być máią ięzykiem náſzim.
      [W Greckim stoi Hypostasis/ które słowo pospolićie po Polsku wykładają bytnosćią abo istnością/ abo też osobą/ wszakoż każdemu tu na wolą dano niech każdy jakich chce wykładów używa/ gdyż trudno ty słowa Greckie właśnie wyrażone być mają językiem naszym.]

Declension

Declension of osoba
singular plural
nominative osoba osoby
genitive osoby osób
dative osobie osobom
accusative osobę osoby
instrumental osobą osobami
locative osobie osobach
vocative osobo osoby

Derived terms

adjectives
adverbs
nouns
verb
adjective
adverb
nouns

Collocations

Collocations
  • ważna osoba ― important person
  • święta osoba ― holy person
  • państwowa osoba ― state person
  • poważna osoba ― serious person
  • zawodowa osoba ― professional person
  • indywidualne osoby ― individual persons
  • konkretna osoba ― particular person
  • obca osoba ― strange person
  • rozmaite osoby ― various people
  • żywa osoba ― living person
  • wspaniała osoba ― great person
  • pojedyncze osoby ― single persons
  • podejrzana osoba ― suspicious person
  • ukochaa osoba ― loved person
  • osoba publiczna ― public person
  • osoba ubezwłasnowolniona ― incapacitated person
  • osoba postronna ― bystander
  • osoba prywatna ― private person
  • osoba zmarła ― the person died
  • osoba prawna ― legal person
  • osoba winna ― guilty person
  • osoba dorosła ― adult
  • osoba ograniczona ― limited person
  • osoba ubezpieczona ― insured person
  • osoba niepełnosprawna ― disabled person
  • sprawa osoby ― person's thing/issue/affair/business
  • życie osoby ― person's life
  • prawo osoby ― the right of a person
  • praca osoby ― the work of a person
  • grupa osób ― group of people
  • zespół osób ― team of people
  • głos osoby ― person's vote
  • sytuacja osoby ― person's situation
  • śmierć osoby ― death of a person
  • wola osoby ― person's will
  • rodzina osoby ― person's family
  • stanowisko osoby ― person's position
  • rozwój osoby ― person development
  • rola osoby ― role of the person
  • zdrowie osoby ― health of the person
  • opinia osoby ― person's opinion
  • wiedza osoby ― person's knowledge
  • wolność osoby ― freedom of a person
  • ochrona osoby ― protection of a person
  • zgoda osoby ― consent of a person
  • pozycja osoby ― person's position
  • nazwisko osoby ― person's name
  • zachowanie osoby ― behavior of a person
  • los osoby ― the fate of a person
  • kategoria osób ― category of people
  • odpowiedzialność osoby ― person's responsibility
  • własność osoby ― property of a person
  • wrażenie osoby ― impression of a person
  • cecha osoby ― feature of a person
  • obecność osoby ― the presence of a person
  • majątek osoby ― person's property
  • relacja osób ― relationship of people
  • funkcjonowanie osoby ― functioning of a person
  • postawa osoby ― person's attitude
  • fotografia osoby ― photography of a person
  • dusza osoby ― soul of a person
  • umysł osoby ― mind of a person
  • intencja osoby ― person's intention
  • utrata osoby ― loss of a person
  • szkoda osoby ― damage to a person
  • żądanie osoby ― person's request
  • osoba czynności ― person of action
  • osoba jakiegoś pochodzenia ― person of some origin

Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), osoba is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 21 times in scientific texts, 109 times in news, 29 times in essays, 23 times in fiction, and 14 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 196 times, making it the 279th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]

References

  1. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “osoba”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 343

Further reading

  • osoba in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • osoba in Polish dictionaries at PWN
  • Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “osoba”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
  • “OSOBA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 07.05.2010
  • Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “osoba”, in Słownik języka polskiego
  • Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “osoba”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
  • J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1904), “osoba”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 3, Warsaw, page 856
  • Wanda Decyk-Zięba, editor (2018-2022), “osoba”, in Dydaktyczny Słownik Etymologiczno-historyczny Języka Polskiego [A Didactic, Historical, Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), →ISBN

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *osoba.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ôsoba/
  • Hyphenation: o‧so‧ba

Noun

ȍsoba f (Cyrillic spelling о̏соба)

  1. person

Declension

Declension of osoba
singular plural
nominative osoba osobe
genitive osobe osoba
dative osobi osobama
accusative osobu osobe
vocative osobo osobe
locative osobi osobama
instrumental osobom osobama

Further reading

  • “osoba” in Hrvatski jezični portal

Silesian

Noun

osoba f

  1. Proscribed form of ôsoba
    • 2013, Waldemar Szymczyk, editor, Rajzyntasza‎[4], →ISBN, archived from the original on December 1, 2021, page 34:
      W brutalnej burdzie zginęła jedna osoba, czternaścioro rannych przewieziono już do szpitala.
      One person died in a brutal brawl, and the fourteen injured have already been transferred to the hospital.

Slovak

Slovak Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia sk

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *osoba.

Pronunciation

Noun

osoba f

  1. person
  2. (grammar) person

Declension

Declension of osoba
singular plural
nominative osoba osoby
genitive osoby osôb
dative osobe osobám
accusative osobu osoby
locative osobe osobách
instrumental osobou osobami

References

  • “osoba”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024
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