proteranthous
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
English
Etymology
PIE word |
---|
*h₂éndʰos |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/20200425Ornithogalum_umbellatum1.jpg/220px-20200425Ornithogalum_umbellatum1.jpg)
From protero- (prefix meaning ‘earliest, first’) + antho- (prefix meaning ‘flowers’) + -ous (suffix meaning ‘possession of’ forming adjectives).[1]
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˌpɹəʊtəɹˈænθəs/
Audio (Southern England): (file) - (General American) IPA(key): /ˌproʊtəɹˈænθəs/, /-ɾəɹ-/
- Rhymes: -ænθəs
- Hyphenation: pro‧ter‧anth‧ous
Adjective
proteranthous (not comparable) (botany, rare)
- Of a plant: having flowers that appear earlier than the leaves.
- Coordinate terms: hysteranthous, synanthous
- [1879, Asa Gray, Gray’s Botanical Text-book. Vol. I. Structural Botany or Organography on the Basis of Morphology. […], 6th edition, New York, N.Y., Cincinnati, Oh.: American Book Company from the press of Ivison, Blakeman & Company, →OCLC, page 428, column 2:
- Proteranthous (-us). Where flowering precedes leafing.]
- 1898, Roscoe Pound, Fredreric E[dward] Clements, “The Vegetation Forms of the Flora”, in The Phytogeography of Nebraska. 1. General Survey, 2nd edition, Lincoln, Neb.: […] [T]he [Botanical] Seminar [Botanical Survey of Nebraska, University of Nebraska], published 1900, →OCLC, page 143:
- The prevernal period begins with the first blooming after the period of rest, and lasts until the foliation of the proteranthous trees, altogether hardly more than two weeks.
- 1957, Richard E[ric] Holttum, H. B. Gilliland, A Revised Flora of Malaya: An Illustrated Systematic Account of the Malayan Flora, Including Commonly Cultivated Plants, 2nd edition, volume 1 (Orchids of Malaya), Singapore: Government Printing Office, →OCLC:
- The heteranthous inflorescence is a development from the proteranthous condition in which the growth of the pseudobulb and leaves is deferred until after the flowering […]
- Of a plant: having leaves that appear earlier than the flowers.
- 2012 July 16, Rina Kamenetsky, “Biodiversity of Geophytes: Phytogeography, Morphology, and Survival Strategies”, in Rina Kamenetsky, Hiroshi Okubo, editors, Ornamental Geophytes: From Basic Science to Sustainable Production, Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press, →ISBN, page 59:
- In hysteranthous plants, the photosynthesis rate is very low from flower emergence until anthesis. […] In contrast, in proteranthous growth the foliage dies down before the flower is produced and photosynthesis takes place before flowering […].
Usage notes
In Elements of Botany (1836), the American botanist Asa Gray (1810–1888) defined the word as “leaves appearing earlier than the flowers” (sense 2), but subsequently in Gray’s Botanical Text-book. Vol. I. (6th edition, 1879) it was defined as “flowers appearing earlier than the leaves” (sense 1): see the quotations above.
Related terms
Translations
of a plant: having flowers that appear earlier than the leaves
|
of a plant: having leaves that appear earlier than the flowers
|
References
- ^ “proteranthous, adj.”, in OED Online
, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, July 2023.
Further reading
glossary of botanical terms on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Categories:
- English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₂éndʰos
- English terms prefixed with protero-
- English terms prefixed with antho-
- English terms suffixed with -ous
- English 4-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- Rhymes:English/ænθəs
- Rhymes:English/ænθəs/4 syllables
- English lemmas
- English adjectives
- English uncomparable adjectives
- en:Botany
- English rare terms
- English terms with quotations
- English contranyms