retenir
Catalan
Alternative forms
Etymology
Inherited from Old Catalan retenir, from Latin retinēre, with normal change of conjugation to -ir.
Pronunciation
Verb
retenir (first-person singular present retinc, first-person singular preterite retinguí, past participle retingut); root stress: (Central, Valencia, Balearic) /e/
Conjugation
Related terms
References
- “retenir” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
French
Etymology
Inherited from Middle French retenir, from Old French retenir, from Vulgar Latin *retenīre, from Latin retinēre, from re- + teneō (“to hold”).
Pronunciation
Verb
retenir
- (transitive) to retain, hold
- (transitive) to hold back, rein in
- (transitive) to keep, detain, hold up
- (transitive) to remember
- (transitive, intransitive) to accept (que that)
- (transitive, law) to uphold
- (reflexive) to restrain oneself, hold back
- Je n’ai pas pu me retenir, je n’ai pas pu m’en empêcher. ― I couldn't help myself.
Conjugation
This is a verb in a group of -ir verbs. All verbs ending in -tenir, such as contenir and détenir, are conjugated this way. Such verbs are the only verbs whose the past historic and subjunctive imperfect endings do not start in one of these thematic vowels (-a-, -i-, -u-).
infinitive | simple | retenir | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | retenant /ʁə.t(ə).nɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | retenu /ʁə.t(ə).ny/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | retiens /ʁə.tjɛ̃/ |
retiens /ʁə.tjɛ̃/ |
retient /ʁə.tjɛ̃/ |
retenons /ʁə.t(ə).nɔ̃/ |
retenez /ʁə.t(ə).ne/ |
retiennent /ʁə.tjɛn/ |
imperfect | retenais /ʁə.t(ə).nɛ/ |
retenais /ʁə.t(ə).nɛ/ |
retenait /ʁə.t(ə).nɛ/ |
retenions /ʁə.tə.njɔ̃/ |
reteniez /ʁə.tə.nje/ |
retenaient /ʁə.t(ə).nɛ/ | |
past historic2 | retins /ʁə.tɛ̃/ |
retins /ʁə.tɛ̃/ |
retint /ʁə.tɛ̃/ |
retînmes /ʁə.tɛ̃m/ |
retîntes /ʁə.tɛ̃t/ |
retinrent /ʁə.tɛ̃ʁ/ | |
future | retiendrai /ʁə.tjɛ̃.dʁe/ |
retiendras /ʁə.tjɛ̃.dʁa/ |
retiendra /ʁə.tjɛ̃.dʁa/ |
retiendrons /ʁə.tjɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/ |
retiendrez /ʁə.tjɛ̃.dʁe/ |
retiendront /ʁə.tjɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | retiendrais /ʁə.tjɛ̃.dʁɛ/ |
retiendrais /ʁə.tjɛ̃.dʁɛ/ |
retiendrait /ʁə.tjɛ̃.dʁɛ/ |
retiendrions /ʁə.tjɛ̃.dʁi.jɔ̃/ |
retiendriez /ʁə.tjɛ̃.dʁi.je/ |
retiendraient /ʁə.tjɛ̃.dʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | retienne /ʁə.tjɛn/ |
retiennes /ʁə.tjɛn/ |
retienne /ʁə.tjɛn/ |
retenions /ʁə.tə.njɔ̃/ |
reteniez /ʁə.tə.nje/ |
retiennent /ʁə.tjɛn/ |
imperfect2 | retinsse /ʁə.tɛ̃s/ |
retinsses /ʁə.tɛ̃s/ |
retînt /ʁə.tɛ̃/ |
retinssions /ʁə.tɛ̃.sjɔ̃/ |
retinssiez /ʁə.tɛ̃.sje/ |
retinssent /ʁə.tɛ̃s/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | retiens /ʁə.tjɛ̃/ |
— | retenons /ʁə.t(ə).nɔ̃/ |
retenez /ʁə.t(ə).ne/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Derived terms
Related terms
Further reading
- “retenir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
Middle French
Etymology
From Old French retenir.
Verb
retenir
- to keep; to retain
- 1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 67:
- ceulx qui venoient en la dance estoient retenus
- those who came into the dance where retained
Descendants
Old French
Etymology
From Vulgar Latin *retenīre, from Latin retinēre, present active infinitive of retineō.
Verb
retenir
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb has a stressed present stem retien distinct from the unstressed stem reten, as well as other irregularities. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | retenir | avoir retenu | |||||
gerund | en retenant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
present participle | retenant | ||||||
past participle | retenu | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses |
present | retieng, retien | retiens | retient | retenons | retenez | retienent |
imperfect | retenoie, reteneie | retenoies, reteneies | retenoit, reteneit | reteniiens, reteniens | reteniiez, reteniez | retenoient, reteneient | |
preterite | retin | retenis | retint | retenimes | retenistes | retindrent, retinrent | |
future | retendrai | retendras | retendra | retendrons | retendroiz, retendreiz, retendrez | retendront | |
conditional | retendroie, retendreie | retendroies, retendreies | retendroit, retendreit | retendriiens, retendriens | retendriiez, retendriez | retendroient, retendreient | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses |
present | retiegne | retiegnes | retiegne | retiegniens, retiegnons | retiegniez | retiegnent |
imperfect | retenisse | retenisses | retenist | retenissons, retenissiens | retenissoiz, retenissez, retenissiez | retenissent | |
compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | retien | — | retenons | retenez | — |
Related terms
Descendants
- Catalan terms inherited from Old Catalan
- Catalan terms derived from Old Catalan
- Catalan terms inherited from Latin
- Catalan terms derived from Latin
- Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Catalan/i(ɾ)
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan verbs
- Catalan third conjugation verbs
- Catalan third conjugation verbs without -eix-
- Catalan verbs with velar infix
- Catalan irregular verbs
- Catalan reflexive verbs
- French terms inherited from Middle French
- French terms derived from Middle French
- French terms inherited from Old French
- French terms derived from Old French
- French terms inherited from Vulgar Latin
- French terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- French terms inherited from Latin
- French terms derived from Latin
- French 3-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio links
- French lemmas
- French verbs
- French transitive verbs
- French intransitive verbs
- fr:Law
- French reflexive verbs
- French terms with usage examples
- French verbs with conjugation tenir
- French third group verbs
- French irregular verbs
- fr:Memory
- Middle French terms inherited from Old French
- Middle French terms derived from Old French
- Middle French lemmas
- Middle French verbs
- Middle French third group verbs
- Middle French terms with quotations
- Old French terms inherited from Vulgar Latin
- Old French terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Old French terms inherited from Latin
- Old French terms derived from Latin
- Old French lemmas
- Old French verbs
- Old French verbs with stem alternations
- Old French verbs with strong-id preterite
- Old French third group verbs
- Old French verbs ending in -ir
- Old French irregular verbs