singulus
Latin
10 | ||||
I 1 |
2 → | 10 → | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Cardinal: ūnus Ordinal: prīmus Adverbial: semel Proportional: simplus Multiplier: simplex Distributive: singulus Collective: ūniō Fractional: integer |
Etymology
From Proto-Italic *senɣelos, from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“one”) + distributive particle *ǵʰe (compare Albanian gjithë).[1]
Pronunciation
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈsin.ɡu.lus/, [ˈs̠ɪŋɡʊɫ̪ʊs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈsin.ɡu.lus/, [ˈsiŋɡulus]
Numeral
singulus (feminine singula, neuter singulum); first/second-declension numeral
- (in the plural) one each, one apiece
- each one, every one
- c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.16:
- in singula diei tempora
- in every hour of the day
- in singula diei tempora
- c. 4 BCE – 65 CE, Seneca the Younger, De brevitate vitae 13:
- Persequi singulos longum est quorum aut latrunculi aut pila aut excoquendi in sole corporis cura consumpsere uitam.
- It would be tedious to mention all the different men who have spent the whole of their life over chess or ball or the practice of baking their bodies in the sun.
- Persequi singulos longum est quorum aut latrunculi aut pila aut excoquendi in sole corporis cura consumpsere uitam.
- c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.17:
- Caesar cum [...] singulas legiones appellaret
- when Caesar addressed every legion
- Caesar cum [...] singulas legiones appellaret
- one at a time, one by one
- separate, single
Usage notes
In Classical Latin, this adjective was used only in the plural,[2] functioning as the distributive form of the numeral 1. Thus, the English descendant single is somewhat of a false friend: Classical Latin used other words such as ūnus, singulāris, sōlus when a grammatically singular adjective with the sense of "lone", "sole", "single", "singular" was needed (although singulus can be found with this sense pre- and post-classically[2]).
Declension
First/second-declension adjective.
Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
Nominative | singulus | singula | singulum | singulī | singulae | singula | |
Genitive | singulī | singulae | singulī | singulōrum | singulārum | singulōrum | |
Dative | singulō | singulō | singulīs | ||||
Accusative | singulum | singulam | singulum | singulōs | singulās | singula | |
Ablative | singulō | singulā | singulō | singulīs | |||
Vocative | singule | singula | singulum | singulī | singulae | singula |
Derived terms
Descendants
From diminutive *singellus:
References
- ^ Michiel de Vaan, Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the Other Italic Languages (Leiden: Brill, 2009), 566.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 “singuli”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Further reading
- “singuli”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- singulus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- singuli in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- year by year; day by day: singulis annis, diebus
- from day to day: in dies (singulos)
- corn had gone up to 50 denarii the bushel: ad denarios L in singulos modios annona pervenerat
- year by year; day by day: singulis annis, diebus
- singuli in Dizionario Latino, Olivetti
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sem-
- Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Latin 3-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin lemmas
- Latin numerals
- la:Distributive numbers
- Latin first and second declension numerals
- Latin terms with quotations
- Latin words in Meissner and Auden's phrasebook