tona
English
Noun
tona (plural tonas)
- Alternative form of tonal (“animal companion”).
Anagrams
Basque
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Probably borrowed from Occitan tona.
Noun
tona inan
Declension
indefinite | singular | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
absolutive | tona | tona | tonak |
ergative | tonak | tonak | tonek |
dative | tonari | tonari | tonei |
genitive | tonaren | tonaren | tonen |
comitative | tonarekin | tonarekin | tonekin |
causative | tonarengatik | tonarengatik | tonengatik |
benefactive | tonarentzat | tonarentzat | tonentzat |
instrumental | tonaz | tonaz | tonez |
inessive | tonatan | tonan | tonetan |
locative | tonatako | tonako | tonetako |
allative | tonatara | tonara | tonetara |
terminative | tonataraino | tonaraino | tonetaraino |
directive | tonatarantz | tonarantz | tonetarantz |
destinative | tonatarako | tonarako | tonetarako |
ablative | tonatatik | tonatik | tonetatik |
partitive | tonarik | — | — |
prolative | tonatzat | — | — |
Derived terms
- tonaka (“in great quantities”)
Etymology 2
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun
tona inan
Declension
indefinite | singular | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
absolutive | tona | tona | tonak |
ergative | tonak | tonak | tonek |
dative | tonari | tonari | tonei |
genitive | tonaren | tonaren | tonen |
comitative | tonarekin | tonarekin | tonekin |
causative | tonarengatik | tonarengatik | tonengatik |
benefactive | tonarentzat | tonarentzat | tonentzat |
instrumental | tonaz | tonaz | tonez |
inessive | tonatan | tonan | tonetan |
locative | tonatako | tonako | tonetako |
allative | tonatara | tonara | tonetara |
terminative | tonataraino | tonaraino | tonetaraino |
directive | tonatarantz | tonarantz | tonetarantz |
destinative | tonatarako | tonarako | tonetarako |
ablative | tonatatik | tonatik | tonetatik |
partitive | tonarik | — | — |
prolative | tonatzat | — | — |
Derived terms
Further reading
- “tona”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy], Euskaltzaindia
- “tona”, in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], Euskaltzaindia, 1987–2005
Catalan
Etymology
Inherited from Late Latin tunna. Doublet of tonya. Cognate with Portuguese, Galician, and Spanish tonel.
Pronunciation
Noun
tona f (plural tones)
Derived terms
Further reading
- “tona” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “tona”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
- “tona” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “tona” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Central Huasteca Nahuatl
Verb
tona
- (intransitive) to be sunny
Classical Nahuatl
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
Verb
tona
- (intransitive) To shine; be sunny.
- (intransitive) To be warm.
Derived terms
References
- Brewer, Forrest, Jean G. Brewer (1962) Vocabulario mexicano de Telecingo, Morelos: castellano-mexicano, mexicano-castellano, México: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, pages 19, 50, 242
- Karttunen, Francis (1983) An Analytical Dictionary of Nahuatl, Austin: University of Texas Press, page 245
- Lockhart, James (2001) Nahuatl as Written: Lessons in Older Written Nahuatl, with Copious Examples and Texts, Stanford: Stanford University Press, page 240
- Wolgemuth, Carl et al. (2002) Diccionario náhuatl de los municipios de Mecayapan y Tatahuicapan de Juárez, Veracruz[3], 2nd electronic edition, Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, pages 194, 261
Finnish
Pronoun
tona
- (colloquial) essive singular of toi
Anagrams
Galician
Etymology
From Old Galician-Portuguese tona (attested since the 14th century in Galician texts). From a local Celtic substrate language,[1] from Proto-Celtic *tonnā or *tondā (“skin”); from Proto-Indo-European *tend-, from *temh₂- (“to cut”). Compare Portuguese tona and Old Irish tonn (“skin, surface”).
Pronunciation
Noun
tona f (plural tonas)
- film (solid or opaque layer on a liquid)
- 1746-1755, Martín Sarmiento, Catálogo de voces y frases de la lengua gallega:
- tona. Es la tez o nata que cría cualquiera líquido.
- "tona": it is the film or pellicule which is generated on any liquid
- rind (of a vegetable, of cheese)
- 1840, Antonio María de la Iglesia, Poesía, page 39:
- non ten pelo na cachola qu'é de tona de cabazo
- he has no hair in his head, which is made of rind of pumpkin
- bark
- surface or upper layer of the soil
Derived terms
References
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “tona”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “tona”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
- Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “tona”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “tona”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “tona”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
- ^ Grzega, Joachim (2001) Romania Gallica Cisalpina etymologisch-geolinguistische Studien zu den oberitalienisch-rätoromanischen Keltizismen[1], Tübingen: M. Niemeyer, →ISBN, retrieved 26 August 2015, page 242. – via De Gruyter.
Herero
Verb
tona
- to hit
Ibatan
Etymology
From Proto-Philippine *tuna, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuna, from Proto-Austronesian *tuNa.
Noun
tona
- A kind of freshwater eel.
Further reading
Indonesian
Etymology
From Dutch tonen, plural of toon, from Middle Dutch toon, ultimately from Latin tonus.
Pronunciation
Noun
tona (first-person possessive tonaku, second-person possessive tonamu, third-person possessive tonanya)
- (linguistics) tone: the pitch of a word that distinguishes a difference in meaning, for example in Chinese.
Alternative forms
Further reading
- “tona” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Italian
Verb
tona
- inflection of tonare:
Anagrams
Latin
Verb
tonā
References
- tona in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
Lithuanian
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun
tona f
Malagasy
Etymology
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuna, from Proto-Austronesian *tuNa.
Noun
tona
- A species of very large nocturnal serpent.
- Synonym: dona
- (figurative) An eel too large to be used as food because of its resemblance to a tona.
References
- tona in Malagasy dictionaries at malagasyword.org
Maori
Etymology
From Proto-Polynesian *jona (“yaws”) (compare with Hawaiian kona and konakona (“wart”), Tahitian tona (“wart, chancre”) and Tongan tona (“yaws”)).[1][2][3]
Noun
tona
Derived terms
References
- ^ Pukui, Mary Kawena, Elbert, Samuel H. (1986) “kona”, in Hawaiian Dictionary, revised & enlarged edition, Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai'i Press, →ISBN, page 165
- ^ Ross Clark and Simon J. Greenhill, editors (2011), “tona.1”, in POLLEX-Online: The Polynesian Lexicon Project Online
- ^ Ross, Malcolm D., Pawley, Andrew, Osmond, Meredith (2016) The lexicon of Proto-Oceanic, volumes 5: People, body and mind, Canberra: Australian National University, →ISBN, page 350
Further reading
- “tona” in John C. Moorfield, Te Aka: Maori–English, English–Maori Dictionary and Index, 3rd edition, Longman/Pearson Education New Zealand, 2011, →ISBN.
Occitan
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
Audio: (file)
Noun
tona f (plural tonas)
Old Galician-Portuguese
Etymology
Attested since the 14th century in Galician texts and since the 16th century in Portugal. From a local Celtic substrate language, from Proto-Celtic *tonnā (“skin”), from Proto-Indo-European *temh₂- (“to cut”).
Noun
tona f (plural tonas)
- film, rind, bark, peel
- c. 1390, J. Luis Pensado Tomé, editor, Miragres de Santiago, page 96:
- chantarõ suas lanças ante as tẽdas, et en outro dia manãa acharõnas estar frolidas et cõ tona
- they stuck their spears in front of their tents, and the next day in the morning they found them with bark and blooming
- c. 1409, Gerardo Pérez Barcala, editor, A tradución galega do "Liber de Medicina Equorum" de Jordanus Ruffus, page 172:
- Para esto val moito as favas esbrugadas, sen tona, e ben coitas con geullas novas de porco e poñanas tibias sobr[e]lo inchaço
- To this end it is very helpful to use skinned beans, without their peel, well cooked with fresh pork lard and they must put them lukewarm over the swelling
Descendants
References
- Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “tona”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “tona”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
Phuthi
Etymology 1
From Proto-Nguni [Term?].
Pronoun
toná
Etymology 2
From Proto-Nguni [Term?].
Pronoun
toná
Polish
Alternative forms
Etymology
Borrowed from French tonne.[1][2] First attested in the 19th century.[3]
Pronunciation
Noun
tona f (related adjective tonowy)
- (metrology) tonne, ton (one thousand kilograms)
- (colloquial, figurative) ton (large, excessive, or overwhelming amount of anything)
Declension
Trivia
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), tona is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 21 times in scientific texts, 56 times in news, 34 times in essays, 1 time in fiction, and 2 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 114 times, making it the 538th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[4]
References
- ^ Stanisław Dubisz, editor (2003), “tona”, in Uniwersalny słownik języka polskiego [Universal dictionary of the Polish language][2] (in Polish), volumes 1-4, Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN SA, →ISBN
- ^ Witold Doroszewski, editor (1958–1969), “tona”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), Warszawa: PWN
- ^ J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1919), “tonna”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 7, Warsaw, page 79
- ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “tona”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 2, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 604
Further reading
- tona in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- tona in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Serbo-Croatian
Pronunciation
Noun
tȍna f (Cyrillic spelling то̏на)
Declension
Slovak
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
Noun
tona f
Declension
Further reading
- “tona”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024
Slovene
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun
tona f
Swazi
Etymology 1
From Proto-Nguni [Term?].
Pronoun
toná
Etymology 2
From Proto-Nguni [Term?].
Pronoun
toná
Swedish
Pronunciation
Audio: (file)
Verb
tona (present tonar, preterite tonade, supine tonat, imperative tona)
- (usually with fram (“forth”)) to slowly emerge (from notion of slowly shifting in tone)
- En pizza tonade fram ur dimman
- A pizza emerged ("toned forth") from the fog
- to tone, to tint (give a different shade of color)
- tona håret
- tone one's hair
- to sound (in tones)
Conjugation
Active | Passive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | tona | tonas | ||
Supine | tonat | tonats | ||
Imperative | tona | — | ||
Imper. plural1 | tonen | — | ||
Present | Past | Present | Past | |
Indicative | tonar | tonade | tonas | tonades |
Ind. plural1 | tona | tonade | tonas | tonades |
Subjunctive2 | tone | tonade | tones | tonades |
Participles | ||||
Present participle | tonande | |||
Past participle | tonad | |||
1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs. |
Related terms
References
- tona in Svensk ordbok (SO)
- tona in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
- tona in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
Anagrams
Tahitian
Etymology
From Proto-Polynesian *jona (“yaws”) (compare with Hawaiian kona and konakona (“wart”), Maori tona (“wart, nodule”) and Tongan tona (“yaws”)).[1][2]
Noun
tona
References
- ^ Ross Clark and Simon J. Greenhill, editors (2011), “tona.1”, in POLLEX-Online: The Polynesian Lexicon Project Online
- ^ Ross, Malcolm D., Pawley, Andrew, Osmond, Meredith (2016) The lexicon of Proto-Oceanic, volumes 5: People, body and mind, Canberra: Australian National University, →ISBN, page 350
Further reading
- Yves Lemaître, Lexique du tahitien contemporain (Current Tahitian lexicon), 1995.
- “tona” in Dictionnaire en ligne Tahitien/Français (Online Tahitian–French Dictionary), by the Tahitian Academy.
Tokelauan
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Proto-Polynesian *te-o-na. Cognates include Hawaiian kona and Samoan lona.
Determiner
tona
See also
Definite inalienable (O-type) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular reference | plural reference | |||||||
sg | du | pl | sg | du | pl | |||
long | short | long | short | |||||
1st person (excl.) | toku, tota1 |
to māua | to mā | to mātou | oku, ota1 |
o māua | o mā | o mātou |
1st person (incl.) | ― | to tāua | to tā | to tātou | ― | o tāua | o tā | o tātou |
2nd person | tō | toulua | toutou | ō | oulua | outou | ||
3rd person | tona | to lāua | to lā | to lātou | ona | o lāua | o lā | o lātou |
Definite alienable (A-type) | ||||||||
singular reference | plural reference | |||||||
sg | du | pl | sg | du | pl | |||
long | short | long | short | |||||
1st person (excl.) | taku, tata1 |
ta māua | ta mā | ta mātou | aku, ata1 |
a māua | a mā | a mātou |
1st person (incl.) | ― | ta tāua | ta tā | ta tātou | ― | a tāua | a tā | a tātou |
2nd person | tau | taulua | tautou | au | aulua | autou | ||
3rd person | tana | ta lāua | ta lā | ta lātou | ana | a lāua | a lā | a lātou |
Indefinite inalienable (O-type) | ||||||||
singular reference | plural reference | |||||||
sg | du | pl | sg | du | pl | |||
long | short | long | short | |||||
1st person (excl.) | hoku, hota1 |
ho māua | ho mā | ho mātou | ni oku, ni ota1 |
ni o māua | ni o mā | ni o mātou |
1st person (incl.) | ― | ho tāua | ho tā | ho tātou | ― | ni o tāua | ni o tā | ni o tātou |
2nd person | hō | houlua | houtou | ni ō | ni oulua | ni outou | ||
3rd person | hona | ho lāua | ho lā | ho lātou | ni ona | ni o lāua | ni o lā | ni o lātou |
Indefinite alienable (A-type) | ||||||||
singular reference | plural reference | |||||||
sg | du | pl | sg | du | pl | |||
long | short | long | short | |||||
1st person (excl.) | haku, hata1 |
ha māua | ha mā | ha mātou | ni aku, ni ata1 |
ni a māua | ni a mā | ni a mātou |
1st person (incl.) | ― | ha tāua | ha tā | ha tātou | ― | ni a tāua | ni a tā | ni a tātou |
2nd person | hau | haulua | hautou | ni au | ni aulua | ni autou | ||
3rd person | hana | ha lāua | ha lā | ha lātou | ni ana | ni a lāua | ni a lā | ni a lātou |
1) Sympathetic |
Etymology 2
From Proto-Polynesian *tona-tona (“clitoris”). Cognates include Maori tonetone and Samoan tona.
Noun
tona
References
- R. Simona, editor (1986), Tokelau Dictionary[4], Auckland: Office of Tokelau Affairs, page 397
Tongan
Etymology
From Proto-Polynesian *jona (“yaws”) (compare with Hawaiian kona and konakona (“wart”), Tahitian tona (“wart, chancre”) and Maori tona (“wart, nodule”)).[1][2]
Noun
tona
References
- ^ Ross Clark and Simon J. Greenhill, editors (2011), “tona.1”, in POLLEX-Online: The Polynesian Lexicon Project Online
- ^ Ross, Malcolm D., Pawley, Andrew, Osmond, Meredith (2016) The lexicon of Proto-Oceanic, volumes 5: People, body and mind, Canberra: Australian National University, →ISBN, page 350
Tuvaluan
Noun
tona
Yami
Etymology
From Proto-Philippine *tuna, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuna, from Proto-Austronesian *tuNa.
Noun
tona
Further reading
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- Basque terms with IPA pronunciation
- Basque terms borrowed from Occitan
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- eu:Units of measure
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- tvl:Anatomy
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