vala
Fanagalo
Etymology
From Zulu -vala, from Proto-Bantu *-dùgada.
Verb
vala
Finnish
Etymology 1
From Proto-Finnic *vala, from Proto-Uralic *wala.[1] Related to Lule Sami vuolle, Erzya вал (val, “word”) and Nganasan бәлы (bəlɨ).
Pronunciation
Noun
vala
- oath
- 19th century, (Julius Krohn?), “Vala”, in "Sotilaspoika", editor, Suomen sotilaan lauluja, 4th edition, Porvoo: Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö, published 1933:
- Kuullos pyhä vala kallis Suomen maa;
Sinuun koskea ei väkivalta saa!
Sua suojelemme, verin varjelemme,
Ollos huoleton,
Poikas valveill’ on.- Hear now our sacred oath, dear Finland
Never shall violence touch thee!
We will defend thee, guard with our blood,
So be free of worry,
thy sons are awake.
- Hear now our sacred oath, dear Finland
Declension
Inflection of vala (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | vala | valat | |
genitive | valan | valojen | |
partitive | valaa | valoja | |
illative | valaan | valoihin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | vala | valat | |
accusative | nom. | vala | valat |
gen. | valan | ||
genitive | valan | valojen valain rare | |
partitive | valaa | valoja | |
inessive | valassa | valoissa | |
elative | valasta | valoista | |
illative | valaan | valoihin | |
adessive | valalla | valoilla | |
ablative | valalta | valoilta | |
allative | valalle | valoille | |
essive | valana | valoina | |
translative | valaksi | valoiksi | |
abessive | valatta | valoitta | |
instructive | — | valoin | |
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Derived terms
See also
References
Further reading
- “vala”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
Verb
vala
- inflection of valaa:
Anagrams
Galician
Verb
vala
- inflection of valar:
Hungarian
Pronunciation
Verb
vala
- Archaic third-person singular indicative past form of van (“to be”). For the full paradigm, see the usage template.
- Synonym: (modern form) volt
- 1844, Sándor Petőfi, János vitéz[3] (John the Valiant)[4] chapter 4, stanza 1, translated by John Ridland:[5]
- Mikorra a patak vize tükörré lett, / Melybe ezer csillag ragyogása nézett: / Jancsi Iluskáék kertje alatt vala; / Maga sem tudta, hogy mikép jutott oda.
- When the brook made a looking glass of its water, / In whose surface a thousand stars were a-glitter, / Johnny was standing at the foot of Nell's yard; / Though to tell how he'd come to it would have been hard. (literally: “… Johnny was at…”)
Conjugation
See also
Ingrian
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈʋɑlɑ/, [ˈʋɑɫɑ]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈʋɑlɑ/, [ˈʋɑɫɑ]
- Rhymes: -ɑlɑ
- Hyphenation: va‧la
Verb
vala
- inflection of vallaa:
References
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 636
Northern Kurdish
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -ɑː
Adjective
vala
Northern Ndebele
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-dùgada.
Verb
-vala
- (transitive) to close, to shut
- Antonym: -vula
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Norwegian Nynorsk
Noun
vala n pl
Phuthi
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-dùgada.
Verb
-vala
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Portuguese
Etymology
Pronunciation
Noun
vala f (plural valas)
References
- ^ “vala”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2024
- ^ “vala”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2024
Serbo-Croatian
Alternative forms
Etymology
Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish والله (vallâhi), from Arabic وَاللّٰه (wa-llāh).
Pronunciation
Adverb
vàlā (Cyrillic spelling ва̀ла̄)
Interjection
vàlā (Cyrillic spelling ва̀ла̄)
Swazi
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-dùgada.
Verb
-vala
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Tongan
Etymology
From Proto-Polynesian *lawa₃ (“loincloth, skirt”) (compare with Samoan lava-lava)[1] related to Proto-Polynesian *lawa₂ (compare with Maori whakarawa (“to fasten”), Hawaiian lawa (“to bind”), Tongan lalava (“to braid with a sinnet, to wrap”)) from Proto-Oceanic *lawaq₂ (“spider”) (compare with Fijian lawalawa (“cobweb”)) from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *lawaq (“spider”) (compare with Malay labah-labah and lelabah, Tagalog alalawa)[2] Doublet of lavalava and lalava.
Noun
vala
References
Venda
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-dùgada.
Verb
vala
Xhosa
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-dùgada.
Verb
-vala
- (transitive) to close, to shut
- Antonym: -vula
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Yami
Etymology
Compare Malay merah (“red”).
Noun
vala
- red
Zou
Etymology
From va (“bird”) + la (“feather”).
Noun
vala
References
- Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, page 66
Zulu
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu *-dùgada.
Verb
-vala
- (transitive) to close, to shut
- Antonym: -vula
Inflection
Tone L | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukuvala | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukuvala | ukungavali | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | vala | -vale | |||||||
Plural | valani | -valeni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyavala, ngivala | engivalayo, engivala | ngivala | angivali | engingavali | ngingavali | |||
2nd singular | uyavala, uvala | ovalayo, ovala | uvala | awuvali | ongavali | ungavali | |||
1st plural | siyavala, sivala | esivalayo, esivala | sivala | asivali | esingavali | singavali | |||
2nd plural | niyavala, nivala | enivalayo, enivala | nivala | anivali | eningavali | ningavali | |||
Class 1 | uyavala, uvala | ovalayo, ovala | evala | akavali | ongavali | engavali | |||
Class 2 | bayavala, bavala | abavalayo, abavala | bevala | abavali | abangavali | bengavali | |||
Class 3 | uyavala, uvala | ovalayo, ovala | uvala | awuvali | ongavali | ungavali | |||
Class 4 | iyavala, ivala | evalayo, evala | ivala | ayivali | engavali | ingavali | |||
Class 5 | liyavala, livala | elivalayo, elivala | livala | alivali | elingavali | lingavali | |||
Class 6 | ayavala, avala | avalayo, avala | evala | awavali | angavali | engavali | |||
Class 7 | siyavala, sivala | esivalayo, esivala | sivala | asivali | esingavali | singavali | |||
Class 8 | ziyavala, zivala | ezivalayo, ezivala | zivala | azivali | ezingavali | zingavali | |||
Class 9 | iyavala, ivala | evalayo, evala | ivala | ayivali | engavali | ingavali | |||
Class 10 | ziyavala, zivala | ezivalayo, ezivala | zivala | azivali | ezingavali | zingavali | |||
Class 11 | luyavala, luvala | oluvalayo, oluvala | luvala | aluvali | olungavali | lungavali | |||
Class 14 | buyavala, buvala | obuvalayo, obuvala | buvala | abuvali | obungavali | bungavali | |||
Class 15 | kuyavala, kuvala | okuvalayo, okuvala | kuvala | akuvali | okungavali | kungavali | |||
Class 17 | kuyavala, kuvala | okuvalayo, okuvala | kuvala | akuvali | okungavali | kungavali | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngivalile, ngivalē | engivalile, engivalē | ngivalile, ngivalē | angivalanga | engingavalanga | ngingavalanga | |||
2nd singular | uvalile, uvalē | ovalile, ovalē | uvalile, uvalē | awuvalanga | ongavalanga | ungavalanga | |||
1st plural | sivalile, sivalē | esivalile, esivalē | sivalile, sivalē | asivalanga | esingavalanga | singavalanga | |||
2nd plural | nivalile, nivalē | enivalile, enivalē | nivalile, nivalē | anivalanga | eningavalanga | ningavalanga | |||
Class 1 | uvalile, uvalē | ovalile, ovalē | evalile, evalē | akavalanga | ongavalanga | engavalanga | |||
Class 2 | bavalile, bavalē | abavalile, abavalē | bevalile, bevalē | abavalanga | abangavalanga | bengavalanga | |||
Class 3 | uvalile, uvalē | ovalile, ovalē | uvalile, uvalē | awuvalanga | ongavalanga | ungavalanga | |||
Class 4 | ivalile, ivalē | evalile, evalē | ivalile, ivalē | ayivalanga | engavalanga | ingavalanga | |||
Class 5 | livalile, livalē | elivalile, elivalē | livalile, livalē | alivalanga | elingavalanga | lingavalanga | |||
Class 6 | avalile, avalē | avalile, avalē | evalile, evalē | awavalanga | angavalanga | engavalanga | |||
Class 7 | sivalile, sivalē | esivalile, esivalē | sivalile, sivalē | asivalanga | esingavalanga | singavalanga | |||
Class 8 | zivalile, zivalē | ezivalile, ezivalē | zivalile, zivalē | azivalanga | ezingavalanga | zingavalanga | |||
Class 9 | ivalile, ivalē | evalile, evalē | ivalile, ivalē | ayivalanga | engavalanga | ingavalanga | |||
Class 10 | zivalile, zivalē | ezivalile, ezivalē | zivalile, zivalē | azivalanga | ezingavalanga | zingavalanga | |||
Class 11 | luvalile, luvalē | oluvalile, oluvalē | luvalile, luvalē | aluvalanga | olungavalanga | lungavalanga | |||
Class 14 | buvalile, buvalē | obuvalile, obuvalē | buvalile, buvalē | abuvalanga | obungavalanga | bungavalanga | |||
Class 15 | kuvalile, kuvalē | okuvalile, okuvalē | kuvalile, kuvalē | akuvalanga | okungavalanga | kungavalanga | |||
Class 17 | kuvalile, kuvalē | okuvalile, okuvalē | kuvalile, kuvalē | akuvalanga | okungavalanga | kungavalanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngāvala | engāvala | ngāvala | angivalanga | engingavalanga | ngingavalanga | |||
2nd singular | wāvala | owāvala | wāvala | awuvalanga | ongavalanga | ungavalanga | |||
1st plural | sāvala | esāvala | sāvala | asivalanga | esingavalanga | singavalanga | |||
2nd plural | nāvala | enāvala | nāvala | anivalanga | eningavalanga | ningavalanga | |||
Class 1 | wāvala | owāvala | āvala | akavalanga | ongavalanga | engavalanga | |||
Class 2 | bāvala | abāvala | bāvala | abavalanga | abangavalanga | bengavalanga | |||
Class 3 | wāvala | owāvala | wāvala | awuvalanga | ongavalanga | ungavalanga | |||
Class 4 | yāvala | eyāvala | yāvala | ayivalanga | engavalanga | ingavalanga | |||
Class 5 | lāvala | elāvala | lāvala | alivalanga | elingavalanga | lingavalanga | |||
Class 6 | āvala | āvala | āvala | awavalanga | angavalanga | engavalanga | |||
Class 7 | sāvala | esāvala | sāvala | asivalanga | esingavalanga | singavalanga | |||
Class 8 | zāvala | ezāvala | zāvala | azivalanga | ezingavalanga | zingavalanga | |||
Class 9 | yāvala | eyāvala | yāvala | ayivalanga | engavalanga | ingavalanga | |||
Class 10 | zāvala | ezāvala | zāvala | azivalanga | ezingavalanga | zingavalanga | |||
Class 11 | lwāvala | olwāvala | lwāvala | aluvalanga | olungavalanga | lungavalanga | |||
Class 14 | bāvala | obāvala | bāvala | abuvalanga | obungavalanga | bungavalanga | |||
Class 15 | kwāvala | okwāvala | kwāvala | akuvalanga | okungavalanga | kungavalanga | |||
Class 17 | kwāvala | okwāvala | kwāvala | akuvalanga | okungavalanga | kungavalanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingavala | — | ngingavala | ngingevale | — | ngingevale | |||
2nd singular | ungavala | — | ungavala | ungevale | — | ungevale | |||
1st plural | singavala | — | singavala | singevale | — | singevale | |||
2nd plural | ningavala | — | ningavala | ningevale | — | ningevale | |||
Class 1 | angavala | — | engavala | angevale | — | engevale | |||
Class 2 | bangavala | — | bengavala | bangevale | — | bengevale | |||
Class 3 | ungavala | — | ungavala | ungevale | — | ungevale | |||
Class 4 | ingavala | — | ingavala | ingevale | — | ingevale | |||
Class 5 | lingavala | — | lingavala | lingevale | — | lingevale | |||
Class 6 | angavala | — | engavala | angevale | — | engevale | |||
Class 7 | singavala | — | singavala | singevale | — | singevale | |||
Class 8 | zingavala | — | zingavala | zingevale | — | zingevale | |||
Class 9 | ingavala | — | ingavala | ingevale | — | ingevale | |||
Class 10 | zingavala | — | zingavala | zingevale | — | zingevale | |||
Class 11 | lungavala | — | lungavala | lungevale | — | lungevale | |||
Class 14 | bungavala | — | bungavala | bungevale | — | bungevale | |||
Class 15 | kungavala | — | kungavala | kungevale | — | kungevale | |||
Class 17 | kungavala | — | kungavala | kungevale | — | kungevale | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizovala | engizovala | ngizovala | angizuvala | engingezuvala | ngingezuvala | |||
2nd singular | uzovala | ozovala | uzovala | awuzuvala | ongezuvala | ungezuvala | |||
1st plural | sizovala | esizovala | sizovala | asizuvala | esingezuvala | singezuvala | |||
2nd plural | nizovala | enizovala | nizovala | anizuvala | eningezuvala | ningezuvala | |||
Class 1 | uzovala | ozovala | ezovala | akazuvala | ongezuvala | engezuvala | |||
Class 2 | bazovala | abazovala | bezovala | abazuvala | abangezuvala | bengezuvala | |||
Class 3 | uzovala | ozovala | uzovala | awuzuvala | ongezuvala | ungezuvala | |||
Class 4 | izovala | ezovala | izovala | ayizuvala | engezuvala | ingezuvala | |||
Class 5 | lizovala | elizovala | lizovala | alizuvala | elingezuvala | lingezuvala | |||
Class 6 | azovala | azovala | ezovala | awazuvala | angezuvala | engezuvala | |||
Class 7 | sizovala | esizovala | sizovala | asizuvala | esingezuvala | singezuvala | |||
Class 8 | zizovala | ezizovala | zizovala | azizuvala | ezingezuvala | zingezuvala | |||
Class 9 | izovala | ezovala | izovala | ayizuvala | engezuvala | ingezuvala | |||
Class 10 | zizovala | ezizovala | zizovala | azizuvala | ezingezuvala | zingezuvala | |||
Class 11 | luzovala | oluzovala | luzovala | aluzuvala | olungezuvala | lungezuvala | |||
Class 14 | buzovala | obuzovala | buzovala | abuzuvala | obungezuvala | bungezuvala | |||
Class 15 | kuzovala | okuzovala | kuzovala | akuzuvala | okungezuvala | kungezuvala | |||
Class 17 | kuzovala | okuzovala | kuzovala | akuzuvala | okungezuvala | kungezuvala | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyovala | engiyovala | ngiyovala | angiyuvala | engingeyuvala | ngingeyuvala | |||
2nd singular | uyovala | oyovala | uyovala | awuyuvala | ongeyuvala | ungeyuvala | |||
1st plural | siyovala | esiyovala | siyovala | asiyuvala | esingeyuvala | singeyuvala | |||
2nd plural | niyovala | eniyovala | niyovala | aniyuvala | eningeyuvala | ningeyuvala | |||
Class 1 | uyovala | oyovala | eyovala | akayuvala | ongeyuvala | engeyuvala | |||
Class 2 | bayovala | abayovala | beyovala | abayuvala | abangeyuvala | bengeyuvala | |||
Class 3 | uyovala | oyovala | uyovala | awuyuvala | ongeyuvala | ungeyuvala | |||
Class 4 | iyovala | eyovala | iyovala | ayiyuvala | engeyuvala | ingeyuvala | |||
Class 5 | liyovala | eliyovala | liyovala | aliyuvala | elingeyuvala | lingeyuvala | |||
Class 6 | ayovala | ayovala | eyovala | awayuvala | angeyuvala | engeyuvala | |||
Class 7 | siyovala | esiyovala | siyovala | asiyuvala | esingeyuvala | singeyuvala | |||
Class 8 | ziyovala | eziyovala | ziyovala | aziyuvala | ezingeyuvala | zingeyuvala | |||
Class 9 | iyovala | eyovala | iyovala | ayiyuvala | engeyuvala | ingeyuvala | |||
Class 10 | ziyovala | eziyovala | ziyovala | aziyuvala | ezingeyuvala | zingeyuvala | |||
Class 11 | luyovala | oluyovala | luyovala | aluyuvala | olungeyuvala | lungeyuvala | |||
Class 14 | buyovala | obuyovala | buyovala | abuyuvala | obungeyuvala | bungeyuvala | |||
Class 15 | kuyovala | okuyovala | kuyovala | akuyuvala | okungeyuvala | kungeyuvala | |||
Class 17 | kuyovala | okuyovala | kuyovala | akuyuvala | okungeyuvala | kungeyuvala | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngivale | ngingavali | |||||||
2nd singular | uvale | ungavali | |||||||
1st plural | sivale | singavali | |||||||
2nd plural | nivale | ningavali | |||||||
Class 1 | avale | angavali | |||||||
Class 2 | bavale | bangavali | |||||||
Class 3 | uvale | ungavali | |||||||
Class 4 | ivale | ingavali | |||||||
Class 5 | livale | lingavali | |||||||
Class 6 | avale | angavali | |||||||
Class 7 | sivale | singavali | |||||||
Class 8 | zivale | zingavali | |||||||
Class 9 | ivale | ingavali | |||||||
Class 10 | zivale | zingavali | |||||||
Class 11 | luvale | lungavali | |||||||
Class 14 | buvale | bungavali | |||||||
Class 15 | kuvale | kungavali | |||||||
Class 17 | kuvale | kungavali | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngavala | ngangavala, angavala, angangavala | |||||||
2nd singular | wavala | wangavala, awavala, awangavala | |||||||
1st plural | savala | sangavala, asavala, asangavala | |||||||
2nd plural | navala | nangavala, anavala, anangavala | |||||||
Class 1 | wavala | wangavala, akavala, akangavala | |||||||
Class 2 | bavala | bangavala, abavala, abangavala | |||||||
Class 3 | wavala | wangavala, awavala, awangavala | |||||||
Class 4 | yavala | yangavala, ayavala, ayangavala | |||||||
Class 5 | lavala | langavala, alavala, alangavala | |||||||
Class 6 | avala | angavala, awavala, awangavala | |||||||
Class 7 | savala | sangavala, asavala, asangavala | |||||||
Class 8 | zavala | zangavala, azavala, azangavala | |||||||
Class 9 | yavala | yangavala, ayavala, ayangavala | |||||||
Class 10 | zavala | zangavala, azavala, azangavala | |||||||
Class 11 | lwavala | lwangavala, alwavala, alwangavala | |||||||
Class 14 | bavala | bangavala, abavala, abangavala | |||||||
Class 15 | kwavala | kwangavala, akwavala, akwangavala | |||||||
Class 17 | kwavala | kwangavala, akwavala, akwangavala |
References
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “vala”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “vala (6.3)”
- Fanagalo terms inherited from Zulu
- Fanagalo terms derived from Zulu
- Fanagalo terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Fanagalo terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Fanagalo lemmas
- Fanagalo verbs
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Finnish 2-syllable words
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Finnish/ɑlɑ
- Rhymes:Finnish/ɑlɑ/2 syllables
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish nouns
- Finnish terms with quotations
- Finnish kala-type nominals
- Finnish non-lemma forms
- Finnish verb forms
- Galician non-lemma forms
- Galician verb forms
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hungarian non-lemma forms
- Hungarian verb forms
- Hungarian archaic forms
- Hungarian terms with quotations
- Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ɑlɑ
- Rhymes:Ingrian/ɑlɑ/2 syllables
- Ingrian non-lemma forms
- Ingrian verb forms
- Rhymes:Northern Kurdish/ɑː
- Rhymes:Northern Kurdish/ɑː/2 syllables
- Northern Kurdish lemmas
- Northern Kurdish adjectives
- Northern Ndebele terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Northern Ndebele terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Northern Ndebele lemmas
- Northern Ndebele verbs
- Northern Ndebele transitive verbs
- Norwegian Nynorsk non-lemma forms
- Norwegian Nynorsk noun forms
- Phuthi terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Phuthi terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Phuthi lemmas
- Phuthi verbs
- Portuguese terms inherited from Latin
- Portuguese terms derived from Latin
- Portuguese 2-syllable words
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Portuguese/alɐ
- Rhymes:Portuguese/alɐ/2 syllables
- Portuguese terms with homophones
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese nouns
- Portuguese countable nouns
- Portuguese feminine nouns
- Serbo-Croatian terms borrowed from Ottoman Turkish
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Ottoman Turkish
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Arabic
- Serbo-Croatian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian adverbs
- Regional Serbo-Croatian
- Bosnian Serbo-Croatian
- Serbo-Croatian interjections
- Swazi terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Swazi terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Swazi lemmas
- Swazi verbs
- Tongan terms inherited from Proto-Polynesian
- Tongan terms derived from Proto-Polynesian
- Tongan terms inherited from Proto-Oceanic
- Tongan terms derived from Proto-Oceanic
- Tongan terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Tongan terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Tongan doublets
- Tongan lemmas
- Tongan nouns
- Venda terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Venda terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Venda lemmas
- Venda verbs
- Xhosa terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Xhosa terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Xhosa lemmas
- Xhosa verbs
- Xhosa transitive verbs
- Yami lemmas
- Yami nouns
- Zou compound terms
- Zou lemmas
- Zou nouns
- zom:Fowls
- Zulu terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Zulu terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Zulu lemmas
- Zulu verbs
- Zulu transitive verbs
- Zulu verbs with tone L