viljellä
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Finnish
Etymology
Pronunciation
Verb
viljellä (transitive)
- to cultivate, farm, till (land)
- to raise, grow (plants)
- to culture (e.g. bacteria, as in a biological experiment)
- (figurative, usually atelic) to use liberally or generously (potentially in excess, such as humor or a word)
Conjugation
Inflection of viljellä (Kotus type 67/tulla, no gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
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indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | viljelen | en viljele | 1st sing. | olen viljellyt | en ole viljellyt | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | viljelet | et viljele | 2nd sing. | olet viljellyt | et ole viljellyt | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | viljelee | ei viljele | 3rd sing. | on viljellyt | ei ole viljellyt | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | viljelemme | emme viljele | 1st plur. | olemme viljelleet | emme ole viljelleet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | viljelette | ette viljele | 2nd plur. | olette viljelleet | ette ole viljelleet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | viljelevät | eivät viljele | 3rd plur. | ovat viljelleet | eivät ole viljelleet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | viljellään | ei viljellä | passive | on viljelty | ei ole viljelty | ||||||||||||||||
past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | viljelin | en viljellyt | 1st sing. | olin viljellyt | en ollut viljellyt | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | viljelit | et viljellyt | 2nd sing. | olit viljellyt | et ollut viljellyt | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | viljeli | ei viljellyt | 3rd sing. | oli viljellyt | ei ollut viljellyt | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | viljelimme | emme viljelleet | 1st plur. | olimme viljelleet | emme olleet viljelleet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | viljelitte | ette viljelleet | 2nd plur. | olitte viljelleet | ette olleet viljelleet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | viljelivät | eivät viljelleet | 3rd plur. | olivat viljelleet | eivät olleet viljelleet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | viljeltiin | ei viljelty | passive | oli viljelty | ei ollut viljelty | ||||||||||||||||
conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | viljelisin | en viljelisi | 1st sing. | olisin viljellyt | en olisi viljellyt | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | viljelisit | et viljelisi | 2nd sing. | olisit viljellyt | et olisi viljellyt | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | viljelisi | ei viljelisi | 3rd sing. | olisi viljellyt | ei olisi viljellyt | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | viljelisimme | emme viljelisi | 1st plur. | olisimme viljelleet | emme olisi viljelleet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | viljelisitte | ette viljelisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte viljelleet | ette olisi viljelleet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | viljelisivät | eivät viljelisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat viljelleet | eivät olisi viljelleet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | viljeltäisiin | ei viljeltäisi | passive | olisi viljelty | ei olisi viljelty | ||||||||||||||||
imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | viljele | älä viljele | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | viljelköön | älköön viljelkö | 3rd sing. | olkoon viljellyt | älköön olko viljellyt | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | viljelkäämme | älkäämme viljelkö | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | viljelkää | älkää viljelkö | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | viljelkööt | älkööt viljelkö | 3rd plur. | olkoot viljelleet | älkööt olko viljelleet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | viljeltäköön | älköön viljeltäkö | passive | olkoon viljelty | älköön olko viljelty | ||||||||||||||||
potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | viljellen | en viljelle | 1st sing. | lienen viljellyt | en liene viljellyt | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | viljellet | et viljelle | 2nd sing. | lienet viljellyt | et liene viljellyt | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | viljellee | ei viljelle | 3rd sing. | lienee viljellyt | ei liene viljellyt | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | viljellemme | emme viljelle | 1st plur. | lienemme viljelleet | emme liene viljelleet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | viljellette | ette viljelle | 2nd plur. | lienette viljelleet | ette liene viljelleet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | viljellevät | eivät viljelle | 3rd plur. | lienevät viljelleet | eivät liene viljelleet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | viljeltäneen | ei viljeltäne | passive | lienee viljelty | ei liene viljelty | ||||||||||||||||
Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
1st | viljellä | present | viljelevä | viljeltävä | |||||||||||||||||
long 1st1 |
|
past | viljellyt | viljelty | |||||||||||||||||
2nd | inessive2 | viljellessä | viljeltäessä | agent4 | viljelemä | ||||||||||||||||
|
negative | viljelemätön | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | viljellen | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix. 2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). | ||||||||||||||||||
3rd | inessive | viljelemässä | — | ||||||||||||||||||
elative | viljelemästä | — | |||||||||||||||||||
illative | viljelemään | — | |||||||||||||||||||
adessive | viljelemällä | — | |||||||||||||||||||
abessive | viljelemättä | — | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | viljelemän | viljeltämän | |||||||||||||||||||
4th3 | verbal noun | viljeleminen | |||||||||||||||||||
5th1 |
|
Derived terms
adjectives
nouns
Further reading
- “viljellä”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-01
Ingrian
Etymology
From viljä (“grain”) + -ellä. Akin to Finnish viljellä.
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈʋiljelːæ/, [ˈʋilʲːe̞lʲː]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈʋiljelːæ/, [ˈʋilʲje̞lːæ]
- Rhymes: -iljelː, -iljelːæ
- Hyphenation: vil‧jel‧lä
Verb
viljellä
- (transitive) to cultivate
- 1936, L. G. Terehova, V. G. Erdeli, translated by P. I. Maksimov and N. A. Iljin, Geografia: oppikirja iƶoroin alkușkoulun neljättä klaassaa vart (toine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 103:
- Svaanat ahkerast viljelööt ommia peenijä peltoja.
- The Svans cultivate their own small fields diligently.
Conjugation
Conjugation of viljellä (type 12/kuulla, no gradation) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indikativa | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | viljelen | en viljele | 1st singular | oon viljelt, oon viljellyt | en oo viljelt, en oo viljellyt |
2nd singular | viljelet | et viljele | 2nd singular | oot viljelt, oot viljellyt | et oo viljelt, et oo viljellyt |
3rd singular | viljelöö | ei viljele | 3rd singular | ono viljelt, ono viljellyt | ei oo viljelt, ei oo viljellyt |
1st plural | viljelemmä | emmä viljele | 1st plural | oomma viljelleet | emmä oo viljelleet |
2nd plural | viljelettä | että viljele | 2nd plural | ootta viljelleet | että oo viljelleet |
3rd plural | viljelööt1), viljelevät2), viljellää | evät viljele, ei viljellä | 3rd plural | ovat viljelleet | evät oo viljelleet, ei oo viljelty |
impersonal | viljellää | ei viljellä | impersonal | ono viljelty | ei oo viljelty |
Imperfekta | Pluskvamperfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | viljelin | en viljelt, en viljellyt | 1st singular | olin viljelt, olin viljellyt | en olt viljelt, en olt viljellyt |
2nd singular | viljelit | et viljelt, et viljellyt | 2nd singular | olit viljelt, olit viljellyt | et olt viljelt, et olt viljellyt |
3rd singular | viljeli | ei viljelt, ei viljellyt | 3rd singular | oli viljelt, oli viljellyt | ei olt viljelt, ei olt viljellyt |
1st plural | viljelimmä | emmä viljelleet | 1st plural | olimma viljelleet | emmä olleet viljelleet |
2nd plural | viljelittä | että viljelleet | 2nd plural | olitta viljelleet | että olleet viljelleet |
3rd plural | viljeliit1), viljelivät2), viljeltii | evät viljelleet, ei viljelty | 3rd plural | olivat viljelleet | evät olleet viljelleet, ei olt viljelty |
impersonal | viljeltii | ei viljelty | impersonal | oli viljelty | ei olt viljelty |
Konditsionala | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | viljelisin | en viljelis | 1st singular | olisin viljelt, olisin viljellyt | en olis viljelt, en olis viljellyt |
2nd singular | viljelisit, viljeliist1) | et viljelis | 2nd singular | olisit viljelt, olisit viljellyt | et olis viljelt, et olis viljellyt |
3rd singular | viljelis | ei viljelis | 3rd singular | olis viljelt, olis viljellyt | ei olis viljelt, ei olis viljellyt |
1st plural | viljelisimmä | emmä viljelis | 1st plural | olisimma viljelleet | emmä olis viljelleet |
2nd plural | viljelisittä | että viljelis | 2nd plural | olisitta viljelleet | että olis viljelleet |
3rd plural | viljelisiit1), viljelisivät2), viljeltäis | evät viljelis, ei viljeltäis | 3rd plural | olisivat viljelleet | evät olis viljelleet, ei olis viljelty |
impersonal | viljeltäis | ei viljeltäis | impersonal | olis viljelty | ei olis viljelty |
Imperativa | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | — | — | 1st singular | — | — |
2nd singular | viljele | elä viljele | 2nd singular | oo viljelt, oo viljellyt | elä oo viljelt, elä oo viljellyt |
3rd singular | viljelköö | elköö viljelkö | 3rd singular | olkoo viljelt, olkoo viljellyt | elköö olko viljelt, elköö olko viljellyt |
1st plural | — | — | 1st plural | — | — |
2nd plural | viljelkää | elkää viljelkö | 2nd plural | olkaa viljelleet | elkää olko viljelleet |
3rd plural | viljelkööt | elkööt viljelkö, elköö viljeltäkö | 3rd plural | olkoot viljelleet | elkööt olko viljelleet, elköö olko viljelty |
impersonal | viljeltäkköö | elköö viljeltäkö | impersonal | olkoo viljelty | elköö olko viljelty |
Potentsiala | |||||
Preesens | |||||
positive | negative | ||||
1st singular | viljellen | en viljelle | |||
2nd singular | viljellet | et viljelle | |||
3rd singular | viljellöö | ei viljelle | |||
1st plural | viljellemmä | emmä viljelle | |||
2nd plural | viljellettä | että viljelle | |||
3rd plural | viljellööt | evät viljelle, ei viljeltäne | |||
impersonal | viljeltännöö | ei viljeltäne | |||
Nominal forms | |||||
Infinitivat | Partisipat | ||||
active | passive | ||||
1st | viljellä | present | viljelevä | viljeltävä | |
2nd | inessive | viljellees | past | viljelt, viljellyt | viljelty |
instructive | viljellen | 1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. 2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. *) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (viljelkää) may be used for the 3rd person as well. **) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative ***) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) or -kse to either the indicative or the potential ****) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition. | |||
3rd | illative | viljelömmää | |||
inessive | viljelömäs | ||||
elative | viljelömäst | ||||
abessive | viljelömätä | ||||
4th | nominative | viljelömiin | |||
partitive | viljelömistä, viljelömist |
Categories:
- Finnish terms suffixed with -ella
- Finnish 3-syllable words
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Finnish/iljelːæ
- Rhymes:Finnish/iljelːæ/3 syllables
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish verbs
- Finnish transitive verbs
- Finnish tulla-type verbs
- Ingrian terms suffixed with -ella
- Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Ingrian/iljelː
- Rhymes:Ingrian/iljelː/3 syllables
- Rhymes:Ingrian/iljelːæ
- Rhymes:Ingrian/iljelːæ/3 syllables
- Ingrian lemmas
- Ingrian verbs
- Ingrian transitive verbs
- Ingrian terms with quotations
- izh:Agriculture