1605 Keichō earthquake

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1605 Keichō earthquake - Wikipedia

Coordinates: 33°30′N 138°30′E / 33.5°N 138.5°E

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(Redirected from 1605 Keichō Nankaidō earthquake)

1605 Keichō earthquake

Local date	3 February 1605 (1605-02-03)
Local time	20:00
Magnitude	7.9 M_s
Epicenter	33°30′N 138°30′E / 33.5°N 138.5°E / 33.5; 138.5^[1]
Fault	Nankai megathrust
Areas affected	Japan: Chūbu region, Kansai region, Shikoku, Kyushu
Tsunami	Yes
Casualties	Thousands

The 1605 Keichō earthquake (Japanese: 慶長地震) occurred at about 20:00 local time on 3 February. It had an estimated magnitude of 7.9 on the surface-wave magnitude scale and triggered a devastating tsunami that resulted in thousands of deaths in the Nankai and Tōkai regions of Japan. It is uncertain whether there were two separate earthquakes separated by a short time interval or a single event. It is referred to as a tsunami earthquake, in that the size of the tsunami greatly exceeds that expected from the magnitude of the earthquake.^[2]

Background

The southern coast of Honshu runs parallel to the Nankai Trough, which marks the subduction of the Philippine Sea plate beneath the Eurasian plate. Movement on this convergent plate boundary leads to many earthquakes, some of them of megathrust type. The Nankai megathrust has five distinct segments (A-E) that can rupture independently,^[2]^[3] the segments have ruptured either singly or together repeatedly over the last 1,300 years.^[4] Megathrust earthquakes on this structure tend to occur in pairs, with a relatively short time gap between them although in the 1707 Hōei earthquake all segments are thought to have ruptured at once.^[5] In 1854 there were two earthquakes a day apart and there were similar earthquakes in 1944 and 1946. In each case, the northeastern segment ruptured before the southwestern segment.^[6] In the 1605 event, there is evidence for two distinct earthquakes,^[7] but they are not distinguished by all historical sources and some seismologists suggest that only the Nankai segment of the megathrust ruptured.^[4]

Earthquake

There are very few reports of shaking associated with this earthquake, with most historical records only mentioning the tsunami. This has led seismologists to interpret this as a 'tsunami earthquake',^[2] probably involving a slow rupture velocity causing little observed shaking while generating a large tsunami.^[8]

Tsunami

The records of this tsunami are quite sparse but the maximum wave heights are larger than those recorded for either the 1707 Hōei or 1854 Ansei Nankai tsunamis in areas on the south coast of Shikoku where they can be compared.^[9] The regional extent of this tsunami is supported by the discovery of tsunami deposits on the northeastern part of the Kii Peninsula and at Lake Hamana correlated to this event.^[10]^[11] Victims of the tsunami were also reported from Kyushu.^[12]

Damage

There is no reported damage associated with the earthquake itself. At least 700 houses were washed away at Hiro^[13] in present-day Wakayama prefecture and 80 at Arai in what is now Shizuoka prefecture. Castles were reported destroyed or damaged at Tahara on the Atsumi Peninsula; the main keep of Kakegawa Castle was also destroyed.^[14] The total number of casualties is uncertain as records are incomplete and contradictory,^[9] but estimates are in the order of thousands.^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b IISEE. "IISEE Catalogue Search parameters page". Catalog of Damaging Earthquakes in the World. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
^ ^a ^b ^c Ishibashi, K. (2004). "Status of historical seismology in Japan" (PDF). Annals of Geophysics. 47 (2/3): 339–368.
^ Ando, M. (1975). "Source mechanisms and tectonic significance of historical earthquakes along the nankai trough, Japan". Tectonophysics. 27 (2): 119–140. Bibcode:1975Tectp..27..119A. doi:10.1016/0040-1951(75)90102-X.
^ ^a ^b Sieh, K.E. (1981). A Review of Geological Evidence for Recurrence Times of Large Earthquakes (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 June 2010. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
^ Tsuji, Y.; Namegaya Y. (2007). "The 1707 Hoei Earthquake, as an Example of a combined Gigantic Tokai-Nankai Earthquake" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 June 2011.
^ Kaneda, Y.; Kawaguchi, K.; Araki, E.; Matsumoto, H.; Nakamura, T.; Kamiya, S.; Hori, T.; Baba, T. (2007). "Precise real-time observatory and simulating phenomena of earthquakes and tsunamis around the Nankai Trough – Towards the understanding of mega thrust earthquakes". 2007 Symposium on Underwater Technology and Workshop on Scientific Use of Submarine Cables and Related Technologies. pp. 299–300. doi:10.1109/UT.2007.370806. ISBN 978-1-4244-1207-5. S2CID 45347574.
^ NGDC. "Significant Earthquake Search for Japan 1605". Retrieved 16 July 2011.
^ Kanamori, H. (1972). "Mechanism of tsunami earthquakes" (PDF). Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 6 (5): 346–359. Bibcode:1972PEPI....6..346K. doi:10.1016/0031-9201(72)90058-1.
^ ^a ^b Murakami, H.; Itoh, S.; Hiraiwa, Y.; Shimada, T. (1995). "Re-examination of historical tsunamis in Shikoku Island, Japan". In Tsuchiya Y.; Shutō N. (eds.). Tsunami: progress in prediction, disaster prevention, and warning. Advances in natural and technological hazards research. Vol. 4. Springer. pp. 199–207. ISBN 978-0-7923-3483-5.
^ Hisayo, O.; Shusaku Y.; Muneki M.; Masayuki H.; Takashi U.; Mieko U. & Tsuyoshi H. (2001). "Tsunami Deposits of Tokai Earthquakes Preserved in a Coastal Marsh Sequence at Osatsu, Toba, Central Japan, and Their Magnetochronological Dates". Quaternary Research (in Japanese). 40 (3). Japan Association for Quaternary Research: 193–202. doi:10.4116/jaqua.40.193. ISSN 0418-2642.
^ NGDC. "Tsunami deposits". Retrieved 16 July 2011.
^ NGDC. "Tsunami Runup Location Effects". Retrieved 16 July 2011.
^ NGDC. "Comments for the tsunami event". Retrieved 16 July 2011.
^ NGDC. "Comments for the tsunami event". Retrieved 16 July 2011.

v t e Nankai Trough megathrust earthquakes
Notable Nankai Trough megathrust quakes	1361 Shōhei earthquake 1498 Meiō earthquake 1605 Keichō earthquake 1707 Hōei earthquake 1854 Tōkai earthquake 1854 Nankai earthquake 1944 Tōnankai earthquake 1946 Nankai earthquake
Plate tectonics	Nankai Trough Amurian microplate Philippine Sea Plate megathrust earthquake Nankai megathrust earthquakes Tsunami

v t e Earthquakes in Japan
Historical	679 Tsukushi 684 Hakuho 869 Jōgan 1026 Manju 1293 Kamakura 1361 Shōhei 1498 Meiō 1586 Tenshō 1596 Fushimi 1605 Keichō 1611 Aizu 1611 Sanriku 1662 Kanbun 1662 Hyūga-nada 1677 Bōsō 1703 Genroku 1707 Hōei 1741 Kampo 1751 Takada 1771 Great Yaeyama 1792 Unzen 1804 Kisakata 1828 Sanjō 1833 Shōnai 1847 Zenkoji 1854 Iga–Ueno 1854 Nankai 1854 Tōkai 1855 Edo 1858 Hietsu 1872 Hamada 1889 Kumamoto 1891 Mino–Owari 1894 Tokyo 1894 Shōnai 1896 Sanriku 1896 Rikuu
20th century	1909 Anegawa 1911 Kikai Island 1914 Senboku 1922 Shimabara 1923 Great Kantō 1925 North Tajima 1927 North Tango 1930 North Izu 1933 Sanriku 1936 Miyagi 1939 Oga 1940 Shakotan 1941 Hyūga-nada 1943 Tottori 1944 Tōnankai 1945 Mikawa 1946 Nankai 1948 Fukui 1952 Tokachi 1961 North Mino 1963 Kuril Islands 1964 Niigata 1968 Ebino 1968 Hyūga-nada 1968 Tokachi 1973 Nemuro Peninsula 1974 Izu Peninsula 1978 Izu Ōshima 1978 Miyagi 1982 Urakawa 1983 Sea of Japan 1984 Nagano 1993 Kushiro 1993 Okushiri 1994 offshore Sanriku 1995 Hanshin 2000 Izu Islands 2000 Tottori
21st century	2001 Geiyo 2003 Miyagi 2003 Tokachi 2004 Chūetsu 2005 Fukuoka 2005 Miyagi 2006 Kuril Islands 2007 Chūetsu 2007 Kuril Islands 2007 Noto 2008 Iwate–Miyagi 2008 Iwate 2009 Shizuoka 2011 Tōhoku 2011 Nagano 2011 Shizuoka 2011 Miyagi 2011 Fukushima 2012 Chiba 2012 Sanriku 2014 Nagano 2015 Ogasawara 2016 Kumamoto 2016 Tottori 2016 Fukushima 2018 Osaka 2018 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi 2019 Yamagata 2021 Fukushima 2021 Miyagi 2021 Chiba 2022 Fukushima 2023 Noto 2024 Noto 2024 Hyūga-nada
Related articles	Nankai megathrust earthquakes Tōkai earthquakes Tōnankai earthquakes Nankai earthquakes South Kantō earthquakes Matsushiro earthquake swarm

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