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Overview of the events of 1809 in music
- Ludwig van Beethoven
- Piano Concerto No.5, Op. 73 ("Emperor")
- "Harp" Quartet in E-flat Major, Op. 74
- 6 Songs, Op. 75
- Six variations on an original theme (the Turkish March from The Ruins of Athens) in D major, Op. 76
- Fantasia for Piano in G minor, Op. 77
- Piano Sonata No. 24 in F-sharp major, Op. 78
- Piano Sonata No. 25 in G major, Op. 79
- Four Ariettas and a Duet, Op. 82
- Egmont, Op .84 (incidental music for the play by Goethe)
- Die laute Klage, WoO 135 (or 1815)
- Lied aus der Ferne, WoO 137
- Der Jüngling in der Fremde, WoO 138
- Der Liebende, WoO 139
- François-Joseph Gossec – Symphonie à 17 parties
- Johann Nepomuk Hummel – Salve Regina, WoO 18
- Etienne Mehul – Symphony No. 1 in G minor
- Ferdinand Ries
- Symphony No. 1 in D major, Op. 23
- Clarinet Trio in B-flat major, Op. 28
- Clarinet Sonata, Op. 29
- String Quartet, Op. 70 No.2
- Piano Trio, Op. 28
- January 20 – Sebastián Iradier, composer (died 1865)
- February 3 – Felix Mendelssohn, composer (died 1847)
- March 19 – Fredrik Pacius, conductor and composer (died 1891)
- March 31 – Otto Lindblad, composer (died 1864)
- April 13 – Aleksander Mirecki, violinist (died 1882)
- August 6 – Alfred Tennyson, lyricist and poet (died 1892)
- August 21 – Hanna Brooman, composer, translator and educator (died 1887)
- August 30 – Adolf Friedrich Hesse, composer (died 1863)
- October 2 – Anton Emil Titl, composer (died 1882)
- October 12 – John Liptrot Hatton, composer, conductor, pianist and singer (died 1886)
- October 15 – Aleksey Koltsov, lyricist and poet (died 1842)
- October 21 – Daniel Friedrich Eduard Wilsing, composer (died 1893)
- October 22 – Federico Ricci, opera composer (died 1877)
- November 16 – Leopoldine Blahetka, pianist and composer (died 1885)
- November 26 – Auguste-François Morel, composer (died 1881)
- January 29 – Luigi Antonio Sabbatini, composer and music theorist (born 1732)
- February – Francesco Azopardi, composer (born 1748)
- March 7 – Johann Georg Albrechtsberger, organist, composer and music teacher (born 1736)
- April 17 – Johann Christian Kittel, organist and composer (born 1732)
- April 18 – Birgitte Winther, opera singer (born 1751)
- May 1 – Gottlieb Konrad Pfeffel, librettist and writer (born 1736)
- May 31 – Joseph Haydn, composer (born 1732)
- July 2 or (3) – Joseph Quesnel, composer and writer (born 1746)
- July 24 – Johann Gottfried Eckard, pianist and composer (born 1735)
- September 21 – Alexander Reinagle, composer, organist, and theater musician (born 1736)
- December 31 – Franz Ignaz Beck, composer (born 1734)