1970 Colombia earthquake

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1970 Colombia earthquake - Wikipedia

Coordinates: 1°36′S 72°32′W / 1.6°S 72.53°W

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

1970 Colombia earthquake

UTC time	1970-07-31 17:08:05
ISC event	794176
USGS-ANSS	ComCat
Local date	July 31, 1970 (1970-07-31)
Local time	12:08:05
Magnitude	8.0 M_w^[1]
Depth	645 km (401 mi)^[1]
Epicenter	1°36′S 72°32′W / 1.6°S 72.53°W / -1.6; -72.53^[1]
Areas affected	Colombia
Max. intensity	MMI IV (Light)
Casualties	1 dead, several injured^[2]

The 1970 Colombia earthquake occurred in Colombia on July 31.

Details and aftermath

The shock killed one person and injured several others. Because it was a deep-focus earthquake, shaking occurred over an extensive area, including San Juan, Bogotá, Caracas, Buenos Aires, and São Paulo; it was felt as far north as Mexico City.^[3] Its depth forestalled more serious casualties,^[3] and there were no aftershocks.^[4]

The depth of the earthquake prompted scientists in South America to install seismometer networks focused on long-period earthquakes.^[3] Until the 1994 Bolivia earthquake, the 1970 Colombia earthquake was famous among seismologists as the largest deep earthquake.^[5]

Analysis

A study completed by Dziewonski and Gilbert (1974) determined that the earthquake had featured isotropic compression, or an increase in density near the rupture point similar to an implosion;^[6] this was released to great controversy.^[5] They also claimed that the compression had been initiated 80 seconds before the actual earthquake's short-period shaking. Many studies have reached differing conclusions including a dearth of isotropic movement, and many scientists feel that resolution created errors in Dziewonski and Gilbert's findings.^[7] In 1997, Russakoff, Ekstrom, and Tromp reassessed their findings utilizing more advanced equipment that factored in shear wave splitting and coupling (the measure of how tightly locked two sides of a fault or plate are) and confirmed that there was very little isotropic compression.^[5]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ISC (2015), ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue (1900–2009), Version 2.0, International Seismological Centre
^ IISEE. "IISEE Catalogue Search parameters page". Catalog of Damaging Earthquakes in the World. Retrieved August 18, 2013.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Historic Earthquakes: Colombia 1970". United States Geological Survey. November 1, 2012. Retrieved July 30, 2013.
^ Karato, Shun'ichiro (2003). The Dynamic Structure of the Deep Earth: An Interdisciplinary Approach. Princeton University Press. p. 162. ISBN 978-0691095110.
^ ^a ^b ^c Russakoff, Ekstrom, and Tromp, pg. 20423.
^ Kennett, L.N.; Simons, R.S. (1976). "An Implosive Precursor to the Colombia Earthquake 1970 July 31". Geophysical Journal International. 44 (2): 471. Bibcode:1976GeoJI..44..471K. doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1976.tb03668.x.
^ Russakoff, Ekstrom, and Tromp, pg. 20424.

Bibliography

Russakoff, Daniel; Ekström, Göran & Tromp, Jeroen (September 10, 1997). "A new analysis of the great 1970 Colombia earthquake and its isotropic component". Journal of Geophysical Research. 102 (B9): 20, 423–20, 434. Bibcode:1997JGR...10220423R. doi:10.1029/97jb01645.

External links

The International Seismological Centre has a bibliography and/or authoritative data for this event.

v t e ← Earthquakes in 1970 →
Tonghai (7.1, Jan 4) † Gediz (7.2, March 28) † Ancash (7.9, May 31) †‡ Colombia (7.6, July 31) New Guinea (7.0, Oct 31) Peru–Ecuador (7.1, Dec 9) †
† indicates earthquake resulting in at least 30 deaths ‡ indicates the deadliest earthquake of the year

v t e Earthquakes in Colombia
Historical	1868 Ecuador 1875 Cúcuta
20th century	1906 Ecuador–Colombia 1958 Ecuador–Colombia 1970 Colombia 1979 Tumaco 1983 Popayán 1994 Paez river 1999 Armenia
21st century	2008 El Calvario 2023 central Colombia

Tectonism in Colombia

Tectonic plates

Terranes

Terrane-bounding
fault systems

Bagre Norte
Bucaramanga-Santa Marta (BSF)
Cimitarra
Cucuana
Eastern Frontal (EFS)
- Afiladores
- Algeciras
- Garzón-Pitalito
- Guaicáramo
- Guayuriba
- Mocoa
- San Pedro-Cumaral
- Servitá-Santa María
- Sibundoy
- Suazá
- Yopal
- Boconó
Mulato-Getudo
Oca
Otú Norte
Palestina
Romeral (RFS)

Intraterrane
faults

Chibcha	Bituima–La Salina Bogotá Caño Tomás Chitagá-Pamplona La Dina Honda Ibagué Irlanda La Macarena La Plata Suárez Tarra Usme Vianí
Tahamí	Espiritú Santo Uramita
Caribe	Abriaquí Argelia Bagre Norte Bahía Solano Cañasgordas Cauca Garrapatas Murindó Murrí Mutatá Montería Naya-Micay Piedrancha Remolino-El Charco Santa Rita El Tambor Toro Tucurá Unguía Urrao
La Guajira	Cuisa
Other terranes	Meta Dagua-Calima Guáitara Morronegro-Las Mercedes

Major
earthquakes

1646
1743
1785
1827
1834
1868
1875
1906
1917
1936
1958
1962
1967
1970 (1)
1970 (2)
1979 (1)
1979 (2)
1983
1987
1991
1992
1994
1995 (1)
1995 (2)
1996
1999
2004
2007
2008
2012
2013 (2)
2015
2016 (1)
2016 (2)

Orogenies

Details and aftermath

Analysis

See also

References

Bibliography

External links