Ensiklopedia Dunia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The 1995 Nobel Prizes were awarded by the Nobel Foundation, based in Sweden. Six categories were awarded: Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, Peace, and Economic Sciences.^[1]

Nobel Week took place from December 6 to 12, including programming such as lectures, dialogues, and discussions. The award ceremony and banquet for the Peace Prize were scheduled in Oslo on December 10, while the award ceremony and banquet for all other categories were scheduled for the same day in Stockholm.^[2]^[3]

Prizes

Physics


Awardee(s)
	Martin Lewis Perl (1927–2014)	American	"for the discovery of the tau lepton" and "for pioneering experimental contributions to lepton physics"	^[4]
	Frederick Reines (1918–1998)	American	"for the detection of the neutrino" and "for pioneering experimental contributions to lepton physics"	^[4]

Chemistry


Paul J. Crutzen (1933–2021)	Dutch	"for their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone"	^[5]
Mario J. Molina (1943–2020)	Mexican
Frank Sherwood Rowland (1927–2012)	American

Physiology or Medicine


Edward B. Lewis (1918–2004)	United States	"for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development"	^[6]
Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard (b. 1942)	Germany
Eric F. Wieschaus (b. 1947)	United States

Literature

Awardee(s)
	Seamus Heaney (1939–2013)	Ireland	"for works of lyrical beauty and ethical depth, which exalt everyday miracles and the living past"	^[7]

Peace

Awardee(s)
	Joseph Rotblat (1908–2005)	Poland	"for their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and, in the longer run, to eliminate such arms."	^[8]
	Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs	Canada		^[8]

Economic Sciences

Awardee(s)
	Robert Lucas, Jr. (1937–2023)	United States	"for having developed and applied the hypothesis of rational expectations, and thereby having transformed macroeconomic analysis and deepened our understanding of economic policy"	^[9]

References

^ "All Nobel Prizes". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 2024-12-11.
^ "The Nobel Peace Prize 1995". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 2024-12-11.
^ Royen, Ulrika (2024-11-20). "The Nobel Prize Award Ceremony 1995 - Opening Address". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 2024-12-11.
^ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1995". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 28 October 2008. Retrieved 9 October 2008.
^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 5 October 2008. Retrieved 6 October 2008.
^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1995". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 18 July 2007. Retrieved 28 July 2007.
^ "Nobel Prize in Literature 1995". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 2008-10-19. Retrieved 2008-10-17.
^ "The Nobel Peace Prize 1995". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 2008-10-21. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
^ "The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1995". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 2008-10-07. Retrieved 2008-10-14.

v t e 1995 Nobel Prize laureates
Chemistry	Paul J. Crutzen (Netherlands) Mario J. Molina (Mexico) F. Sherwood Rowland (United States)
Literature (1995)	Seamus Heaney (Ireland)
Peace	Joseph Rotblat (United Kingdom/Poland) Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs (Canada)
Physics	Martin Lewis Perl (United States) Frederick Reines (United States)
Physiology or Medicine	Edward B. Lewis (United States) Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard (Germany) Eric F. Wieschaus (United States)
Economic Sciences	Robert Lucas Jr. (United States)
Nobel Prize recipients 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Categories:

Hidden categories: