20th Infantry Division (Greece)

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20th Infantry Division 20ή Μεραρχία Πεζικού
Active	24 January – 14 April 1941
Country	Greece
Branch	Hellenic Army
Type	Infantry
Part of	Central Macedonia Army Section
Engagements	Battle of Greece

The 20th Infantry Division (Greek: 20ή Μεραρχία Πεζικού) was a short-lived formation of the Hellenic Army. It was founded on 24 January 1941, when Greece was already embroiled in the Greco-Italian War.

History

The division was formed in late February, near Florina, at a time when most available manpower and equipment were already employed in the Greco-Italian War. Consequently, according to its first commander, Major General Karassos, it was "Formed in haste and in offhand manner...from two infantry regiments, without artillery, with officers mostly drawn from the reserves, personnel of every possible origin and type with a large proportion of completely or partially untrained men, with inferior armament, with many deficiencies in communications equipment, arms, men and above all pack animals", it was from the outset of "insufficient cohesion, reduced numerical strength and morale, and greatly reduced fighting ability".^[1]

It was assigned to the Central Macedonia Army Section (TSKM), forming part of the Greek–British "W Force", under the British Lt. General Henry Maitland Wilson, assigned to hold the Aliakmon River–Mount Vermion line against the expected German invasion of Greece.^[1] The division defeated and practically ceased to exist as a combat formation at the Battle of Kleisoura Pass on 13–14 April.^[2]

Order of battle

As of early April 1941, before the German attack:^[3]

35th Infantry Regiment (Reserve Col. Emmanouil Marinakis)
80th Infantry Regiment (Lt. Col. Vasileios Matzouranis)
Dodecanese Regiment (Reserve Lt. Col. Ioannis Nikolaou)
X Frontier Sector (Reserve Col. Aristotelis Sergos)
20th Mountain Artillery Regiment (Lt. Col. Christos Delivogiatzis)

Commanders

Major General Christos Karassos (24 January – 8 April 1941, appointed to command TSKM)^[3]
Colonel Miltiadis Papakonstantinou (8–14 April 1941)

References

^ ^a ^b Koliopoulos 1976–1977, p. 58.
^ Koliopoulos 1976–1977, pp. 61–62.
^ ^a ^b The end of an epopee, April 1941, p. 306

Sources

Το τέλος μιας εποποιΐας, Απρίλιος 1941 [The end of an epopee, April 1941] (in Greek). Athens: Hellenic Army General Staff / Army History Directorate. 1959.
Koliopoulos, Ioannis S. (1976–1977). "Η στρατιωτική και πολιτική κρίση στην Ελλάδα τον Απρίλιο του 1941" [The Military and Political Crisis in Greece in April 1941] (PDF). Μνήμων (in Greek). 6: 53–74. doi:10.12681/mnimon.174.

Divisions of the Hellenic Army
Infantry	1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th 18th 20th 98 ADTE Adrianople Archipelago Continental Greece Crete Independent Kydoniai Magnesia Peloponnese Serres Smyrna Xanthi Cyprus ('Menelaos')
Other	3rd Special Forces 9th Armoured 19th Mechanized 20th Armoured Cavalry Support

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