5′-Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine

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5′-Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine
Names

IUPAC name [(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-[(1-Amino-2-formamidoethylidene)amino]-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl dihydrogen phosphate
Other names FGAM
Identifiers
CAS Number	6157-85-3
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChemSpider	7830994^Y
PubChem CID	5462266
UNII	F5S688KP9G^Y
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID701027525
InChI InChI=1S/C8H16N3O8P/c9-5(1-10-3-12)11-8-7(14)6(13)4(19-8)2-18-20(15,16)17/h3-4,6-8,13-14H,1-2H2,(H2,9,11)(H,10,12)(H2,15,16,17)/t4-,6-,7-,8-/m1/s1^Y Key: PMCOGCVKOAOZQM-XVFCMESISA-N^Y
SMILES C([C@@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)NC(=N)CNC=O)O)O)OP(=O)(O)O
Properties
Chemical formula	C₈H₁₆N₃O₈P
Molar mass	313.20 g/mol
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

5′-Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine (or FGAM) is a biochemical intermediate in the formation of purine nucleotides via inosine-5-monophosphate, and hence is a building block for DNA and RNA.^[1]^[2] The vitamins thiamine^[3]^[4] and cobalamin^[5] also contain fragments derived from FGAM.^[6]

The compound is biosynthesized from phosphoribosyl-N-formylglycineamide (FGAR) which is converted to an amidine by the action of phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase (EC 6.3.5.3), transferring an amino group from glutamine in a reaction that also requires ATP:

FGAR + ATP + glutamine + H₂O → FGAM + ADP + glutamate + Pi

The biosynthesis pathway next converts FGAM to 5-aminoimidazole ribotide (AIR) by the action of AIR synthetase (EC 6.3.3.1) which uses ATP to activate the terminal carbonyl group to attack by the nitrogen atom at the anomeric center:

FGAM + ATP → AIR + ADP + Pi + H⁺

References

^ R. Caspi (2009-01-13). "Pathway: 5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide biosynthesis I". MetaCyc Metabolic Pathway Database. Retrieved 2022-02-02.
^ Gupta, Rani; Gupta, Namita (2021). "Nucleotide Biosynthesis and Regulation". Fundamentals of Bacterial Physiology and Metabolism. pp. 525–554. doi:10.1007/978-981-16-0723-3_19. ISBN 978-981-16-0722-6. S2CID 234897784.
^ R. Caspi (2011-09-14). "Pathway: superpathway of thiamine diphosphate biosynthesis I". MetaCyc Metabolic Pathway Database. Retrieved 2022-02-01.
^ Chatterjee, Abhishek; Hazra, Amrita B.; Abdelwahed, Sameh; Hilmey, David G.; Begley, Tadhg P. (2010). "A "Radical Dance" in Thiamin Biosynthesis: Mechanistic Analysis of the Bacterial Hydroxymethylpyrimidine Phosphate Synthase". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 49 (46): 8653–8656. doi:10.1002/anie.201003419. PMC 3147014. PMID 20886485.
^ R. Caspi (2019-09-23). "Pathway: 5-hydroxybenzimidazole biosynthesis (anaerobic)". MetaCyc Metabolic Pathway Database. Retrieved 2022-02-10.
^ Mehta, Angad P.; Abdelwahed, Sameh H.; Fenwick, Michael K.; Hazra, Amrita B.; Taga, Michiko E.; Zhang, Yang; Ealick, Steven E.; Begley, Tadhg P. (2015). "Anaerobic 5-Hydroxybenzimidazole Formation from Aminoimidazole Ribotide: An Unanticipated Intersection of Thiamin and Vitamin B12 Biosynthesis". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 137 (33): 10444–10447. doi:10.1021/jacs.5b03576. PMC 4753784. PMID 26237670.

Nucleotide metabolic intermediates

purine
metabolism

anabolism

R5P→IMP:	Ribose 5-phosphate (R5P) Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) Phosphoribosylamine (PRA) Glycineamide ribonucleotide (GAR) Phosphoribosyl-N-formylglycineamide (FGAR) 5′-Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine (FGAM) 5-Aminoimidazole ribotide (AIR) 5′-Phosphoribosyl-4-carboxy-5-aminoimidazole (CAIR) Phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide (SAICAR) AICA ribonucleotide (AICAR) 5-Formamidoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribotide (FAICAR)
IMP→AMP:	Adenylosuccinate
IMP→GMP:	Xanthosine monophosphate

catabolism

pyrimidine
metabolism

anabolism

catabolism

uracil:	β-Alanine Dihydrouracil 3-Ureidopropionic acid
thymine:	3-Aminoisobutyric acid Dihydrothymine β-Ureidoisobutyric acid

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See also

References