55th Aeromedical Airlift Squadron
C-9A Nightingale at an Italian airfield
Active	1942–1943; 1952–1960; 1966–1968; 1968–1993
Country	United States
Branch	United States Air Force
Role	Medical evacuation
Motto(s)	Air Evac
Decorations	Air Force Outstanding Unit Award
Insignia
55th Aeromedical Airlift Squadron emblem
55th Military Airlift Squadron emblem

The 55th Aeromedical Airlift Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. It was first activated during World War II as the 55th Ferrying Squadron. It deployed to Canada and managed a station on the ALSIB ferrying route.

The squadron was reconstituted in July 1952 as the 55th Air Transport Squadron. It flew strategic airlift missions from Kelly Air Force Base, Texas, then from Travis Air Force Base, California until inactivating in 1960 when its Boeing C-97 Stratofreighters were retired.

It was activated again in Germany early in 1966 as the 55th Military Airlift Squadron. After assuming the primary role of aeromedical evacuation, it was redesignated the 55th Aeromedical Evacuation Squadron and remained the primary aeromedical airlift unit in Europe until inactivating in 1993.

The squadron was first organized at Camp Luna, New Mexico in September 1942 as the 55th Ferrying Squadron, one of four original squadrons of the 16th Ferrying Group, whose cadre was provided by the 40th Ferrying Squadron. The following month the group and squadron moved to Churchill in Manitoba, Canada to help manage the ferrying of planes to the Soviet Union over the ALSIB route. In 1943, Air Transport Command (ATC) adopted a form of organization in which each ATC Station was managed by a unified station organization. The squadron was disbanded in this reorganization.

Background

On 1 June 1948, Military Air Transport Service (MATS) implemented the wing base reorganization. In this reorganization it formed table of distribution (t/d) airlift units, including the 9th Air Transport Squadron at Kelly Air Force Base, Texas, which it assigned to the 518th Air Transport Group. On 1 October, following the Air Force's requirement that such units be numbered with four digits, the squadron became the 1256th Air Transport Squadron and the group became the 1700th Air Transport Group.^[1][2]

Reactivation

In 1952, MATS replaced most of its t/d air transport squadrons with table of organization units. In this renumbering, the squadron was reconstituted as the 55th Air Transport Squadron and activated on 20 July 1952, when it absorbed the mission, personnel and equipment of the 1256th Air Transport Squadron, which was simultaneously discontinued.^[2] The squadron moved to Travis Air Force Base, California in October 1953, where it was assigned to the 1501st Air Transport Group.^[3] It continued flying from Travis until inactivating on 8 March 1960 with the phaseout of the Boeing C-97 Stratofreighter from the MATS inventory.^[4]

Background

On 1 July 1964, the 322d Air Division moved to Rhein-Main Air Base, Germany and was reassigned from United States Air Forces Europe (USAFE) to MATS. As part of the realignment of airlift responsibilities in Europe, MATS organized the 1455th Air Transport Squadron to manage its Douglas C-118 Liftmaster heavy transports and Convair C-131 Samaritan air evacuation aircraft in Europe. The squadron performed its medical evacuation missions in conjunction with medial personnel of the 2d Aeromedical Evacuation Group.^[5]

Reactivation

In January 1966, Military Airlift Command (MAC) replaced MATS. In this reorganization the squadron was once again activated as the 55th Military Airlift Squadron, and took over the 1455th Air Transport Squadron's mission, personnel and equipment.^{[note 1]} In 1968, recognizing the emphasis on the squadron's aeromedical evacuation mission the squadron was redesignated the 55th Aeromedical Airlift Squadron. At the same time, it was transferred from MAC to USAFE, and it became a unit of the 7310th Tactical Airlift Wing.

In 1981, the squadron was tasked with the return of the Americans being released after being held hostage for two years in Iran. Because of the length of time they had been held in prison conditions, it was decided that aeromedical evacuation was called for, not ordinary airlift. The squadron flew two C-9s to Algiers, where an Air Algeria plane had flown them from Teheran. The squadron flew them to Germany, where the hostages were given medical exams at Wiesbaden Air Base before proceeding on to the United States.^[6]

In July 1993, the squadron moved from Rhein Main, which was in the process of becoming a civilian airport, to Ramstein Air Base, Germany, which was becoming USAFE's new airlift hub. On 1 September 1993, the squadron was inactivated and its airlift mission was assumed by the 75th and 76th Airlift Squadrons, which moved to Ramstein on paper from Travis Air Force Base, California and Charleston Air Force Base, South Carolina.^[7][8]

• Constituted as the 55th Ferrying Squadron on 30 August 1942

Activated on 16 September 1942

Redesignated 55th Transport Squadron on 24 March 1943

Disbanded on 13 October 1943

• Reconstituted and redesignated 55th Air Transport Squadron, Heavy on 16 July 1952

Activated on 20 July 1952

Discontinued and inactivated on 8 March 1960

Redesignated 55th Military Airlift Squadron, activated and organized on 8 January 1966

Discontinued on 24 December 1968

• Redesignated 55th Aeromedical Airlift Squadron and organized 24 December 1968

Inactivated 1 October 1993

• 16th Ferrying Group (later 16th Transport Group), 16 September 1942 – 13 October 1943
• 1700th Air Transport Group, 20 July 1952
• 1501st Air Transport Group, 20 Oct 1953 – 8 March 1960
• 439th Military Airlift Group 8 January 1966 – 24 December 1968^[9]
• 7310th Tactical Airlift Wing, 24 December 1968
• 322d Tactical Airlift Wing, 1 January 1970^[10]
• 435th Tactical Airlift Wing, 31 March 1975^[11][12]
• 435th Tactical Airlift Group, 30 September 1978
• 435th Tactical Airlift Wing, 1 June 1980^[12]
• 435th Operations Group, 1 April 1992
• 86th Operations Group, 1 July–1 October 1993^[13]

• Camp Luna, New Mexico 16 September 1942
• Churchill, Manitoba, Canada, October 1942 – 13 October 1943^{[note 2]}
• Kelly Air Force Base, Texas, 20 July 1952^[14]
• Travis Air Force Base, California, 20 October 1953 – 8 March 1960^[15]
• Rhein-Main Air Base, Hesse, Germany, 8 January 1966^[16]
• Ramstein Air Base, Rhineland Palatinate, Germany, 1 July–1 October 1993

• Boeing C-97 Stratofreighter, 1953–1960
• Convair C-131 Samaritan, 1966-unknown
• Douglas C-119 Liftmaster, 1966-unknown
• Douglas C-9A Nightingale, unknown-1993

Award streamer	Award	Dates	Notes
	Air Force Outstanding Unit Award	1 May 1967-13 June 1967	55th Military Airlift Squadron[17]
	Air Force Outstanding Unit Award	1 April 1970-30 June 1970	55th Aeromedical Airlift Squadron[18]
	Air Force Outstanding Unit Award	1 July 1970-30 November 1971	55th Aeromedical Airlift Squadron[18]
	Air Force Outstanding Unit Award	1 July 1978-30 June 1980	55th Aeromedical Airlift Squadron[19]
	Air Force Outstanding Unit Award	1 July 1981-30 June 1983	55th Aeromedical Airlift Squadron[19]
	Air Force Outstanding Unit Award	1 July 1983-30 June 1985	55th Aeromedical Airlift Squadron[19]
	Air Force Outstanding Unit Award	1 July 1985-30 June 1987	55th Aeromedical Airlift Squadron[19]
	Air Force Outstanding Unit Award	1 July 1987-30 June 1989	55th Aeromedical Airlift Squadron[19]
	Air Force Outstanding Unit Award	1 July 1989-30 June 1991	55th Aeromedical Airlift Squadron[19]
	Air Force Outstanding Unit Award	2 August 1990-31 March 1991	55th Aeromedical Airlift Squadron[19]
	Air Force Outstanding Unit Award	1 July 1991-30 June 1992	55th Aeromedical Airlift Squadron[19]

Campaign Streamer	Campaign	Dates	Notes
	American Theater without inscription	16 September 1942 – 13 October 1943	55th Ferrying Squadron (later 55th Transport Squadron)

Explanatory notes

Citations

 This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency

• Fletcher, Harry R (1993). Air Force Bases , Vol. II, Air Bases Outside the United States of America (PDF). Washington, DC: Center for Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-53-6. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
• Mueller, Robert (1989). Air Force Bases, Vol. I, Active Air Force Bases Within the United States of America on 17 September 1982 (PDF). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-53-6. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
• Ravenstein, Charles A. (1984). Air Force Combat Wings, Lineage & Honors Histories 1947-1977 (PDF). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-12-9. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
• "AF Pamphlet 900-2, Unit Decorations, Awards and Campaign Participation Credits" (PDF). Washington, DC: Department of the Air Force Index. 15 June 1971. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 August 2015. Retrieved 11 August 2016.
• "AF Pamphlet 900-2, Unit Decorations, Awards and Campaign Participation Credits, Vol II" (PDF). Washington, DC: Department of the Air Force. 30 September 1976. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 August 2015. Retrieved 11 August 2016.
• MAC Office of History (1991). Anything, Anywhere, Anytime: An Illustrated History of the Military Airlift Command, 1941-1991 (PDF). Scott AFB, IL: Military Airlift Command. ASIN B001GTIDDA. (Part 2, Chapter 6 to end)