6,7-dihydropteridine reductase

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6,7-dihydropteridine reductase - Wikipedia

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6,7-dihydropteridine reductase

Dihydropteridine reductase dimer, Human

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In enzymology, 6,7-dihydropteridine reductase (EC 1.5.1.34, also Dihydrobiopterin reductase) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridine + NAD(P)+

\rightleftharpoons

6,7-dihydropteridine + NAD(P)H + H⁺

The four substrates for this enzyme are a 6,7-dihydropteridine (dihydrobiopterin), NADH, NADPH, and H⁺ and its three products are 5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridine (tetrahydrobiopterin), NAD⁺, and NADP⁺ This enzyme participates in folate biosynthesis. In the human genome, the enzyme is encoded by the QDPR gene.

Nomenclature

This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-NH group of donors with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridine:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include 6,7-dihydropteridine:NAD(P)H oxidoreductase, DHPR, NAD(P)H:6,7-dihydropteridine oxidoreductase, NADH-dihydropteridine reductase, NADPH-dihydropteridine reductase, NADPH-specific dihydropteridine reductase, dihydropteridine (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), reductase, dihydropteridine reductase, dihydropteridine reductase (NADH), and 5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridine:NAD(P)H+ oxidoreductase.

Clinical significance

Dihydropteridine reductase deficiency is a defect in the regeneration of tetrahydrobiopterin. Many patients have significant developmental delays despite therapy, develop brain abnormalities, and are prone to sudden death. The reason is not completely clear, but might be related to the accumulation of dihydrobiopterin and abnormal metabolism of folic acid.^[1] Response to treatment is variable and the long-term and functional outcome is unknown. To provide a basis for improving the understanding of the epidemiology, genotype/phenotype correlation and outcome of these diseases their impact on the quality of life of patients, and for evaluating diagnostic and therapeutic strategies a patient registry was established by the noncommercial International Working Group on Neurotransmitter Related Disorders (iNTD).^[2] Dihydropteridine reductase deficiency is treated with tyrosine supplements, a controlled diet which is lacking in phenylalanine,^[3] well as supplementation of L-DOPA.

References

^ Longo N (June 2009). "Disorders of biopterin metabolism". Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease. 32 (3): 333–42. doi:10.1007/s10545-009-1067-2. PMID 19234759. S2CID 13117236.
^ "Patient registry".
^ Pawlina, Wojciech; Ross, Michael W. (2006). Histology: a text and atlas: with correlated cell and molecular biology. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0-7817-5056-3.

Harano T (1972). "New diaphorases from Bombyx silkworm eggs. NADH/NADPH cytochrome c reductase activity mediated with 6,7-dimethyltetrahydropterin". Insect Biochem. 2 (8): 385–399. doi:10.1016/0020-1790(72)90019-4.
Hasegawa H (January 1977). "Dihydropteridine reductase from bovine liver. Purification, crystallization, and isolation of a binary complex with NADH". Journal of Biochemistry. 81 (1): 169–77. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a131432. PMID 191436.
Kaufman S (1962). "Phenylalanine hydroxylase: TPNH + H⁺ + phenylalanine + O₂ → TPN⁺ + H₂O + tyrosine". Methods in Enzymology. Vol. 5. pp. 809–816. doi:10.1016/s0076-6879(62)05317-3. ISBN 978-0-12-181805-0.
Lind KE (February 1972). "Dihydropteridine reductase. Investigation of the specificity for quinoid dihydropteridine and the inhibition by 2,4-diaminopteridines". European Journal of Biochemistry. 25 (3): 560–2. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1972.tb01728.x. PMID 4402916.
Nakanishi N, Hasegawa H, Watabe S (March 1977). "A new enzyme, NADPH-dihydropteridine reductase in bovine liver". Journal of Biochemistry. 81 (3): 681–5. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a131504. PMID 16875.

v t e Oxidoreductases: CH-NH (EC 1.5)
1.5.1: NAD or NADP acceptor	Dihydrofolate reductase Saccharopine dehydrogenase Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
1.5.3: oxygen acceptor	Dihydrobenzophenanthridine oxidase Sarcosine oxidase Proline oxidase
1.5.5: quinone acceptor	Electron-transferring-flavoprotein dehydrogenase
1.5.99	Sarcosine dehydrogenase Cytokinin dehydrogenase

v t e Enzymes
Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Diffusion-limited enzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis
Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor Enzyme activator
Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes
Kinetics	Enzyme kinetics Eadie–Hofstee diagram Hanes–Woolf plot Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics
Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases (list) EC2 Transferases (list) EC3 Hydrolases (list) EC4 Lyases (list) EC5 Isomerases (list) EC6 Ligases (list) EC7 Translocases (list)

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