AFGL 2298

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AFGL 2298

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AFGL 2298
Observation data Epoch J2000 Equinox J2000
A near-infrared (J band) light curve for AFGL 2298, adapted from Clark et al. (2009)^[1]
Constellation	Aquila
Right ascension	19^h 00^m 10.89^s^[2]
Declination	+03° 45′ 47.1″^[2]
Characteristics
Spectral type	B8I,^[3] B:I:[e],^[4] B0-0.5I^[5]
Apparent magnitude (J)	12.164^[2]
Apparent magnitude (H)	8.918^[2]
Apparent magnitude (K)	6.91^[6]
Variable type	LBV^[4]
Astrometry

Distance	30,000±10,000 ly (10,000±3,000^[4] pc)
Absolute bolometric magnitude (M_bol)	−11.25^[1]

Details

Radius	158 - 385^[1] `R`_☉
Luminosity	1,300,000 - 2,000,000^[1] `L`_☉
Temperature	11,000 - 15,500^[1] or 26,000^[5] K

Other designations
V1672 Aql, RAFGL 2298, IRAS 18576+0341, 2MASS J19001089+0345471^[7]
Database references
SIMBAD	data

AFGL 2298, also known as IRAS 18576+0341, is a luminous blue variable star (LBV) located in the constellation Aquila, very close to the galactic plane. Its distance is not well known; it may be anywhere between 23,000 and 42,000 light years (7,000 to 13,000 parsecs) away from the Earth.^[4] Despite being extremely luminous, it is extremely reddened by interstellar extinction, so its apparent magnitude is brighter for longer-wavelength passbands; in fact, in visual wavelengths it is completely undetectable.^[7]

AFGL 2298 was discovered during the US Air Force Geophysical Laboratory (AFGL) survey, a rocket based infrared sky survey conducted at Hanscom Air Force Base, whose results were published in 1975.^[8]

AFGL 2298 has an absolute bolometric magnitude of −11.25,^[1] making it one of the most luminous stars known. Indeed, many of the hottest and most luminous stars known are luminous blue variables and other early-type stars. However, like all LBVs, AFGL 2298 is highly variable and the bolometric magnitude refers to its peak luminosity.^[1] Its status as an LBV was confirmed in 2003.^[4]

Like most extremely massive stars, AFGL 2298 is undergoing mass loss.^[5] For example, in 2005 it was estimated to be losing 3.7×10⁻⁵ solar masses each year,^[5] although the rate of mass loss itself varies frequently and dramatically.^[1] The stellar mass is currently being ejected as a nebula around the star (similar to AG Carinae), which was imaged by the Very Large Telescope in 2010.^[9] The nebula was found to be fairly circular, and the properties of the dust appeared to be constant throughout the entire nebula.^[9]

Properties of AFGL 2298 over time^[1]
	Effective temperature (K)	Mass loss rate (`M`_☉/yr)	Bolometric luminosity (`L`_☉)
June 2001	11,700	4.5×10⁻⁵	1.5×10⁶
August 2002	10,900	1.2×10⁻⁴	1.3×10⁶
June 2006	10,300	5.2×10⁻⁵	2.0×10⁶
May 2007	10,900	4×10⁻⁵	1.5×10⁶

References

[edit]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Clark, J. S.; et al. (2009). "Bolometric luminosity variations in the luminous blue variable AFGL2298". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 507 (3): 1555–1565. arXiv:0909.4160. Bibcode:2009A&A...507.1555C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200912358. S2CID 119187994.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Cutri, Roc M.; Skrutskie, Michael F.; Van Dyk, Schuyler D.; Beichman, Charles A.; Carpenter, John M.; Chester, Thomas; Cambresy, Laurent; Evans, Tracey E.; Fowler, John W.; Gizis, John E.; Howard, Elizabeth V.; Huchra, John P.; Jarrett, Thomas H.; Kopan, Eugene L.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Light, Robert M.; Marsh, Kenneth A.; McCallon, Howard L.; Schneider, Stephen E.; Stiening, Rae; Sykes, Matthew J.; Weinberg, Martin D.; Wheaton, William A.; Wheelock, Sherry L.; Zacarias, N. (2003). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)". CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues. 2246: II/246. Bibcode:2003yCat.2246....0C.
^ Ramírez Alegría, S.; Herrero, A.; Rübke, K.; Marín-Franch, A.; García, M.; Borissova, J. (2018). "Identifying two groups of massive stars aligned in the l 38° Galactic direction". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 614: A116. arXiv:1801.08683. Bibcode:2018A&A...614A.116R. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201731720. S2CID 119427413.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Clark, J. S.; et al. (2003). "Confirmation of the Luminous Blue Variable nature of AFGL 2298". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 403 (2): 653–658. Bibcode:2003A&A...403..653C. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20030389.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Umana, G.; Buemi, C. S.; Trigilio, C.; Leto, P. (2005). "Current day mass loss rate for Luminous Blue Variable IRAS 18576+0341". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 437 (1): L1–L5. Bibcode:2005A&A...437L...1U. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200500126.
^ Kazarovets, E. V. (2006). "The 78th Name-List of Variable Stars". Information Bulletin on Variable Stars. 5721: 1. Bibcode:2006IBVS.5721....1K.
^ ^a ^b "AFGL 2298". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 26 January 2017.
^ Walker, R. G.; Price, S. D. (July 14, 1975). AFCRL Infrared Sky Survey (PDF). United States Air Force. Retrieved 22 November 2024.
^ ^a ^b Buemi, C. S.; et al. (2010). "VISIR/VLT and VLA Joint Imaging Analysis of the Circumstellar Nebula Around IRAS 18576+0341". The Astrophysical Journal. 721 (2): 1404–1411. arXiv:1008.0997. Bibcode:2010ApJ...721.1404B. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/721/2/1404. S2CID 119281049.

Constellation of Aquila

Stars

Bayer	α (Altair) β (Alshain) γ (Tarazed) δ ε ζ (Okab) η θ (Tseen Foo) ι κ λ μ ν ξ (Libertas) ο π σ τ υ φ χ ψ ω¹ ω² A b c d e f g h i k l
Flamsteed	4 5 7 8 10 11 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 42 45 46 51 56 57 58 62 64 66 68 69 70 14 Sge 62 Ser 64 Sgr
Variable	R U V W TT FF QS V368 V450 V500 V603 V604 V605 V606 V923 V1286 V1291 V1298 V1302 V1315 V1333 V1339 V1427 V1428 V1429 V1472 V1487 V1494 V1654 V1672 V1691 V1703 (Phoenicia) V1828 V1936
HR	7099 7143 7288 7300 7307 7396 7456 7569 7598 7599 7693 7717 7803
HD	179079 183263 187734 192699 (Chechia)
Other	CoRoT-2 CoRoT-3 CoRoT-8 Gaia BH3 HAT-P-41 PSR J1856+0245 PSR J1903+0327 PSR B1913+16 (Hulse–Taylor) PSR J1951+1123 SGR 1900+14 SS 433 W43A W49-2 WASP-80 (Petra) WD J1953−1019 ZTF J1901+1458

Exoplanets	CoRoT-2b CoRoT-3b CoRoT-8b CoRoT-10b HD 179079 b HD 183263 b c HD 192263 b HD 192699 b ξ Aquilae b

Star clusters	NGC 6709 NGC 6738 NGC 6755 NGC 6756 NGC 6760

Nebulae

NGC	6741 6751 6778 6781 6790
Other	Abell 48 Abell 70 E Nebula Hen 2-428 HESS J1857+026 W43 W49 W49B W50

Galaxies

NGC	6814
Other	IC 1327

See also

References