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Dark dagger

Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Superfamily:	Noctuoidea
Family:	Noctuidae
Genus:	Acronicta
Species:	A. tridens
Binomial name
*Acronicta tridens* (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)

The dark dagger (Acronicta tridens) is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Michael Denis and Ignaz Schiffermüller in 1775. It is distributed throughout Europe (from southern Fennoscandia to the Balkans and Italy), Turkey, the Near East, the European part of Russia, southern Siberia, the Ural, the Russian Far East (Primorye, southern Khabarovsk, southern Amur region and Sakhalin), the Korean Peninsula, China and Japan (Hokkaido).

This species has grey forewings marked with bold black "daggers". The hindwings of the males are white, those of the females dirty grey. The wingspan is 35–43 mm (1.4–1.7 in). Adults of this species are extremely similar to the grey dagger (Acronicta psi). Despite the common name, the dark dagger is usually the paler of the two species and the white hindwings of the male are usually diagnostic. However, the only reliable way of distinguishing adults of the two species is by examination of the genitalia.^[1] The larvae, however, are very different. This species flies at night in June and July^[a] and is attracted to light and sometimes to sugar.

The larva is black, marked with red and white stripes, without the bold yellow markings and prominent horn of the larva of the grey dagger. It feeds on a variety of plants. The species overwinters as a pupa, sometimes spending two winters in this form.

Recorded food plants

Betula (birch)
Caragana
Crataegus (hawthorn)
Malus (apple)
Prunus
Pyrus (pear)
Rhamnus (buckthorn)
Rosa (rose)
Salix (willow)
Sorbus (rowan)

Notes

^ The flight season refers to the British Isles. This may vary in other parts of the range.

References

^ Martin C. Townsend, Jon Clifton and Brian Goodey (2010). British and Irish Moths: An Illustrated Guide to Selected Difficult Species. (covering the use of genitalia characters and other features) Butterfly Conservation.

Bibliography

Chinery, Michael (1991). Collins Guide to the Insects of Britain and Western Europe.
Skinner, Bernard (1984). The Colour Identification Guide to Moths of the British Isles.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Acronicta tridens.

Wikispecies has information related to Acronicta tridens.

Kimber, Ian. "73.037 BF2283 Dark Dagger Acronicta tridens ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775)". UKMoths. Retrieved 21 October 2020.
Fauna Europaea
"08776 Acronicta tridens ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) - Dreizack-Pfeileule". Lepiforum e. V.

Taxon identifiers
Acronicta tridens	Wikidata: Q280967 Wikispecies: Acronicta tridens BioLib: 53103 BOLD: 196736 EoL: 476220 EPPO: ACRNTR EUNIS: 311237 Fauna Europaea: 449419 Fauna Europaea (new): 450f8fef-d41c-47c5-965a-2e36ce4ced3f GBIF: 1783016 iNaturalist: 483480 IRMNG: 11230980 LepIndex: 261797 LoB: 5281 MaBENA: AcronTride NBN: NHMSYS0021144501 NCBI: 1754069 Observation.org: 9796 Open Tree of Life: 3204693

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