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  3. Allenby Bridge - Wikipedia
Allenby Bridge - Wikipedia
Coordinates: 31°52′27″N 35°32′27″E / 31.87417°N 35.54083°E / 31.87417; 35.54083
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Allenby Bridge
King Hussein Bridge

  • גשר אלנבי
  • جسر الملك حسين
The Allenby Bridge from the Jordanian side, 2006
Coordinates31°52′27″N 35°32′27″E / 31.87417°N 35.54083°E / 31.87417; 35.54083
CarriesPedestrians, vehicles
CrossesJordan River
Locale
Named for
Maintained by
History
Construction start1918
Opened1994
Rebuilt1968, 1994
Statistics
Daily traffic3200 pedestrians and 33 trucks (2007)[citation needed]
Toll
Location
Map
Location of the Allenby Bridge at West Bank-Jordan border

The Allenby Bridge (Hebrew: גשר אלנבי, romanized: Gesher Allenby), known officially in Jordan as the King Hussein Bridge (Arabic: جسر الملك حسين, romanized: Jisr al-Malek Hussein), is a bridge that crosses the Jordan River near the city of Jericho in the West Bank and the town of Al-Karameh in Jordan.

The bridge is currently the only official border crossing between the West Bank and Jordan, and is the sole designated exit/entry point for West Bank Palestinians travelling abroad by land.

Being 381 metres (1,250 ft) below sea level, it is the lowest fixed water crossing in the world.[citation needed]

Etymology

The bridge is informally called the Al-Karameh Bridge (جسر الكرامة) or simply Al-Jisr (الجسر, lit. 'the bridge') by Palestinians.[3]

History

In 1885, the Ottoman government of the Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem built a bridge at this site.[4]

In 1918, British general Edmund Allenby built a bridge over the remnant of the Ottoman predecessor.[4] The 1922 census lists 12 people (8 Christians and 4 Muslims) living at the bridge.[5] It was first destroyed by the 1927 Jericho earthquake, when it fell apart and collapsed into the river.[6] The 1931 census lists 13 people (11 Muslims and 2 Christians) living at the bridge.[7]

It was destroyed again in the Night of the Bridges operation by the Palmach on 16 June 1946, thus severing one of the main overland connections between Mandatory Palestine and Transjordan.[citation needed]

Israeli soldiers occupying the Palestine side of Allenby Border Crossing, 1985

The next destruction occurred during the 1967 Six-Day War, after which was replaced in 1968 with a temporary truss-type bridge.[citation needed] In 1994, subsequent to the Israel-Jordan peace treaty, a new modern paved crossing was constructed adjacent to the older wooden one with the aid of the Japanese government.[8]

Allenby Bridge border crossing

Since the 1994 Israel–Jordan peace treaty, the Allenby Bridge Terminal has been operated by the Israel Airports Authority.[9] It serves as a border crossing between the west and east banks of the Jordan River. The Jordanian authorities recognize the bridge as an international border entry point, but neither Jordan nor Israel grant entry visas to foreign passport holders at this crossing, unlike the country's other border crossings with territory under Israeli control,[10] nor stamp the passports of departing travelers.[11] Palestinians traveling abroad can use the Allenby Bridge to exit the West Bank into Jordan and then use the Queen Alia International Airport in Amman to fly abroad. Travel permits from both Israeli and Jordanian authorities are required, with varied stringency depending on the prevailing political situation.[citation needed]

Israeli citizens are not permitted to use the terminal,[9] except Israeli Muslims making a pilgrimage to Mecca to perform the Hajj and Umrah. Such pilgrims were allowed to use the Allenby Bridge crossing for the first time in 1978, after Jordan and Saudi Arabia permitted Israeli Arabs to join the Hajj in 1977.[12][13] Tourists who wish to travel to Jordan may have to be in possession of a visa from Jordan in advance, depending on their nationality. Tourists and inhabitants of East Jerusalem may travel directly to an Israeli terminal, although Palestinians from the West Bank have to start the departure procedure at the special Palestinian border terminal in Jericho city.[citation needed]

The Jordanian side of the bridge has a branch of the Bank of Jordan for the exchange of currencies.[14]

  • The opening of the original Allenby Bridge in 1918
    The opening of the original Allenby Bridge in 1918
  • Larger bridge built in the 1930s next to the original one visible behind it
    Larger bridge built in the 1930s next to the original one visible behind it
  • Allenby (King Hussein) Bridge after being blown up by the Palmach in 1946
    Allenby (King Hussein) Bridge after being blown up by the Palmach in 1946
  • The bridge after being destroyed by Israel during the 1967 Six-Day War
    The bridge after being destroyed by Israel during the 1967 Six-Day War
  • King Hussein Bridge inscription (western end), 2013
    King Hussein Bridge inscription (western end), 2013
  • Palestine refugees flee across the Allenby Bridge during the second Arab-Israeli hostilities in 1967
    Palestine refugees flee across the Allenby Bridge during the second Arab-Israeli hostilities in 1967
  • Palestine refugees flee across the Allenby Bridge during the second Arab-Israeli hostilities in 1967
    Palestine refugees flee across the Allenby Bridge during the second Arab-Israeli hostilities in 1967

See also

References

  1. ^ a b https://www.iaa.gov.il/media/tvof0wk1/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%A9_fee_rates_for_crossing_land_border_terminals_2024.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  2. ^ "Border Crossing". international.visitjordan.com.
  3. ^ "Al-Karama crossing: A "symbol and witness of humiliation and suffering"". Jerusalem 24. 2022-07-22. Retrieved 2023-10-29.
  4. ^ a b Büssow, Johann (11 August 2011). Hamidian Palestine: Politics and Society in the District of Jerusalem 1872-1908. BRILL. ISBN 9789004205697.
  5. ^ "Palestine Census ( 1922)" – via Internet Archive.
  6. ^ Palestine Square (11 July 2016). "And the Land Lurched Forth: Remembering the 1927 Jericho Earthquake". Institute for Palestine Studies (IPS). Retrieved 8 April 2020.
  7. ^ "Palestine Census 1931" – via Internet Archive.
  8. ^ "Embassy of Japan in Jordan (ODA: Middle East Peace & Regional Stability)". jordan.emb-japan.go.jp. Archived from the original on 2006-07-09.
  9. ^ a b About: Alleby Bridge, Israel Airports Authority.
  10. ^ Irving, Sarah (2012). Palestine. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 30. ISBN 978-1-84162-367-2. Retrieved 14 September 2015.
  11. ^ Walker, Jenny; Clammer, Paul (2015). Jordan. Lonely Planet. p. 730. ISBN 978-1-74360-546-2. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
  12. ^ William Claiborne, After 30 Years, Israeli Moslems to See Mecca, Washington Post (October 26, 1978).
  13. ^ Karin Laub, Thousands of Israeli Moslems Leave For Mecca, Associated Press (June 26, 1989).
  14. ^ "Bank of Jordan פתח סניף בגשר אלנבי" (in Hebrew). Port2Port. 2008-07-24. Archived from the original on 2008-08-02. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
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