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Allopeas gracile - Wikipedia

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Allopeas gracile

Live specimen of Allopeas gracile

Shell of Allopeas gracile (specimen at the Natural History Museum, London)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Order:	Stylommatophora
Suborder:	Achatinina
Superfamily:	Achatinoidea
Family:	Achatinidae
Genus:	Allopeas
Species:	A. gracile
Binomial name
*Allopeas gracile* (Hutton, 1834)

Synonyms
See list

Allopeas gracile, common name the graceful awlsnail,^[1] is a species of small, tropical, air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Achatinidae.^[2]

Description

The length of the shell varies between 9.8 mm and 12.1 mm; its diameter between 2.9 mm and 3.3 mm.

(Original description) Animal: The animal is equipped with four retractile tentacles, with the upper pair being longer and bearing eyes at their tips. The foot is elongated, rather rounded at the rear, and truncated at the front. Its color is a pale yellowish hue.

Shell: The shell is transparent, thin, and rather colorless, with a spire that tapers gradually. It consists of 12 whorls, with the body whorl equal in size to the two preceding whorls. The aperture is semi-ovate, longer than it is wide. The columellar lip is straight and slightly reflected, while the outer lip is finely edged. ^[3]

(Recent description) The shell is conically elongated and slender, with a translucent, glossy surface of pale yellowish hue. It comprises 7½ to 8 whorls, tapering gradually towards a blunt apex. The protoconch consists of approximately two smooth whorls, while the subsequent whorls are adorned with obliquely arranged, fine, and densely packed riblets. The spire tapers evenly, and the whorls are flatly convex with a wide, shallow suture. The last whorl is the largest. The aperture is tall and oblong, with a thin peristome. The columellar margin near the umbilicus is slightly expanded, and the columella is straight. The umbilicus is narrowly open. ^[4]

Distribution

Allopeas gracile occurs throughout the tropics and subtropics worldwide.^[5]

native to India.
Hawaii & islands of Polynesia (naturalized)^[6]
Australia (New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia)
West Indies^[5]
southern Mexico^[5]
Central and South America^[5]
Dominica - introduced.^[5] First reported in 2009.^[5]
Tanzania^[7]

It is also found living in greenhouses in other areas, as a "hothouse exotic".

Synonyms

Achatina mandralisci Calcara, 1840 junior subjective synonym
Aclis californica Bartsch, 1927 junior subjective synonym
Allopeas gracile var. panayensis (L. Pfeiffer, 1846) junior subjective synonym
Allopeas gracilis [sic] incorrect grammatical agreement of specific epithet
Allopeas pyrgiscus (L. Pfeiffer, 1861) junior subjective synonym
Bulimus (Stenogyra) johanninus Morelet, 1877 junior subjective synonym
Bulimus apex Mousson, 1849 junior subjective synonym
Bulimus artensis Gassies, 1866 junior subjective synonym
Bulimus diaphanus Gassies, 1859 junior subjective synonym (invalid: junior homonym of...)
Bulimus gracilis T. Hutton, 1834 superseded combination
Bulimus hortensis C. B. Adams, 1851 junior subjective synonym
Bulimus junceus A. Gould, 1846 junior subjective synonym
Bulimus oparanus L. Pfeiffer, 1846 junior subjective synonym
Bulimus panayensis L. Pfeiffer, 1846 junior subjective synonym
Bulimus pyrgiscus L. Pfeiffer, 1861 junior subjective synonym
Bulimus souverbianus Gassies, 1863 junior objective synonym
Lamellaxis (Allopeas) gracilis (T. Hutton, 1834) superseded combination
Lamellaxis gracilis (T. Hutton, 1834) superseded combination
Limicolaria bourguignati Paladilhe, 1872 junior subjective synonym
Opeas acutius (K. Miller, 1879) junior subjective synonym
Opeas apex (Mousson, 1849) junior subjective synonym
Opeas gracile (T. Hutton, 1834) superseded combination
Opeas oparanum (L. Pfeiffer, 1846) junior subjective synonym
Opeas tangaense d'Ailly, 1910 junior subjective synonym
Stenogyra (Opeas) acutius K. Miller, 1879 junior subjective synonym
Stenogyra (Opeas) gracile (T. Hutton, 1834) superseded combination
Stenogyra (Opeas) panayensis (L. Pfeiffer, 1846) junior subjective synonym
Stenogyra gracilis (T. Hutton, 1834) superseded combination
Stenogyra juncea (A. Gould, 1846) junior subjective synonym
Stenogyra panayensis (L. Pfeiffer, 1846) junior subjective synonym
Stenogyra upolensis Mousson, 1865 junior subjective synonym

References

This article incorporates CC-BY-3.0 text from the reference.^[5]

^ "Allopeas gracile (Hutton, 1834)". ITIS, accessed 10 October 2010.
^ Bank, R. (2017). Classification of the Recent terrestrial Gastropoda of the World. Last update: July 16, 2017.. World Register of Marine Species, Retrieved 10 January 2019.
^ Hutton, T. (1834). "On the land shells of India". The Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. 3 (26): 81–93. Retrieved 27 August 2024. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^ Man, N. S., Ablett, J. D., Lwin, N., Sutcharit, C. & Panha, S. (2024). "Contributions on a small collection of the former Subulinidae Fischer & Crosse, 1877 (Eupulmonata, Achatinoidea) with catalogue of the Glessula and Rishetia species recorded from Myanmar". ZooKeys (1208): 173–239. Bibcode:2024ZooK.1208..173M. doi:10.3897/zookeys.1208.116083. PMC 11303849. PMID 39114566.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) (This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) )
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Robinson D. G., Hovestadt A., Fields A. & Breure A. S. H. (July 2009). "The land Mollusca of Dominica (Lesser Antilles), with notes on some enigmatic or rare species". Zoologische Mededelingen 83 http://www.zoologischemededelingen.nl/83/nr03/a13 Archived 2011-10-07 at the Wayback Machine
^ "Cook Islands Biodiversity : Allopeas gracile - Graceful Awlsnail".
^ Rowson B., Warren B. H. & Ngereza C. F. (2010). "Terrestrial molluscs of Pemba Island, Zanzibar, Tanzania, and its status as an "oceanic" island". ZooKeys 70: 1-39. doi:10.3897/zookeys.70.762.

External links

Man, N. S., Ablett, J. D., Lwin, N., Sutcharit, C. & Panha, S. (2024). "Contributions on a small collection of the former Subulinidae Fischer & Crosse, 1877 (Eupulmonata, Achatinoidea) with catalogue of the Glessula and Rishetia species recorded from Myanmar". ZooKeys (1208): 173–239. Bibcode:2024ZooK.1208..173M. doi:10.3897/zookeys.1208.116083. PMC 11303849. PMID 39114566.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

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Taxon identifiers
Allopeas gracile	Wikidata: Q3076203 AFD: Allopeas_gracile BOLD: 646260 CoL: BXZV EoL: 586182 GBIF: 2294133 iNaturalist: 122396 IRMNG: 10213475 ITIS: 567215 NatureServe: 2.109745 NCBI: 2448419 Open Tree of Life: 2881478 WoRMS: 875198

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