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Amphisphaeriales - Wikipedia

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Amphisphaeriales
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Fungi
Division:	Ascomycota
Class:	Sordariomycetes
Subclass:	Xylariomycetidae
Order:	Amphisphaeriales D. Hawksw. & O.E. Erikss., 1986^[1]

The Amphisphaeriales are an order of fungi within the class Sordariomycetes and subclass Xylariomycetidae.^[2]

Amphisphaeriales was circumscribed in 1986 by mycologists David Leslie Hawksworth and Ove Erik Eriksson,^[1] and Xylariomycetidae by Ove Erik Eriksson and Katarina Winka in 1997.

The Amphisphaeriales as an order, was then treated as a synonym of Xylariales, just one year later (by authors Eriksson & Hawksworth, 1987).^[3] This classification was followed by subsequent authors and later supported by molecular data (Hawksworth et al. 1995).^[4] The order was then resurrected by Senanayake et al. (in 2015),^[5] to include Amphisphaeriaceae, Clypeosphaeriaceae and another four novel families derived from Amphisphaeriaceae (Bartaliniaceae, Discosiaceae, Pestalotiopsidaceae and Phlogicylindriaceae). These later 4 families were then synonymised by Jaklitsch et al. (in 2016). An older family name of Sporocadaceae was reestablished to accommodate them instead (Crous et al. 2015).^[6] Together with the 'Amphisphaeriaceae and 'Phlogicylindriaceae, the family of Sporocadaceae was then accommodated in the Xylariales order. As the Amphisphaeriales was not accepted due to a lack of phylogenetic support in their DNA analysis (Jaklitsch et al. 2016).^[7]

DNA analysis in 2018 confirmed the placement of the order and subclass, it was a sister to the Xylariales order.^[8]^[9]

Based on previous studies, Wijayawardene et al. (2018a) accepted 11 families in Amphisphaeriales.^[10] Then in 2020, more families (and genera) were added to the order.^[2]

Generally, they have paraphyses that are dispersed among the asci and tapering from base to the tip, or abundant and branching to form a reticulum. They are often covered in gelatin. A lot of genera within the order have perithecia which are immersed in host tissue, with or without a clypeus. The asci are formed in a hymenium and have amyloid ascal apices and apical rings. Ascospores have variable shapes and variable numbers of septa, but most are hyaline, but pigmented ascospores are also known. Conidiogenesis tends to be holoblastic and then conidia are formed on denticles. Conidiophores are solitary or united into acervuli and are classified in genera such as Nodulisporium, Selenosporella, Microdochium and Pestalotiopsis.^[11]

The fungi are found in a range of habitats, some are biotrophic on higher plants and others are saprophytic on forest detritus.^[11]

The Amphisphaeriales includes fungi that have been included in the Xylariales order and also the Diatrypales order.^[11]

Distribution

Genera in the order have a cosmopolitan distribution.^[12] They are found in places such as China,^[13]^[14] Argentina,^[15] Italy,^[16] Austria (Amphisphaeria on Rhododendrons,^[17]) Montana, USA^[18] and (all over) Australia.^[19]

Families

As accepted by Wijayawardene et al. 2020 (with amount of genera);^[2]

Amphisphaeriaceae G. Winter (4)
Apiosporaceae K.D. Hyde, J. Fröhl., Joanne E. Taylor & M.E. Barr (4)
Beltraniaceae Nann. (9)
Castanediellaceae Hern.-Restr., Guarro & Crous (1)
Clypeophysalosporaceae Giraldo & Crous (4)
Hyponectriaceae Petr. (17)
Iodosphaeriaceae O. Hilber (1)
Melogrammataceae G. Winter (1)
Oxydothidaceae Konta & K.D. Hyde (1)
Phlogicylindriaceae Senan. & K.D. Hyde (3)
Pseudomassariaceae Senan. & K.D. Hyde (4)
Pseudotruncatellaceae Crous (1)
Sporocadaceae Corda (35)
Vialaeaceae e P.F. Cannon (1)

Genera incertae sedis:^[2]

Chitonospora E. Bommer, M. Rousseau & Sacc. (1)

References

^ ^a ^b Hawksworth, D.L.; Eriksson, O.E. 1986. The names of accepted orders of Ascomycetes. Systema Ascomycetum. 5:175-184
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, Laith Khalil Tawfeeq; Somayeh, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere. 11: 1060–1456. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8. hdl:10481/61998.
^ Eriksson, O.E.; Hawksworth, D.L. (1987). "Notes on ascomycete systematics. Nos. 464–551". Systema Ascomycetum. 6: 237–258.
^ D.L. Hawksworth, P.M. Kirk, B.C. Sutton, et al. Ainsworth & Bisby's Dictionary of the Fungi (8th edn.), CAB International, Wallingford, UK (1995)
^ Senanayake, Indunil C.; Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S.N.; Hyde, Kevin D.; Bhat, Jayarama D.; Jones, E. B. Gareth; McKenzie, Eric H. C.; Dai, Dong Qin; Daranagama, Dinushani A.; Dayarathne, Monika C.; Goonasekara, Ishani D.; Konta, Sirinapa; Li, Wen Jing; Shang, Qiu Ju; Stadler, Marc; Wijayawardene, Nalin N.; Xiao, Yuan Pin; Norphanphoun, Chada; Li, Qirui; Liu, Xing Zhong; Bahkali, Ali H.; Kang, Ji Chuan; Wang, Yong; Wen, Ting Chi; Wendt, Lucile; Xu, Jian Chu; Camporesi, Erio (2015). "Towards unraveling relationships in Xylariomycetidae (Sordariomycetes)". Fungal Diversity. 73: 73–144. doi:10.1007/s13225-015-0340-y. S2CID 256070746.
^ Crous, Pedro W.; Carris, Lori M.; Giraldo, Alejandra; Groenewald, Johannes Z.; Hawksworth, David L.; Hemández-Restrepo, Margarita; Jaklitsch, Walter M.; Lebrun, Marc-Henri; Schumacher, René K.; Stielow, J. Benjamin; Linde, Elna J. van der; Vilcāne, Jūlija; Voglmayr, Hermann; Wood, Alan R. (2015). "The Genera of Fungi - fixing the application of the type species of generic names - G 2: Allantophomopsis, Latorua, Macrodiplodiopsis, Macrohilum, Milospium, Protostegia, Pyricularia, Robillarda, Rotula, Septoriella, Torula, and Wojnowicia". IMA Fungus. 6 (1): 163–198. doi:10.5598/imafungus.2015.06.01.11. PMC 4500082. PMID 26203422.
^ Jaklitsch, W.M.; Gardiennet, A.; Voglmayr, H. (2016). "Resolution of morphology-based taxonomic delusions: Acrocordiella, Basiseptospora, Blogiascospora, Clypeosphaeria, Hymenopleella, Lepteutypa, Pseudapiospora, Requienella, Seiridium and Strickeria". Persoonia. 37: 82–105. doi:10.3767/003158516X690475. PMC 5238940. PMID 28100927. S2CID 22028314.
^ Cosoveanu, Andrea; Rodriguez Sabina, Samuel; Cabrera, Raimundo (2018). "Fungi as Endophytes in Artemisia thuscula: Juxtaposed Elements of Diversity and Phylogeny". Journal of Fungi. 4 (17): 70–82. doi:10.3390/jof4010017. PMC 5872320. PMID 29382076.
^ Gary A. Strobel (Editor) Fungal Endophytes in Plants , p. 83, at Google Books
^ "Amphisphaeriales - Facesoffungi number: FoF 00672". Faces Of Fungi. 6 November 2015. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
^ ^a ^b ^c David J. McLaughlin and Joseph W. Spatafora (Editors) The Mycota; Systematics and Evolution: Part A (2013), p. 245, at Google Books
^ "'Amphisphaeriales". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
^ Jiang, Ning; Voglmayr, Hermann; Ma, Chun-Yan; Xue, Han; Piao, Chun-Gen; Li, Yong (August 2022). "A new Arthrinium-like genus of Amphisphaeriales in China". MycoKeys (92): 27–43. doi:10.3897/mycokeys.92.86521. PMC 9849059. PMID 36761316.
^ Jiang, Ning; Voglmayr, Hermann; Xue, Han; Piao, Chun-Gen; Li, Yong (10 November 2022). "Morphology and Phylogeny of Pestalotiopsis (Sporocadaceae, Amphisphaeriales) from Fagaceae Leaves in China". Microbiology Spectrum. 10 (6): e0327222. doi:10.1128/spectrum.03272-22. PMC 9769744. PMID 36354327.
^ Bejar, Julieta; Luna, María Luján; Murace, Mónica Adriana; Saparrat, Mario Carlos Nazareno (December 2019). "Effects of the fungus Pestalotiopsis maculans (Ascomycota: Amphisphaeriales) on the gametophytic development of the fern Lygodium venustum (Lygodiaceae)". Revista de Biología Tropical. 67 (6). San José. doi:10.15517/rbt.v67i6.35860. ISSN 0034-7744. S2CID 209593164.
^ Perera, Rekhani H.; Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S.N.; Hyde, Kevin D.; Bhat, D. Jayarama; Camporesi, Erio; Jones, E.B. Gareth; Senanayake, Indunil C.; Al-Sadi, Abdullah M.; Saichana, Natsaran; Liu, Jian-KUI; Liu, ZUO-YI (2018). "An appendage-bearing coelomycete Pseudotruncatella arezzoensis gen. and sp. nov. (Amphisphaeriales genera incertae sedis) from Italy, with notes on Monochaetinula". Phytotaxa. 338 (2): 177. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.338.2.2. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
^ David F. Farr, H. Bartolome Esteban and Mary E. Palm Fungi on Rhododendron: A World Reference (1996), p. 94, at Google Books
^ Ratz, David. "(Order) (Amphisphaeriales) - Montana Field Guide". fieldguide.mt.gov. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
^ "Order: Amphisphaeriales". bie.ala.org.au. Atlas of Living Australia. Retrieved 13 February 2023.

Taxon identifiers
Amphisphaeriales	Wikidata: Q58834670 Wikispecies: Amphisphaeriales CoL: P7 GBIF: 9705438 IndexFungorum: 90458 IRMNG: 11914467 MycoBank: 90458 NZOR: 0cfbad71-72ad-4119-a916-296d893f107d Open Tree of Life: 7517204 SpeciesFungorum: 90458 WoRMS: 889906

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