Arghul

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Arghul

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Arghul
Woodwind instrument
Arghul with bell attached.
Classification	single-reed aerophone
Hornbostel–Sachs classification	422.211.2 (single reed instrument with cylindrical bore and fingerholes)
Related instruments
bülban, clarinet, diplica, dili tuiduk, dozaleh, cifte, launeddas, mijwiz, pilili, Reclam de xeremies, sipsi, zammara, zummara

The arghul (Arabic: أرغول or يرغول), also spelled argul, arghoul, arghool, argol, or yarghul, is a musical instrument in the reed family. It has been used since ancient Egyptian times and is still used as a traditional instrument in Egypt, Palestine, Syria and Jordan.

Basic characteristics

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(From Edward William Lane's An Account of the Manners and Customs of the Modern Egyptians.)
Modern Arghul, 3 ft. 2½ in. long.^[1]

The arghul is a double-pipe, Single-reed woodwind instrument that consists of two tubes: a melody pipe with between five and seven holes and a longer drone (Arabic ardiyya, "ground") pipe. Its tone is similar to that of a clarinet, although a bit more reed-like. Unlike the similar mijwiz, the arghul has fingering holes on only one of the instrument's pipes (the melody pipe), and the drone pipe has a detachable length that allows the player to alter the pitch of the drone.

In the illustration above all three lengths are shown in use. An arghul belonging to the collection of the Conservatoire Royal at Brussels, described by Victor Mahillon in his catalogue^[2] (No. 113), gives the following scale: —

Short Pipe.

Drone Pipe.

Holes uncovered.

Without additional joint.

With shortest additional joint.

With shortest and medium additional joints.

With longest additional joint.

Arghuls are used in Egypt and other Arab nations as an accompaniment to belly dancing, Dabke, and other types of Arabic musical performances. Circular breathing is an important part of the playing of the instrument.

There are three varieties of arghuls: the small arghul (arghoul alasghar), the medium arghul (arghoul alsoghayr), and the large arghul (arghoul alkebir).

Çifte

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Çifte is a Turkish folk instrument of the wind type. It is made by tying two reed pipes side by side. Two small reed pieces which produce the sound are added to the ends of both reeds. These two small reeds are taken into the mouth cavity and it is played by blowing the air into both at the same time.

There are two çifte types known as Demli Çifte and Demsiz Çifte. In demli çifte one of the reeds does not have any pitch keys and it just produces a drone. There are melody keys on the other reed and the main melody is played through them.

Çifte is also known as Argun, Argul, Kargın or Zambır at different regions.

In Turkish, the word "çifte" also refers to a double-barreled shotgun, no doubt because of the barrels' resemblance to the wind instrument.

Dozaleh

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See main article: Dozaleh

The dozaleh is one of the old folk wind instruments of Iran which is used in mirth celebrations. Abu Nasr Farabi had called it Mezmarol-Mosana or Mozdavadg [mozdavej] ("married"). The dozaleh has a sound like Ney-anbān [neianbAn] (bagpipe), but to some extent more clear and lower. It is played in Khorasan [xorAsAn], Kermanshah [KermAnSAh], and mostly in Iran. In some different dialects it is called Zanbooreh [zanbureh].

Notes

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^ Schlesinger 1911
^ Schlesinger 1911 cites: Catalogue descriptif et analytique du musée du Conservatoire Royal de Bruxelles (Ghent, 1880), p. 141.

References

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Attribution:

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Schlesinger, Kathleen (1911). "Arghoul". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 475.

External links

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Arghul page from Zaman Production site
The making of the Arghul, in Egypt by Dominik Huber

Listening

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Arghul audio

v t e Single reed instruments
Modern	Clarinet Heckel-clarina Heckelphone-clarinet Octavin Saxophone Tárogató Venova Xaphoon
European	Alboka Birbynė Chalumeau Diplica Ganurags Hornpipe Launeddas Mock trumpet Pibgorn Pilili Pku Reclam de xeremies Sipsi Stock-and-horn Zhaleika
Middle Eastern	Arghul Double clarinet Dozaleh Mijwiz Sipsi
Central Asian	Bülban Dili tuiduk
South Asian	Pepa Pungi
Southeast Asian	Pey pok Sarune Etek Toleat

v t e Traditional Arabic musical instruments
Plucked lutes	Buzuq Kwitra Lavta Mandole Oud Qanbūs Sintir
Zithers	Qanun
Bowed lutes	Kamanjah Rababa
Lyres	Kissar Simsimiyya Tanbūra
Flutes	Kawala Ney
Reed instruments	Arghul Habbān Jirba Mijwiz Mizmar Mizwad Rhaita Salamiyyah (flute) Zukra
Drums	Al-ras Bendir Daf Duhulla Goblet drum Hajir Maktoum Mazhar Mirwas Naqara Naqareh Riq Tar Taarija Tabl baladi Tbilat
Other percussion	Clapping (kaff) Krakebs Manjur Mihbaj Sagat (zills) Sistrum

Iranian musical instruments

Stringed
(Sāzhāy-e Zehī)

Bowed	Ghazhak Kamāncheh Classical kemençe
Plucked	Barbat Chang Harp Dotār Qānūn Robāb Sāz Nuzhe Setār Tanbūr Yaylı tambur Kurdish tanbur Tār Azerbaijani Tar Ūd Shahrud Rud Mugni
Struck	Santur
Experimental	Sallāneh Shurangiz Sorāhi

Woodwind
(Sāzhāy-e Bādī)

Exposed	Sornā Zurna Balaban Karnay Narmeh-ney Donali Dozaleh Kaval Ney anban
End-blown	Haft Band Nāy (Ney) Sheypur Zurna Pisha Miskal

Brass

Natural	Nafir

Percussion
(Sāzhāy-e
Kūbeheyī/Zarbī)

Auxiliary	Darāy Daf Dohol Dāvūl Dāyereh Zangī Naqāreh Tonbak (Dombak) Kūs Sanj Dammam Zarb Zang Zarbang Udu

Afghan traditional music
Azerbaijani traditional music
Kurdish traditional music
Persian traditional music
Tajik traditional music

v t e Turkish musical instruments
String instruments	Bowed instruments Karadeniz kemençe Classical kemençe Yaylı tanbur Rebab/Kabak kemane Sine kemanı Plucked instruments Kanun Çeng Turkish tambur Ud Cümbüş Ahenk Saz Cura Baglama Komuz Shahrud Rud Lavta Mugni Struck instruments Santur
Woodwind instruments	Zurna Tulum Karkm Dankiyo Gaida Çifte Ney Turkish ney Kaval Sipsi Dilli kaval Dilli ney Mey Tárogató Dilli düdük Kargı Düdük Miskal
Percussion instruments	Auxiliary percussion Bendir Cura nagara Daf Davul Darbuka Naqareh Kus Kudüm Nagara Turkish crescent Zill Castanet Spoon
See also	Turkish musical instruments Turkish folk music Ottoman classical music Ottoman military band Music of Turkey
Turkey portal Music portal Category