Arturia canariensis

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Arturia canariensis - Wikipedia

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Arturia canariensis
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Porifera
Class:	Calcarea
Order:	Clathrinida
Family:	Clathrinidae
Genus:	Arturia
Species:	A. canariensis
Binomial name
*Arturia canariensis* (Miklucho-Maclay, 1868) ^[1]
Synonyms
Arthuria canariensis (Miklucho-Maclay, 1868) Ascuris arrecifae Haeckel, 1872 Ascuris papillata Haeckel, 1872 Clathrina canariensis (Miklucho-Maclay, 1868) Clathrina sulphurea (Miklucho-Maclay, 1868) Leucosolenia canariensis (Miklucho-Maclay, 1868) Nardoa canariensis Miklucho-Maclay, 1868 Nardoa rubra Miklucho-Maclay, 1868 Nardoa sulphurea Miklucho-Maclay, 1868

Arturia canariensis, commonly known as the yellow calcareous sponge, is a species of sponge in the family Clathrinidae.^[1] It is found in shallow seas in the Canary Islands, Cape Verde, the Adriatic Sea and the Caribbean Sea. The specific epithet "canariensis" was given to this species because it was first described from Lanzarote in the Canary Islands.^[1]

Description

Arturia canariensis has a small, lacy structure and is a bright lemon yellow colour. It is an asconoid with many tiny flask-like tubes. Water is drawn in through fine holes near their base, the ostia, moved along by flagella and expelled from the oscula at the top, each osculum being a single exit formed from many fused ascon tubes. The skeleton is composed of large calcareous spicules called megascleres, made predominantly of calcite, forming a soft, fragile, supporting network. The whole sponge can grow to 10 centimetres (3.9 in) in diameter. Small individuals form tufts but larger ones have gentle folds, with oscula along their ridges.^[2]

Distribution and habitat

Arturia canariensis is found in the Canary Islands, Cape Verde, the Adriatic Sea and off the coast of Croatia.^[1] It is also found on the other side of the Atlantic in the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico, the Bahamas, the Dry Tortugas, Florida and Bermuda. It is usually found at depths between 8 and 23 metres (26 and 75 ft).^[3] It grows on shady rock substrates and in caves but its preferred location is the underside of ledges formed by horizontal, plate-like layers of coral. It is often found growing in these locations with coralline algae and bryozoans in a rich, diverse community.^[2] In a 2007 survey of sponges off the coast of Georgia, Arturia canariensis was discovered in cryptic locations under rocks, in crevices and overgrown by other organisms. This was an extension of its previous known range.^[4]

Biology

Arturia canariensis is a filter feeder, sieving plankton and other organic material out of the current of water as it passes through the ostia.^[5]

Both asexual reproduction by budding and sexual reproduction take place in Arturia canariensis. As in other species, each sponge is a hermaphrodite. Sperm is liberated into the sea and some is drawn into other sponges with the water current that passes through them. Fertilisation is then internal and the eggs are brooded in the ascon tubes of the sponge until they hatch. The free-swimming larvae are expelled through the oscula and disperse with the currents. After a few days they settle on the seabed and develop into juvenile sponges.^[5]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Arturia canariensis (Miklucho-Maclay, 1868). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 23 January 2019.
^ ^a ^b Colin, Patrick L. (1978). Marine Invertebrates and Plants of the Living Reef. T.F.H. Publications. p. 66. ISBN 0-86622-875-6.
^ "Yellow calcareous sponge". Florent's Guide to the Florida, Bahamas and Caribbean Reefs. Retrieved 2012-11-18.
^ Freeman, Christopher J.; Gleason, Daniel F.; Ruzicka, Rob; van Soest, Rob W. M.; Harvey, Alan W.; McFall, Greg (2007). "A biogeographic comparison of sponge fauna from Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary and other hard-bottom reefs of coastal Georgia, U.S.A." (PDF). Porifera Research: Biodiversity, Innovation and Sustainability: 319–325.
^ ^a ^b Dorit, R. L.; Walker, W. F.; Barnes, R. D. (1991). Zoology. Saunders College Publishing. p. 590–591. ISBN 0-03-030504-7.

Taxon identifiers
Arturia canariensis	Wikidata: Q61477509 Wikispecies: Arturia canariensis CoL: 5VSFC GBIF: 9553311 OBIS: 1030554 Open Tree of Life: 2841693 WoRMS: 1030554
Clathrina canariensis	Wikidata: Q3155668 CoL: VSTV EUNIS: 52272 GBIF: 5180455 iNaturalist: 122020 IRMNG: 10822345 Open Tree of Life: 2841693 WoRMS: 132272

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